Oxygen uptake and blood flow of the lower limb in maximal treadmill and bicycle exercise

Summary The present study was undertaken to compare the effects of maximal treadmill and bicycle exercise on maximum oxygen uptake and blood flow in the lower extremity. Mean maximum oxygen uptake in maximal treadmill exercise was higher than that in bicycle exercise (p<0.001). Mean values and standard errors of blood flow measured immediately after maximal treadmill and bicycle exercise in the thigh were 39.1±4.0 and 44.2±2.8 ml/100 ml·min, the difference not being significant. However, a significant difference in blood flow in the calf measured immediately after both types of exercise was observed (p< 0.001). Blood flow in the thigh immediately after bicycle exercise was significantly higher than that in the calf (p<0.001), whereas the difference between thigh and calf in treadmill exercise was small and statistically not significant. Leg blood flow, the average value of blood flow of the thigh and calf added together, was used as an index of blood flow in the lower extremity. It was found that the leg blood flow was significantly higher on the treadmill than with bicycle exercise (p<0.05). From these results, it is suggested that the lower maximum oxygen uptake observed during bicycle exercise as compared with treadmill exercise seems to be due to a lower blood flow in the lower limb.     

人大腿肌构筑学研究

对12侧人大腿肌的构筑研究表明，股四头肌的生理横切面积是臀大肌或腓肠肌的3倍，伸膝肌远较屈膝肌强大是人类骨骼肌的特征之一，Guo绳肌中，股二头肌长头和半膜肌提供主要肌力，股二头肌短头和半腱肌都是速度型肌，分别对前的力度和方向进行调节，内收肌群各肌的肌纤维长度，羽状角自上而下逐渐增大，适应于下肢以髋关节为中心的收，展运动，也表现为强化髋和膝的稳定性，本测定了大腿各肌在解剖方位下的肌节长。     

泰比培南对小鼠肺炎克雷伯菌大腿感染模型的PK/PD研究

目的：通过泰比培南对小鼠大腿克雷伯菌感染模型PK/PD研究,预测最佳PK/PD参数。方法：选用临床肺炎克雷伯菌1株,采用琼脂二倍稀释法检测药物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）;构建小鼠的肺炎克雷伯菌大腿感染模型,分三种剂量（50、15、3 mg·kg-1）给予受试药物,观察给药24 h后大腿组织感染量变化,并采用HPLC法检测血药浓度。结果：体外测得MIC为0.03μg· mL-1;在小鼠的肺炎克雷伯菌大腿感染模型中,50、15、3 mg·kg-1三种剂量均对感染有治疗作用, PK/PD参数AUC/MIC、Cmax/MIC、T〉MIC的相关系数r2分别为0.8、0.75、0.54。结论：体内PK/PD研究表明,AUC/MIC、Cmax/MIC参数是反映泰比培南对小鼠的肺炎克雷伯菌大腿感染治疗效果主要的PK/PD参数。     

Test-retest reliability of isokinetic knee extension and flexion

OBJECTIVE: To assess reliability of isokinetic peak torque and work for knee flexion and extension. DESIGN: Single-group test-retest. SETTING: University laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven men and 7 women (mean age, 21 y). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Peak torque and work for concentric and eccentric knee extension and flexion were recorded at 60 degrees/s for 3 trials on 2 occasions. Intraclass correlation coefficient model 3,1 (ICC(3,1)), standard error (SE) of measurements, and smallest real differences were calculated for the maximum and for the mean peak torque and work of the 3 repetitions. RESULTS: Relative reliability was "very high" for peak torque and work (ICC range, >.90). The SE measurements ranged between 5% and 10% of the initial values for both peak torque and work. The smallest change that indicates a real improvement for a single subject (smallest real differences) ranged from 12% to 25% for peak torque and work variables and from 25% to 30% for the peak torque ratios. CONCLUSIONS: Isokinetic concentric and eccentric knee extensor and flexor strength variables are reliable when measured by the same examiner in asymptomatic subjects.     

7天-6°头低位卧床中下肢顺应性的变化及双下肢静脉加压套带的影响

目的通过研究模拟失重情况下下肢顺应性的变化及双下肢静脉加压套带的影响,探讨模拟失重后立位耐力下降的机理和静脉加压套带防护作用的机理.方法6名健康男性志愿者进行了两次7d-6°头低位卧床试验.第一次试验时3名受试者卧床中使用双下肢加压充气套带,压力40mmHg,每天800～2000使用12h;另3名受试者不使用任何对抗措施.第二次试验时两组受试者互换.在卧床前和卧床第7d进行的立位试验中测量了受试者右侧小腿截面积的变化;在卧床前、第6d和起床后第2d应用静脉阻断法测量了在阻断压力分别为20、30、50、70和80mmHg时受试者右侧小腿截面积的变化.结果立位试验和静脉阻断法中较高阻断压力时,卧床后对照组下肢顺应性明显增加(立位10min时,P<0.05),而套带组有下降趋势.结论下肢顺应性的增加可能是模拟失重后立位耐力下降的原因之一;双下肢加压套带阻止头低位卧床后立位耐力的下降,部分是通过阻止下肢顺应性的增加而实现的.     

超声测量胎儿股骨皮下组织厚度预测出生体重的相关性探讨

目的与方法：应用超声对１００例正常孕妇在分娩前一周内测量胎儿股骨皮下组织厚度（ＦＴＳＴＴ）双顶径（ＢＰＤ）腹围（ＡＣ）股骨长度（ＦＬ）,并与新生儿出生体重的关系进行分析。结果：股骨皮下组织厚度与体重的相关性最好。（Ｒ＝０．９０２７）逐步回归分析中ＦＴＳＴＴ的Ｆ值最大（Ｆ＝１９８．６７）。结论：超声测量胎儿股骨皮下组织厚度预测出生体重方法简单、准确,有较好的临床应用价值。     

Application of intraoperative radiotherapy for malignant glioma

Malignant glioma is characterized by rapid tumor cell proliferation and high recurrence risk. In terms of its treatment, the therapeutic effects of maximum resection and postoperative radiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy as well as many other new therapeutic techniques such as antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy remain poor. Glioma recurrence, especially local recurrence, is an important reason of glioma treatment failure. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) enables exclusion of radiation-sensitive normal tissue from the radiation field in operation and then the application of a single high-dose precision irradiation to the residual tumor or tumor bed. IORT has great application potential in the control of local recurrence of malignant tumors. This paper thus aims to review the current status and prospects of IORT's application in malignant glioma treatment.