The use of experimental studies to reveal suspected neurotoxic chemicals as occupational hazards: acute and chronic exposures to organic solvents.

The nervous system differs from many other body organs by its central control of vital functions and its low regeneration capacity. Organic solvents have, as a group, been suspected to have neurotoxic effects. Because of their similar physical properties and the fact that in industrial uses, they are often present in various mixtures, organic solvents have also been regarded, unfortunately, to induce common neurotoxic effects. However, it is evident from experimental studies using specified exposure conditions that different organic solvents have very diverse neurotoxic effects and also that the toxic mechanism may differ between acute and chronic exposure. No specific method used to describe a neurotoxic effect or single toxic response can be used for the overall occupational risk assessment of all organic solvents. Each solvent has to be considered as having its own unique toxic effects.     

河南省地方性高碘甲状腺肿的发现、流行特征及其干预研究

河南省地方性高碘甲状腺肿的发现、流行特征及其干预研究@陈豪敏$河南省卫生防疫站!河南郑州450003 @底秀娟$河南省卫生防疫站!河南郑州450003 @李冬丽$河南省卫生防疫站!河南郑州450003 @柯庚寅$河南省卫生防疫站!河南郑州450003 @王传刚$河南省卫生防疫站!河南郑州450003 @崔顺岭$濮阳市卫生防疫站!河南濮阳457000 @王兰珍$濮阳市卫生防疫站!河南濮阳457000~~~~~~     

中西医结合治疗缺血性脑血管病临床疗效观察

目的 回顾性分析中西医结合治疗缺血性脑血管病的疗效。方法 对126例缺血性脑血管病患者，在早期西医溶栓、抗凝、降低血液粘度、扩张血管和促进脑细胞代谢等治疗基础上，结合中医辩证施治治疗。结果 42例瘫肢肌力恢复达V级；48例肌力≥Ⅳ级，言语流畅；27例生活能基本自理，可依杖散步，肌力≥Ⅲ级：9例与治疗前对比肌力提高Ⅰ～Ⅱ级，但生活仍不能自理。结论 在西药治疗基础上，结合益气活血中药调理可显著提高患者的疗效。     

左双腔支气管导管管端位置与吸气峰压变化的关系

目的 观测无隆突钩双腔支气管导管(DLT)管端位置与吸气峰压(Ppeak)以及肺顺应性环形状改变的关系，探讨用Ppeak和顺应性环的变化评估DLT管端位置的可行性。方法 拟行右侧剖胸手术的成年患者32例，静脉诱导后插入左Mallinckrodt DLT，吸入氧化亚氮和地氟醚维持麻醉。按纤维支气管镜(FOB)确认DLT管端位置和通气方式将观测过程分为四个阶段：第一阶段(S1)，管端位置正确的双肺通气；第二阶段(S2)，管端位置正确的左侧单肺通气；第三阶段(S3)，管端插入左下支气管(置管过深)的左侧单肺通气；第四阶段(S。)，管端处在左支气管开口(置管偏浅)的左侧单肺通气。每阶段均机械通气15min。结果 回归方程预计插管深度与FOB检查符合者占71．9％。S2时Ppeak值比S1时增加50．8％，肺顺应性(Cdyn)值减少36．2％；S3时Ppeak值比S1时增加87．4％，Cdyn值减少56．8％。PV环曲线斜率向右明显移位，环体显著延长。结论 用无隆突钩DLT行肺隔离，在无FOB定位的条件时，联合应用听诊法、回归方程预计插管深度、动态监测气道峰压和P-V环的变化综合评估，可提高DLT管端的正确到位率。单肺通气的气道峰压超过双肺通气时的1．65倍，且气道峰压超过25cm H2O．应高度怀疑DLT管端发生过深移位。     

弹性义齿修复的临床效果观察

目的：了解弹性义齿修复的临床效果，为临床应用提供参考。方法：152例门诊缺牙患者，制作弹性义齿修复体188件，上颌130件，下颌58件。Kennedy一类缺损修复6件，Kennedy二类缺损修复4件，Kennedy三类缺损修复102件，Kennedy四类缺损修复76件。通过1－4年的观察，从形态和功能、固定和稳定、颜色和美观以及对组织保健判断对义齿的满意程度，并进行临床效果评价。结果：79例95件弹性义齿具有良好的美观效果，颜色满意，感觉舒适，满意和较满意率达100％，Kennedy三、四类缺损修复率为94．74％。弹性义齿对Kennedy一类缺损修复的满意和比较满意率为66．67％；对Kennedy二类缺损修复的满意和比较满意率为50．00％；对Kennedy三类缺损修复的满意和比较满意率为96．15％；对Kennedy四类缺损修复的满意和比较满意率为84．21％。结论：(1)弹性义齿是一种美观、舒适、对基牙预备甚少的可摘局部义齿修复形式。（2）弹性义齿较适合咀嚼压力小而缺牙数目不多的前牙和前磨牙缺失的修复。     

