Barriers to and facilitators of child influenza vaccine - perspectives from parents, teens, marketing and healthcare professionals

Background

The CDC recommends annual influenza vaccination for all children age 6 months and older, yet vaccination rates remain modest. Effective strategies to improve influenza vaccination for children are needed.

Methods

Eight focus groups with 91 parents, teens, pediatric healthcare staff and providers, and immunization and marketing experts were conducted, audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and coded based on grounded theory.

Results

Three themes emerged: barriers, facilitators, and strategies. Barriers included fear, misinformation, and mistrust, with exacerbation of these barriers attributed to media messages. Many considered influenza vaccination unnecessary and inconvenient, but would accept vaccination if recipients or other family members were considered high risk, if recommended by their doctor or another trusted person, or if offered or mandated by the school. Access to better information regarding influenza disease burden and vaccine safety and efficacy were notable facilitators, as were prevention of the inconvenience of missing work or important events, and if the child requests to receive the vaccine. Marketing strategies included incentives, jingles, videos, wearable items, strategically-located information sheets or posters, and promotion by informed counselors. Practice-based strategies included staff buy-in, standing orders protocols, vaccination clinics, and educational videos. Teen-specific strategies included message delivery through schools, texting, internet, and social networking sites.

Conclusion

To improve influenza vaccination rates for children using practice-based interventions, participants suggested campaigns that provide better information regarding the vaccine, the disease and its implications, and convenient access to vaccination. Strategies targeting adolescents should use web-based social marketing technologies and campaigns based in schools.     

Teaching successful medication administration today: More than just knowing your ‘rights’

Medication administration is an important skill taught in undergraduate nursing programs. Student learning for this activity includes not only how to prepare and administer medications, but also includes interventions such as patient and family teaching. Students also are taught a series of ‘rights’ in order to prevent medication errors. There are many factors, both personal and system related, which contribute to medication errors in the health care environment. The purpose of this article is to provide strategies for teaching students medication administration that encompass the multiple factors involved to ensure safe practice. This opinion paper is based on the authors' considerable years of teaching experience (35 years clinical setting and classroom teaching with senior students in final year of baccalaureate program for 1st author and 16 years total for co-author).Recommendations put forth by the authors are: a) leveling students’ clinical experiences in administering medications to include understanding of system factors, b) structured scenarios and purposeful linking of theory to clinical courses to advance students' knowledge and skills related to medication administration as they progress through the program, 3) revisiting math skills.     

晚期肺癌患者治疗决策的医学伦理学思考

对于晚期肺癌患者应给予其临终关怀。医生不仅要在遵循法律法规的前提下人性化的实施保护性医疗措施,实现艺术的告知病情,也要在专业能力所及的范围内尽量为晚期肺癌患者提供最优化的治疗决策,综合考虑患者的身体耐受条件、经济状况等实现人性化、个体化治疗;同时亟需组建专业的医疗护理团队和机构,从基础疾病、心理健康、社会角度多方面提供充分全面的护理,才能更好地帮助肺癌患者缓解身心痛苦,尽可能改善患者临终生存质量。     

医院实施药学服务的影响因素与对策

目的:探讨和分析目前医院在实施药学监护、药学服务中存在的问题,提出相应的对策。方法:选取一家二级甲等医院,总结其临床药学服务、药学监护等相关情况。主要应用演绎及归纳的方法分析开展药学监护与药学服务的困难及其出现的问题。同时提出相应解决对策以提升该院的药学服务质量及监护水平。结果:药学服务开展过程中出现的问题有:药师的团队意识及专业技能低,培训不够系统化,临床药师人才不足;药学服务的工作分配粗糙;药物检测等基础研究条件差,研究水平低;未充分运用信息化与自动化;医院药物制剂技术及条件不足,药学服务未得到普及。针对以上问题的解决措施有:药师的工作应当引起医院的关注,增强其业务技能,改善工作环境;强化医院的基础硬件条件,充分借助现代信息与医疗科技手段;增加临床药师的实验室研究水准;医学制剂学应得到重视。结论:只有大型医院才有条件实施药学服务项目。需要有关权威部门制定相关法律条例,明文规定实施药学服务的详细内容、步骤及执行规范。     

