维药小茴香根皮化学成分初步研究

目的对维药小茴香根皮化学成分进行初步研究。方法采用试管法和滤纸法对维药小茴香根皮的水、酸水、95%乙醇、石油醚提取物进行研究,通过预实验,初步推断维药小茴香根皮中可能含有的化学成分。结果维药小茴香根皮中可能含有糖类及其苷、内酯化合物、酚类、鞣质、黄酮类、生物碱、挥发油、油脂、三萜及甾醇等化学成分。结论本研究为维药小茴香根皮的进一步开发利用提供了实验基础。     

Objectively measured daily-life physical activity of moderate-to-severe Brazilian asthmatic women in comparison to healthy controls: A cross-sectional study

Considering the complex relationship between asthma symptoms and exercise, asthmatics are usually believed to be less active in daily life than healthy subjects. However, few studies have objectively assessed daily-life physical activity (DLPA) of asthmatic adults. Objective: To objectively assess DLPA of a sample of Brazilian asthmatic women in comparison to healthy controls, and to investigate the associations between DLPA and asthma control, health-related quality of life, anxiety and depression levels, and the Six-minute walk test (6MWT) in this population. Methods: Sixty-six women were included, 36 in the asthma group (AG) and 30 in the control group (CG). The AG was composed by clinically stable moderate-to-severe asthmatics. The CG was composed by apparently healthy volunteers. All subjects underwent DLPA assessment (considered as the average of steps taken during six consecutive days measured by a pedometer) and performed the 6MWT. Additionally, participants in the AG were assessed using the Asthma Control Questionnaire, the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Results: There was no difference between the AG and the CG regarding DLPA (7490.3 ± 3330.2 vs 6876.4 ± 3242.1 steps respectively, p = 0.45), even after adjustment for covariates. DLPA was significantly correlated to the activity limitation domain of the AQLQ among asthmatics (r = 0.43, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Despite the association between self-perceived activity limitation and DLPA among asthmatics, there were no differences regarding DLPA between a sample of moderate-to-severe Brazilian asthmatic women and apparently healthy controls.     

戒烟时间对稳定期重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动耐力的影响

目的 通过比较重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)男性患者戒烟6个月时与戒烟12个月时两次测得相关肺功能指标及心肺运动试验(cardiopulmonary exercise test,CPET)结果,探讨戒烟时间对稳定期重度COPD患者运动耐力的影响.方法 随访52例处于稳定期的重度COPD男性患者,分别于其戒烟6个月时及戒烟12个月时两次进行静态常规肺功能(pulmonary function test,PFT)及CPET,测定相关肺通气功能参数、心肺运动功能参数,并将两次测得数据进行配对样本t检验.结果 ①此52例COPD患者于戒烟6个月时和戒烟12个月时两次测得的PFT结果显示,FEV1、FEV1％pred、FEV1/FVC、D(1.)CO两组间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).戒烟12个月时的IC[(2.21±0.62)L]高于戒烟6个月时的IC[(1.83±0.47)L],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).戒烟12个月时的RV[(4.02±0.82)L]、TLC[(7.30±1.21)L]、RV/TLC[(51.43±7.67)％]均低于戒烟6个月时的RV[(4.75±0.26) L]、TLC[(7.71±0.84)L]、RV/TLC[(56.33±8.79)％],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);②CPET测定结果显示,此52例COPD患者戒烟12个月时的Peak Load[(91.21±15.12)W]、Peak(v)O2[(1 327.21±281.42) ml/min]、Peak(v)O2 ％pred[(63.07±17.15)％]、Peak(v)O2/kg[(21.58±4.13)ml·min-1·kg-1]、Peak(v)E[(38.33±8.79)L/min]、dO2/dW1[(8.67±0.73)ml·min-1·watt-1]、Peak O2 pulse[(10.62±2.67)ml/beat]均高于戒烟6个月时的Peak Load[(81.26±16.32)w]、Peak (v)O2 [(1075.18±276.45) ml/min]、Peak(v)O2 ％pred[(54.13±16.14)％]、Peak(v)O2/kg[( 17.49±4.37)ml·min-1·kg-1]、Peak(v)E[(34.29±7.12)L/min]、dO2/dW1[(8.51±0.72)ml·min-1·watt-1]、Peak O2 pulse[(9.57±2.47)ml/beat],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)；戒烟12个月时的Lowest(v)E/(v)CO2[(28.38±3.4)]低于戒烟6个月时的Lower(v)E/(v)CO2[(31.5±3.21)],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);③PFT中IC改善值与CPET中Peak(v)O2、Peak(v)O2/kg、Peak(v)E、Lowest(v)E/(v)CO2的改善值有良好的相关性,而FEV1的改善值与上述CPET的参数改善无显著相关.结论 戒烟时间的长短能影响COPD患者综合心肺能力和运动耐量,戒烟对于重度COPD患者仍有较大意义.IC值对于预估COPD患者的运动耐力受损程度有较大意义.