双股丝线缝合Nice结固定联合弹性敷贴牵张治疗皮肤软组织缺损

目的探讨双股丝线缝合Nice结固定联合弹性敷贴牵张治疗皮肤软组织缺损的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2017年8月至2019年4月采用双股丝线缝合Nice结固定联合弹性敷贴牵张治疗的皮肤软组织缺损患者23例,男10例,女13例;年龄(36.5±5.3)岁(范围26~76岁)。缺损大小(60±5.3)cm2(28~96 cm2)。于局麻下对创面进行彻底清创,双股丝线缝合,Nice结固定,创面外用弹性敷贴牵拉固定,每隔3 d换药时进行创面收缩。通过观察和记录创面的愈合级别、愈合率、愈合时间、术后瘢痕温哥华瘢痕量表(Vancouver Scar Scale,VSS)评分评估双股丝线缝合Nice结固定联合弹性敷贴牵张治疗皮肤软组织缺损的疗效。结果手术均在清创室内顺利完成,手术时间(42±10.5)min(范围30~50 min),术中出血量(30±2.5)ml(范围20~60 ml),手术费用(180±11.5)元人民币(范围160~240元人民币)。3例失随访,20例患者得到随访,随访时间(4±2.5)个月(范围3~6个月)。23例患者手术后创面愈合率50%±3.5%(范围40%~56%),20例随访患者术后第3天创面愈合率65%±4.3%(范围53%~75%),术后第6天创面愈合率74%±4.5%(范围65%~80%),术后第9天创面愈合率83%±1.8%(范围76%~85%),术后第12天创面愈合率90%±1.6%(范围84%~95%),术后第15天创面愈合率95%±3.5%(范围94%~98%)。术后随访第42天时20患者创面完全愈合,愈合率100%。创面甲、乙级愈合率95%(19/20),瘢痕VSS评分为4(3,6)分,创面瘢痕优良率80%(16/20)。2例于术后第10天由于缝线切割出现线结部分脱落,二次以Nice结缝合固定。1例感染未完全控制,在线结上覆盖负压封闭引流材料,治疗1周后局部感染控制,再次以Nice结收缩创面至创面愈合。结论双股丝线缝合Nice结固定联合弹性敷贴牵张治疗皮肤软组织缺损具有手术操作简便、手术条件要求低、手术时间短、出血少、费用低、创面愈合级别及愈合率高的优势,适合基层医院应用及推广。     

Making enhanced recovery the norm not the exception

BackgroundEnhanced Recovery After Surgery (“STAAR” in our system) is multimodal care focused on the reduction of physiological and psychological stress. While enhanced recovery is well established in colorectal surgery, and there is evidence for effectiveness in other surgical disciplines, to date widespread use is limited.MethodWe implemented a Lean process that, within 12 months, expanded STAAR to 13 surgical services lines involving >130 surgeons, and impacting the care of >6000 surgical patients/year.ResultsImplementation involved educational and administrative meetings (279 in the first 6 months) and rounding. Use of STAAR was defined as >60% compliance. LOS was reduced up to 40%, mortality index and transfusion decreased 67% and 23% respectively. Case mix index increased 17%. Readmission rates, infections, ER visits were not increased.ConclusionUsing a Lean process focused on value, STAAR protocols became the standard rather than the exception. Time investment by senior surgical leadership was extensive.     

Incisional negative pressure wound therapy does not reduce surgical site infections in abdominal midline incisions: a case control study

Abstract

Purpose: There is evidence from various surgical specialties that incisional negative pressure wound therapy (iNPWT) might reduce postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs). In visceral and general surgery, there is varying evidence of its efficacy in reducing surgical site infections.

Methods: A prospectively registered patient cohort of 43 patients with abdominal wall and visceral surgery received treatment with iNPWT and was compared to a matched retrospective cohort to analyze its effects on SSI occurrence and respective risk factors. Groups were matched by procedure, sex, body mass index and age. We used two different systems of iNPWT: (i) PREVENA^TM or (ii) self-made epicutaneous iNPWT from common VAC material.