股骨干骨折扩髓腔髓内钉固定对凝血机能和肺换气功能的影响

【目的】探讨股骨干骨折扩髓与不扩髓髓内钉固定对凝血机能和肺换气功能的影响。【方法】 38例股骨干骨折分别采用扩髓 (RFN)和不扩髓 (UFN)髓内钉固定 ,在手术开始前至术后 4 8h内 7个不同时间段监测血小板、纤维蛋白原、凝血酶原时间 (PT)和部分凝血活酶激活时间 (APTT)的变化 ,并动脉血气分析 ,计算肺泡 动脉血氧分压递差 [P(A aDO2 ) ]。【结果】RFN组 ,扩髓后血小板开始减少 ,P(A aDO2 )升高 (P<0 0 5 ) ;髓钉插入后 30min纤维蛋白原减少 ,PT、APTT延长 (P <0 0 5 ) ;UFN组表现出同样的趋势 ;两组中各项指标均在 2 4～ 4 8h内恢复正常 ;动脉血气分析各时间段和组间差异无显著性 (P >0 0 5 )。【结论】扩大髓腔的髓内钉固定 ,和不扩髓相比 ,并不影响肺换气功能 ,对凝血机能的影响是一个自限过程 ,单纯股骨干骨折 ,可耐受扩髓固定手术。     

The discriminative stimulus and subjective effects of d-amphetamine,phenmetrazine and fenfluramine in humans

The discriminative stimulus (DS) and subjective effects of d-amphetamine (AMP), phenmetrazine (PMT) and fenfluramine (FFL) were studied in a group of normal healthy adults. Subjects (N=27) were trained to discriminate between placebo and 10 mg AMP (PO). Fourteen of the subjects (discriminators) reliably learned the discrimination, whereas the other 13 did not. Nearly all discriminators labelled AMP as a stimulant, and AMP, relative to placebo, increased ratings of drug liking and general activity level, and produced typical stimulant-like subjective effects, as measured by the Profile of Mood States, the Addiction Research Center Inventory, and a series of visual analog scales. The discrimination accuracy of discriminators increased as a function of hour after drug ingestion, as did analog ratings of how certain subjects were that their discrimination responses were correct. Discriminators were tested with doses of PMT (25 and 50 mg) and FFL (20 and 40 mg) to determine whether the DS properties of these drugs would substitute for those of AMP. Both doses of PMT consistently substituted for AMP, and PMT produced subjective effects very similar to those of AMP. Conversely, neither dose of FFL consistently substituted for AMP, and FFL produced essentially no subjective effects. These findings are consistent with results from discrimination studies with other species, and provide further evidence of the validity of this procedure for studying the DS properties of drugs in humans. Offprint requests to: L.D. Chait     

Occurrence and Distribution of Bone Tumors in Beagle Dogs Exposed to 90Sr

Radiation-induced bone tumors in beagle dogs exposed to ⁹⁰Sr have been evaluated in terms of their incidence, time of appearance, occurrence as multiple tumors, anatomic distribution, and the influence of sex on their development. Among dogs fed ⁹⁰Sr during skeletal development, the incidence of bone tumors was dose dependent. Tumors thus appeared in 10 of 19 dogs receiving average skeletal doses of 130 Gy, 15 of 60 receiving 97 Gy, 5 of 61 receiving 61 Gy, 2 of 65 receiving 26 Gy, and 1 of 40 receiving 1.3 Gy. No tumors appeared among 66 dogs who received 8 Gy, 78 who received 0.3 Gy, and 80 non-irradiated controls, all of which have been observed for life. Among dogs given a single intravenous injection of ⁹⁰Sr in early adulthood, tumor production was somewhat higher than among ⁹⁰Sr-fed dogs at the same radiation dose: bone tumors were present in 6 of 25 dogs who received 62 Gy and 1 of 20 dogs who received 7.5 Gy. Bone tumors appeared sooner and were more often multiple in animals receiving the higher doses. Long bones were the sites of most of the tumors appearing after the highest dose level. Bones of the head, particularly the mandible, were the predominant site of tumors in the next highest dose level group.     

膝关节镜手术并发症临床分析

1997年1月～2005年12月，我院对324例膝关节疾病患者行关节镜手术治疗，其中23例出现各种并发症。笔者总结分析其产生原因并提出防治措施。     

果酸疗法在痤疮治疗中的应用

目的：评价果酸（羟基乙酸）治疗痤疮的临床疗效和安全性,掌握果酸治疗的适应证及方法。方法：应用浓度为20%、35%、50%、70%的羟基乙酸治疗24例痤疮患者,采用自身前后对照进行疗效观察。结果：23例患者完成治疗。4周后皮损减退率34%,有效率83%;8周后12例患者皮损减退率53%,有效率100%;12周后5例患者皮损减退率69%,有效率100%;炎性皮损减退率高于非炎性皮损。结论：果酸治疗痤疮至少需要4周,且安全有效。