葡立胶囊与抗骨增生胶囊联用治疗颈椎病的临床研究

目的 了解、观察葡立胶囊与抗骨增生胶囊联用治疗颈椎病对血清SOD含量及疼痛功能评分的影响。方法 对一组神经根型颈椎病患者，用葡立胶囊与抗骨增生胶囊联合应用治疗3个月，测定血清SOD含量及疼痛功能评分变化。结果 颈椎病患者治疗组血清SOD含量与治疗前相比明显升高，疼痛功能评分治疗前相比明显降低。结论 葡立胶囊与抗骨增生胶囊联合应用可明显缓解症状，提高血清SOD活力，延缓颈椎间盘退变，对治疗颈椎病有明显疗效。     

肿瘤坏死因子及中性粒细胞在脊髓继发性损伤中的作用

目的 探讨炎性反应对脊髓损伤细胞凋亡的影响及其作用机制。方法 健康Wistar大鼠48只。随机分为2组，实验组与对照组。采用Allen法挫伤大鼠T10节段脊髓，于术后1、8h和1、2、3、7d取材。检测肿瘤坏死因子（TNF）与髓过氧化物酶水平的变化。结果 实验组肿瘤坏死因子与髓过氧化物酶水平均明显升高（P〈0．01）。结论 中性粒细胞及TNF-α参与了脊髓继发性损伤，并可能是触发迟发性神经元凋亡的重要因素之一。     

Exo-focal postischemic neuronal damage in the rat brain: alteration of [H]forskolin binding using in vitro autoradiography

We studied the alteration of intracellular signal transduction using quantitative autoradiography of the second messenger system in order to clarify the mechanisms of delayed neuronal damage in the remote areas of rat brain after transient focal ischemia. Chronological changes of [³H]forskolin binding sites were measured to demonstrate the striatal-nigral pathway after 90 min of right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion and after such occlusion followed by 3 h, 6 h, 1 day, 3 days, 1 week, 2 weeks and 4 weeks of recirculation. [³H]Forskolin binding sites were found to be markedly decreased in the lateral segment of the caudate putamen supplied by the occluded MCA after 90 min of ischemia with no recirculation. On the contrary, there was no alteration on day 1, but 3 days after ischemic insult, marked reduction of [³H]forskolin binding sites was observed in the ipsilateral substantia nigra which lay outside the ischemic areas. This postischemic delayed phenomenon observed in the substantia nigra developed concurrently with ⁴⁵Ca accumulation, which was detected there in our previous study. The delayed reduction of [³H]forskolin binding sites in the substantia nigra observed in the present study indicates that striatonigral terminal degeneration at presynaptic sites is caused by precedent ischemic damage of the ipsilateral caudate putamen and that exo-focal postischemic neuronal death is caused by a transsynaptic process associated with the ischemic foci.     

Fusimotor reflexes to antagonistic muscles simultaneously assessed by multi-afferent recordings from muscle spindle afferents

Several single agonist/antagonist primary muscle spindle afferents were simultaneously recorded in chloralose anaesthetized cats. It was shown that their dynamic and static sensitivity to sinusoidal muscle stretches could be increased or decreased via the fusimotor system by extension and flexion of the contralateral hind limb as well as by stretch of ipsilateral muscles and stimulation of ipsilateral skin nerves. The results seem to support the hypothesis that the primary muscle spindle afferents convey complex multisensory messages to the central nervous system (CNS).     

Elemental composition and water content of myelinated axons and glial cells in rat central nervous system

The distribution of elements (e.g. Na, Cl, K) and water in CNS cells is unknown. Therefore, electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) was used to measure water content and concentrations (mmol/kg dry or wet weight) of Na, Mg, P, S, Cl, K and Ca in morphological compartments of myelinated axons and glial cells from rat optic nerve and cervical spinal cord white matter. Axons in both CNS regions exhibited similar water content ( 90%), and relatively high concentrations (wet and dry weight) of K with low Na and Ca levels. The K content of axons was related to diameter, i.e. small axons in spinal cord and optic nerve had significantly less (25–50%) K than larger diameter axons from the same CNS region. The elemental composition of spinal cord mitochondria was similar to corresponding axoplasm, whereas the water content (75%) of these organelles was substantially lower than that of axoplasm. In glial cell cytoplasm of both CNS areas, P and K (wet and dry weight) were the most abundant elements and water content was approximately 75%. CNS myelin had predominantly high P levels and the lowest water content (33–55%) of any compartment measured. The results of this study demonstrate that each morphological compartment of CNS axons and glia exhibits a characteristic elemental composition and water content which might be related to the structure and function of that neuronal region.     

Extensive pectoral muscle necrosis after defibrillation: nonthermal skeletal muscle damage caused by electroporation

A 37-year-old Italian male developed a myocardial infarct with subsequent ventricular fibrillation. He was defibrillated seven times with up to 360 Joules. Thirteen days later the patient died of recurrent myocardial infarct due to thrombotic occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery. At autopsy, necrosis of the right pectoralis muscle was observed. Electroporation is the pathogenetic mechanism of skeletal muscle damage due to multiple defibrillations with high energy levels. Received: 8 January 1998 Accepted: 15 April 1998     

Nociceptin (Orphanin FQ) abolishes gestational and ovarian sex steroid-induced antinociception and induces hyperalgesia

Nociceptin (Orphanin FQ) is a newly discovered endogenous heptadecapeptide substrate for the opioid-receptor-like 1 receptor, a G protein coupled receptor that bears striking amino acid sequence homology to opiate receptors. In rats, intrathecal (i.t.) administration of nociceptin is without effect on basal thresholds for responsiveness to electric foot shock. However, during either late gestation or its hormonal simulation, when nociceptive thresholds are elevated by approximately 70%, i.t. nociceptin substantially attenuates jump thresholds in a dose-dependent fashion. This hypoalgesic effect of nociceptin is not limited to attenuating the gestational or sex steroid-induced increment in pain thresholds. Following the highest i.t. dose of nociceptin employed (20 nmol), the gestational or sex steroid-induced increment in jump thresholds is not only abolished but a significant hyperalgesia is observed. These results underscore the importance of the hormonal milieu to nociceptin hypoalgesic sensitivity. The potential contribution of spinal nociceptive pathways that utilize nociceptin to the etiology of extraordinary painful pregnancy and labor should not be ignored.     

谷氨酸诱导体外培养的鸡胚脊髓神经细胞释放NO

用鸡胚脊髓神经细胞的原代培养,测定细胞中亚硝酸盐的含量,研究了谷氨酸(Glu)对原代培养神经细胞中NO的影响。结果表明,谷氨酸作用于原代培养的鸡胚脊髓神经细胞,在诱导神经细胞释放乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的同时,还可诱导细胞释放一氧化氮(NO)。如先用NO合成酶抑制剂L-NOARG作用细胞,再加入Glu,则发现L-NOARG能降低Glu导致的培养液中LDH活性升高。提示NO可能参与介导Glu的神经毒性作用。     

涉及全椎骨之脊柱肿瘤的外科治疗

本文报告了4例涉及椎体及其后部结构的全椎骨肿瘤的外科治疗,介绍了全椎骨切除术的手术方法及手术注意事项。手术采用后路附件切除,上下椎体Steffee钢板内固定,前路椎体切除自体髂骨植骨融合,初步效果满意。本手术难度大、出血多、危险性高,术中采用控制性低血压,以减少出血。