Results: We could not find a total reduction in postoperative SSIs by application of iNPWT. But within the iNPWT cohort, patients with self-made iNPWT suffered more often from SSIs compared to the commercial iNPWT subgroup. No patient specific risk factors could be identified to advocate the use of iNPWT.

Conclusion: Our data do not support the use of an incisional negative pressure wound therapy on closed wounds in midline laparotomy incisions. Although, differences exist between the commmercial and self-made systems.     

Medidas de prevención de la infección de localización quirúrgica en cirugía general. Documento de posicionamiento de la Sección de Infección Quirúrgica de la Asociación Española de Cirujanos

Surgical site infection is associated with prolonged hospital stay and increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs, as well as a poorer patient quality of life. Many hospitals have adopted scientifically-validated guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection. Most of these protocols have resulted in improved postoperative results. The Surgical Infection Division of the Spanish Association of Surgery conducted a critical review of the scientific evidence and the most recent international guidelines in order to select measures with the highest degree of evidence to be applied in Spanish surgical services. The best measures are: no removal or clipping of hair from the surgical field, skin decontamination with alcohol solutions, adequate systemic antibiotic prophylaxis (administration within 30-60 minutes before the incision in a single preoperative dose; intraoperative re-dosing when indicated), maintenance of normothermia and perioperative maintenance of glucose levels.     

Pilon骨折的术前评估与治疗进展

正胫骨远端Pilon骨折,也称作Pilon骨折,指胫骨远端关节面在受到轴向暴力引起的胫骨远端关节内压缩塌陷型骨折。Pilon骨折常因高能量暴力导致关节面损伤严重且伴有严重的软组织损伤。Pilon骨折因其关节面损伤严重,常须手术治疗,Rüedi和Allg?wer最早描述了Pilon骨折的分型及其治疗。Pilon骨折的手术治疗复杂,临床预后并发症较多。本文主要总结分析了近年来Pilon骨折的术前评估与分型、切口选择、内固定选择及治疗方法,并对本期发表的相关文章进行点评。     

外侧单一切口治疗Pilon骨折28例疗效分析

目的:探讨采用外侧单一切口切开复位内固定治疗Pilon骨折的临床疗效。方法:2016年1月至2017年5月采用外侧单一切口切开复位内固定治疗28例Pilon骨折患者,其中男17例,女11例;年龄25～59(39.2±12.2)岁;左侧13例,右侧15例;根据Rüedi-Allg?wer分型,Ⅰ型7例,Ⅱ型11例,Ⅲ型10例。所有患者急诊24 h内行骨折外固定支架术或者跟骨牵引术,待软组织条件允许后再行切开复位内固定术。记录患者切口愈合、骨折愈合及并发症情况,并于术后1年采用美国足踝外科协会(AOFAS)足踝评分系统对踝关节功能进行评价。结果:28例患者均获得随访,时间12～25(16.4±7.2)个月。2例患者出现手术切口的浅部感染,伤口延迟愈合;1例患者发生部分皮肤的坏死,经伤口换药护理后伤口愈合。28例患者切口愈合时间11～25(15.2±8.4) d。所有患者获得骨折愈合,时间12～18(15.2±3.4)周。2例患者术后行走出现踝关节疼痛,X线片显示发生了创伤性骨关节炎,予以服用非甾体消炎药后缓解。无深部感染、骨不连、骨折延迟愈合、骨折畸形愈合、内固定松动等并发症。术后1年AOFAS评分为(89.6±5.7)分,其中优14例,良12例,可2例。结论:外侧单一切口治疗Pilon骨折可以很好地暴露,复位和固定关节面骨折块,同时软组织并发症少,临床疗效满意,但是对于内翻型Pilon骨折或者胫骨内侧粉碎性骨折,由于外侧切口难以在胫骨内侧放置主力钢板,选用前内侧切口或广泛前侧切口更合适。     