聋校心理健康教育的现状分析及实施策略

随着新一轮基础教育课程改革的进一步深化，心理健康教育越来越被重视。对心理健康教育工作的重视从另一个侧面说明了目前在学校教育中学生所暴露出的心理问题已层出不穷。本文着重分析了目前聋校心理健康教育的现状，并提出了相应的实施策略。     

医学生睡眠质量及其相关因素分析

目的　探讨学生睡眠质量与应付方式、个性类型之间的关系。　方法　采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PiusburghSleepQualityIndex ,PSQI)测试了 118名在校医学专业本科生。　结果　①医学生PSQI平均分为 6 .4 4±2 .2 2 ,19.5 %的学生有睡眠质量问题 ,男生高于女生 ,性别差异有显著意义 (χ2 =5 .6 5 ,P <0 .0 5 )。②PSQI睡眠总分与性别呈显著相关 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与艾林克个性问卷因素N得分 (EPQN)呈极显著正相关 (P <0 .0 1) ,与艾林克个性问卷因素E得分 (EPQE)、特质应对方式问卷积极应对方式维度得分 (PC)呈极显著负相关 (P <0 .0 1)。③逐步回归发现 ,医学生睡眠质量问题的主要直接影响因素依次为EPQN和EPQE。④情绪不稳定组PSQI睡眠总分明显高于情绪稳定组 ;个性内倾组PSQI睡眠总分明显高于个性外倾组。　结论　学生的睡眠质量与其性别、人格类型、应付方式等多种因素有关     

Psychophysical factors that have been applied to clinical perimetry

Perimetry is the most common clinical diagnostic test procedure for evaluating the status of peripheral visual function in the management of ocular and neurologic diseases. This procedure has an extended history, and its design, implementation and interpretation is dependent on many principles that have been developed through visual psychophysical studies of target size, target duration, background adaptation level, chromatic characteristics and other stimulus properties (see Greve, 1973, Johnson, 1994, Johnson, 1996, Johnson, 2008, Johnson, 2010, Johnson and Keltner, 1998, Johnson and Sample, 2002, Johnson and Wall, 2011, Wall and Johnson, 2005 for reviews). This paper will provide a general overview of the history of perimetry, selection of stimulus parameters, development of test strategies, clinical testing conditions, new procedures and approaches to perimetry, experimental design, analysis and interpretation methods, hypothesis testing, prediction and forecasting procedures, and other related topics. It is somewhat paradoxical that although there have been major advances in all of these areas that have significantly enhanced the utility and value of this clinical diagnostic test, the fundamental methodology has remained mostly unchanged for thousands of years. It is hoped that this overview will be of assistance to investigators and clinicians who wish to use or modify this diagnostic procedure for their ongoing career activities.     

我国空巢老人健康状况的研究进展

随着经济的飞速发展和我国人口老龄化的不断加剧,空巢老人这一特殊社会群体不断壮大,空巢老人所面临的心理、身体健康问题已成为社会热点话题。从个人、家庭、社会、政府部门等各个环节来综合考虑应对策略,采取有效的措施维护空巢老人的身心健康、保证其养老质量,这对提高老龄人口的生活幸福度、构建和谐社会具有重大意义。     

美国药品风险评估与减低计划的简介与启示

目的为发展我国药品风险减低的相关举措提供参考。方法通过对美国药品风险评估与减低计划文献资料的查阅,对文献研究的方法进行研究。结果美国药品风险评估与减低计划的发展已较完善,并逐步标准化、系统化。结论美国药品风险评估与减低计划的运用及标准化措施可为我国药品风险减低相关举措的发展提供参考。