CT与MRI在诊断原发性肝癌介入术后病灶残留及复发中的应用

目的:对原发性肝癌患者介入术后接受CT、MRI诊断病灶残留及复发的临床价值进行系统研究与探讨。方法:选择本院2018年12月~2019年12月收治的90例行介入术原发性肝癌患者作为实验对象,数字奇偶法分组后探究每组诊断效果。对照组(45例)应用CT诊断;观察组(45例)应用MRI诊断。对比两组患者残留及复发病灶数量。结果:观察组残留及复发病灶数量为(66.44±3.75)个,较之于对照组,差异具有统计学研究意义(P<0.05)。结论:原发性肝癌患者接受介入手术治疗后,在诊断病灶残留与复发中,MRI诊断优势更明显。     

多重耐药菌感染患者清创术后内镜灭菌方法研究

 目的 探讨过氧乙酸和环氧乙烷两种不同方法对胰腺包裹性坏死(WON)并多重耐药菌(MDRO)感染(经皮/经胃)内镜下清创术内镜的灭菌效果。方法 选取江西省某三级甲等医院WON并MDRO感染(经皮/经胃)内镜下清创术患者使用带副送水功能的内镜,采用随机数字表法将其分为两组:A组采用过氧乙酸浸泡灭菌,B组采用环氧乙烷低温灭菌。滤膜法采集内镜的钳子管道、送气/送水管道和副送水管道3个位点标本进行微生物培养,比较两组内镜灭菌合格率、菌落数和检出MDRO情况。结果 共采集78条副送水内镜,A组和B组各39条,共234份标本,A组和B组内镜灭菌合格率分别为61.54%、100%。A组钳子管道灭菌合格率为82.05%,送气/送水管道灭菌合格率为89.74%, 副送水管道灭菌合格率为74.36%,B组3个位点灭菌合格率均为100%。A组钳子管道、送气/送水管道和副送水管道菌落总数范围分别为0~6、0~112、0~23 CFU,分离MDRO 36株,以多重耐药铜绿假单胞菌、耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌和多重耐药肺炎克雷伯菌为主。将A组15条不合格的内镜转为环氧乙烷低温灭菌后,微生物学监测合格率达100%。结论 对于WON并MDRO感染(经皮/经胃)内镜下清创术的内镜,环氧乙烷低温灭菌方法更有效。对内镜的微生物学监测不能仅局限于钳子管道的监测,带副送水功能的内镜需监测副送水管道,以降低感染风险。     

Outcome of Debridement,Antibiotics, and Implant Retention With Modular Component Exchange in Acute Culture-Negative Periprosthetic Joint Infections

BackgroundModular component exchange and culture-directed antibiotic treatment is routinely employed for acute periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). However, as many as 7%-23% of PJIs have been reported to yield negative culture results. The efficacy of debridement, antibiotics, and implant retention (DAIR) with modular component exchange in the setting of acute culture negative PJI remains largely unknown. The aim of our study is to evaluate the outcomes of DAIR with modular component exchange in acute culture-positive and culture-negative PJI.MethodsA total of 149 consecutive patients with primary total joint replacements (90 total knee arthroplasties and 59 total hip arthroplasties) who underwent DAIR with modular component exchange for acute PJI with at least 3 years of follow-up were evaluated: (1) 46 culture-negative PJI patients and (2) 103 culture-positive PJI patients. Reinfection and aseptic revision rates along with complication rates were compared.ResultsThe reinfection rate for DAIR in acute culture-negative PJI was 13.0% compared to 19.4% in culture-positive PJI (P = .48). Mean survival time from reinfection between culture-negative (7.7 ± 0.4 years) and culture-positive (7.4 ± 0.3 years) PJI groups did not differ significantly (P = .40). Aseptic revision rates were 8.7% and 4.9% (P = .46), respectively, with loosening being the primary reason for implant failure in both cohorts.ConclusionsDespite lack of an identifying organism to guide postoperative antibiotic therapy, DAIR with modular component exchange for acute culture-negative PJI was associated with similar reinfection rates compared to acute culture-positive PJI, suggesting that culture negativity may not be a contraindication to DAIR in patients with acute PJI.     

膝关节镜结合中药熏洗治疗膝骨关节炎的临床效果

目的:探讨膝关节镜结合中药熏洗方案治疗膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者的临床效果。方法:收集2014年1月—2016年12月玉田县中医医院诊治的66例KOA患者,按照治疗方案不同分为两组,对照组(32例)行单纯中药熏洗治疗,观察组(34例)行关节镜清理术联合中药熏洗治疗,回顾观察并分析患者疼痛程度、关节症状、炎性因子水平、生活质量等变化情况。结果:观察组治疗后2、4周及3、6个月的视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后膝骨性关节炎严重性指数ISOA)、国际膝骨性关节炎(WOMAC)量表评分低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的白细胞介素-1(IL-1)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平比对照组显著更低(P<0.05);观察组的总有效率为94.12%,显著高于对照组的76.47%,SF-36总评分显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:联合给予KOA患者膝关节镜手术、中药熏洗治疗,可明显提高患者关节症状改善效果,减轻疼痛程度,提高抗炎效果,获得更理想临床总疗效及预后。     

Fournier’s gangrene as a rare complication in patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes treated with surgical debridement: A case report and literature review

IntroductionFournier’s gangrene is a potentially fatal emergency condition, supported by an infection of perineal and perianal region, characterized by necrotizing fasciitis with a rapid spread to fascial planes. FG, usually due to compromised host, may be sustained by many microbial pathogens.Case reportA 66-year-old man, with a history of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, obesity with BMI 38, chronic kidney failure and chronic heart failure, was admitted to the Emergency Department with a large area of necrosis involving the perineal and perianal regions.DiscussionFournier’s gangrene is favoured by hypertension, obesity, chronic alcoholism, renal and heart failure. Generally, Fournier’s gangrene needs other procedures in addition to wound debridement such as colostomy, cystostomy, or orchiectomy.ConclusionWe report a case of FG found as complication in a patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, treated with effective combination therapy with surgical debridement and antibiotics infusion.     