复合骨皮瓣移植联合骨延长修复下肢烧伤伴软组织并骨缺损

目的：比较传统腓骨皮瓣联合异体骨移植与复合骨皮瓣移植联合骨延长分期修复治疗下肢烧伤致严重软组织并骨缺损的疗效。方法：回顾分析2015年3月至2018年1月下肢烧伤致严重软组织并骨缺损患者68例,依据治疗方案分为对照组34例与研究组34例。所有患者存在不同程度软组织及骨组织缺损,研究组34例采取复合骨皮瓣移植联合骨延长分期修复治疗,男22例,女12例;年龄32~46（39.18±6.01）岁;受伤至治疗时间（16.69±5.11）h;致伤原因：爆炸伤28例,火器烧伤6例;骨缺损长度（12.10±2.34）cm;左侧16例,右侧18例。对照组34例采取腓骨皮瓣联合异体骨移植治疗,男24例,女10例;年龄31~47（38.93±5.81）岁;受伤至治疗时间（17.10±5.63）h;爆炸伤30例,火器烧伤4例;骨缺损长度（11.96±2.51）cm;左侧19例,右侧15例。所有患者随访6个月,记录两组术前及术后3、6个月肢体功能Fugl-Meyer分值（FMA）,术后6个月的治疗满意度、疗效和并发症。结果：肢体功能：术前两组FMA分值间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）,术后3、6个月两组FMA分值较术前增高（P<0.05）,且研究组高于对照组（P<0.05）。术后6个月疗效：研究组治疗优良率（94.12%）高于对照组（76.47%）（P<0.05）。术后6个月患者治疗满意度：研究组治疗满意度（94.12%）高于对照组（76.47%）（P<0.05）。并发症：研究组并发症发生率（14.71%）,对照组（26.47%）,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。。结论：联合采取复合骨皮瓣移植及骨延长分期修复治疗下肢烧伤致严重软组织并骨缺损,可取得良好治疗效果,改善患者肢体功能,治疗满意度较高,且具有一定安全性。     

脊柱后路内固定手术后手术部位感染的危险因素及治疗策略

【摘要】 目的：探讨脊柱后路内固定手术后手术部位感染的相关危险因素及治疗策略。方法：回顾性分析2015年1月~2018年1月在我院骨科行脊柱后路内固定手术患者3780例。其中男性1970例,女性1810例,年龄18~92岁（44.9±18.4岁）,随访1.5±0.3年。根据患者术后1年内是否出现感染分为感染组和非感染组。收集两组患者的年龄（是否＞60岁）、性别、体质指数（body mass index,BMI）（是否＞30kg/m2）、融合节段（是否＞2个）、手术持续时间（是否＞3h）、低蛋白血症（白蛋白是否＜35g/L）、是否贫血、是否合并糖尿病、是否异体输血、术后引流时间（是否＞48h）、失血量（是否＞1000ml）以及是否合并其他部位感染等资料进行独立样本t检验。对阳性结果进行进一步多因素Logistic回归分析,将感染组根据感染灶是否穿破深筋膜分为浅表感染组和深部感染组,收集感染组细菌培养结果,χ2检验分析病原菌构成比。结果：3780例患者中发生手术部位感染患者95例,感染发生率为2.51%,其中男性52例,女性43例,年龄18~82岁（43.5±15.2岁）。单因素分析显示,两组患者在性别、BMI＞30kg/m2、融合节段、贫血、异体输血、术后引流时间以及合并其他感染等因素比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而在年龄＞60岁、手术时间超过3h、低蛋白血症（白蛋白＜35g/L）、合并糖尿病和失血量＞1000ml等因素存在统计学差异（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归结果显示年龄＞60岁（OR=5.267,P=0.008）、手术时间超过3h（OR=7.156,P=0.000）、低蛋白血症（OR=4.358,P=0.016）、合并糖尿病（OR=3.578,P=0.005）和失血量＞1000ml（OR=4.659,P=0.007）是脊柱后路内固定术后手术部位感染的独立危险因素。95例脊柱后路手术术后手术部位感染患者根据感染部位分为浅表感染65例,深部感染30例,病原菌构成比比较无统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：年龄＞60岁、手术时间超过3h、低蛋白血症、合并糖尿病和失血量＞1000ml的患者行脊柱后路内固定手术术后发生切口感染的风险较高,围手术期应积极采取有效的治疗策略,最大限度降低脊柱内固定术后手术部位感染的发生。