胃镜直视下清创后服药治疗消化性溃疡125例观察

目的：观察胃镜直视下清创对消化性溃疡愈合的影响。方法：２４５例消化性溃疡中治疗组１２５例（胃溃疡５８例,十二指肠球部溃疡６７例）,对照组１２０例（胃溃疡５６例,十二指肠球溃６４例）。治疗组在胃镜直视下用细胞刷反复拉刷溃疡创面,直到创面坏死苔清除干净,其后服药治疗。对照组仅用药物治疗。结果：２周后治疗组消化性溃疡愈合率为７１％,其中胃溃疡为６８％,十二指肠球溃７５％,对照组愈合率５６％（胃溃疡４９％,十二指肠球溃５８％）。１个月后治疗组愈合率为９６％（胃溃疡９４％,十二指肠球溃９８．２％）,对照组为８５％（胃溃疡７２％,十二指肠球溃９１％）。治疗组的２周及１月愈合率明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。胃溃疡清创后愈合率明显优于十二指肠球溃。结论：胃镜直视下清创能加速溃疡愈合,对胃溃疡效果更优。     

Rape attitudes amongst British medical students

OBJECTIVES: To examine the rape attitudes of a sample of 252 British medical students. DESIGN: A 20-item questionnaire was used. SETTING: A London medical school. SUBJECTS: Fourth-year medical students. RESULTS: In general, students were well informed on legal and factual issues regarding rape and sexual assault. However, significant differences were found in the attitudes to rape between males and females. Female students were significantly more positive in their responses to victims. CONCLUSIONS: These results support findings from previous studies of rape attitudes in other professional groups. Better knowledge and enlightened attitudes amongst health care staff can have a significant impact on the management of sexual assault and influence the likelihood of victims presenting for treatment. In conclusion, this study emphasizes the importance of teaching about sexual violence in British medical schools.     

中俄,中哈边境地区莱姆病自然疫源地调查研究

目的：调查边境地区莱杂姆病和自然疫源地的状况。方法;对血清学、病原学、宿主、媒介,病例和地理景观方面进行调查。结果：用ＩＦＡ和ＥＬＩＳＡ法共检测人畜血清１５０１份,从１９９份人血清中检出抗体阳性１８份,阳性率为９．０５％,并发现莱姆病典型患者１５例;检查马血清２０份,阳性５份,阳性率为２５．００％;检查牛血清３９９份,阳性６９份,阳性率１７．２９％;检查羊血清８８３份,阳性１９９份,阳性率２２．５     

A Proposal for a New Histological Classification Scheme for Predicting Short-term Tumor Recurrence and Death in Patients with Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of the Breast

Tumor recurrence rate (TRR) and mortality rate (MR) of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast in short-term follow-up are relatively low. Nevertheless, it is extremely important to identify patients at risk of early recurrence or death after surgery. The aim of this study was to establish a new histological prognostic classification scheme for IDC in order accurately to predict the short-term outcome. The following histological parameters were analyzed in 201 IDCs: 1) tumor size, 2) structural atypia, 3) nuclear atypia, 4) number of mitotic figures, 5) fibrotic focus (FF), 6) vascular invasion, 7) tumor necrosis, 8) skin invasion, 9) muscle invasion, 10) nodal status and 11) extramammary fat invasion. Multivariate analysis showed that nuclear atypia, presence of FF, and the invasive length of fat invasion (ILFI) were the most important histological parameters correlated with TRR or MR of IDCs. Accordingly, a new histological classification based on nuclear atypia, FF and ILFI (Nucleus-Fibrotic focus-Fat invasion, NFF) was devised. Comparative studies were performed with the following existing prognostic classifications: 1) histological grade, 2) modified Scarff-Bloom-Richardson histological grade, 3) prognostic index and 4) pathological TNM (pTNM) stage classifications. Patient grouping defined by NFF classification significantly correlated with tumor recurrence or death of IDCs in all cases, cases at stages I and II, those without lymph node metastasis and those who were estrogen receptor (ER)-positive after adjustment for the other four classifications, using multivariate analysis. NFF classification appeared superior to existing prognostic classifications for the accurate prediction of the short-term outcome for patients with IDCs in low risk groups.     

新型折叠式多焦点与单焦点人工晶状体植入术后拟调节力的比较

目的 :对单焦点和多焦点人工晶状体植入术后的拟调节力进行比较。方法 :选取合适的老年性白内障患者 ,分为两组。Ⅰ组 :30例 32只眼 ,植入AllerganArraySA 4 0NBTM多焦点人工晶状体 ,平均随访时间为 9.4个月。Ⅱ组 :30例 32只眼 ,植入AllerganSI4 0单焦点人工晶状体 ,平均随访时间为 15 .7月。所有病例均由同一眼科医师行标准超声乳化白内障摘除术联合人工晶状体植入术。术后采用试镜片法测试拟调节力。结果 :Ⅰ组 (MIOL)视远拟调节力为(2 .79± 0 .86 )D ,视近拟调节力为 (3.6 4± 1.0 3)D ;Ⅱ组(SIOL)视远拟调节力为 (0 .75± 0 .38)D ,视近拟调节力为 (1.0 6± 0 .4 2 )D ,两组差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。结论 :多焦点人工晶状体可以使患者在术后获得较大范围的拟调节力 ,使人工晶状体的作用更接近于生理性晶状体。