带臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣的应用解剖

目的:为带臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮瓣提供解剖学基础.方法:32例经灌注红色乳胶的成人上肢标本,对臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管等进行了较详细的应用解剖学研究.结果:臂外侧上皮神经在均由腑神经发出,起点横径为1.5±0.4mm,在三角肌深方斜向外下3.6±1.1cm从该肌后缘中1/3浅出肌间隔,分为上支和下支,分布于三角肌后部、外侧部和臂外侧上部.该神经的营养血管起源于旋肱后动脉,起点外径为0.9±0.4mm;其行程、分支和分布均同在神经,供血范因为14.8×9.8cm~2,并与周围的皮动脉存在丰富吻合.结论:带臂外侧上皮神经及其营养血管筋膜皮 瓣可视受区需要设计成游离瓣或旋转瓣,用于修复邻近部位、手或颌面部缺损.     

小儿肝的年龄解剖学研究

分六个年龄组观察了180个(男98,女82)小儿肝的形态、度量、位置及体表投影.小儿肝相对较大,右叶大于左叶,下界位置较低并逐渐上移.在右锁骨中线的肋弓下一般均可触到.小儿肝重随其年龄(身高)的增长而增长,其增长速度相对较慢,尤以Ⅶ组小儿更明显.     

Macroscopic study of the adult thymus

Summary The dissection of. 48 cadaveric specimens has been compared with operative findings for a review of the shape, size and site of this gland in the adult. The structure of the thymic compartment and the relations of the thymus, particularly with the vessels of the superior mediastinum and the base of the neck, were studied. The relative positions of the inferior parathyroid glands and the thymus were identified, with respect to the influence of this topography on the surgery of these glands. The arterial suply to the thymus, which is still very abundant in the adult, presupposes a functional organ whose physiologic involution is slow.

---

Etude macroscopique du thymus de l'adulte

Résumé La dissection de 48 pièces cadavériques, confrontée à des données opératoires, permet de rappeler la forme, la taille et la situation de cette glande chez l'adulte. La constitution de la loge thymique puis les rapports du thymus avec, en particulier, les vaisseaux du médiastin supérieur et la base du cou sont étudiés. Les positions respectives des glandes parathyroïdes inférieures et du thymus avec l'incidence de cette topographie dans la chirurgie de ces glandes, sont précisées. La vascularisation artérielle de la glande, encore très riche chez l'adulte est en faveur d'un organe fonctionnel dont l'involution physiologique est lente.

     

上矢状窦旁桥静脉的显微解剖与影像学观察

目的:通过对上矢状窦(SSS)旁大脑桥静脉的显微解剖、影像学观察及其对照研究,为各种纵裂间手术入路中桥静脉的保护提供基础。方法:分别对30例(60侧)上矢状窦和颈内静脉内灌注蓝色乳胶的成人头颅湿标本、40侧DSA静脉相和16侧CTV进行显微解剖和影像学观察。结果:上矢状窦前部和后部分别有一缺乏桥静脉注入段,显微解剖、DSA和CTV观察上矢状窦旁桥静脉的数量分别为11.2支、8.9支和7.0支,DSA和CTV观察发现桥静脉注入上矢状窦处常显示不清。结论:熟悉和比较上矢状窦旁桥静脉的解剖学和影像学特征有利于各种纵裂间手术入路和手术过程中桥静脉的保护。     

网膜囊上隐窝的CT应用解剖

在42套腹部断面标本及50例整尸上观察到:网膜囊上隐窝呈“V”形间隙围绕肝尾状叶,前界为小网膜及肝左叶,后界是膈,顶由肝冠状韧带或膈形成,下抵胰,左邻食管;在正中矢状面上均出现肝尾状叶,且尾状叶套入或游离于网膜囊上隐窝。这些结果对在 CT 图像上鉴别尾状叶周围的积液及肿块具有重要意义。     

额窦筛窦向眶顶气化的应用解剖

目的:观察额窦、筛窦气房向眶顶气化情况。方法:对60具成人尸体头部标本额窦、筛窦向眶顶气化进行解剖观察,并结合全部标本的鼻窦冠状位CT扫描了解气化情况。结果:120侧标本气化眶顶骨板的有36.7％(44侧),其中气化整个眶顶者36.4％(16侧),气化部分眶顶者63.6％(28侧),气化眶顶的前颅底骨质内侧缘及外侧缘骨壁厚度分别为(0.3±0.1)mm(0.1-0.4mm)和(0.2±0.1)mm(0.1-0.3mm),无气化的前颅底骨质骨壁厚度为(0.9±0.3)mm(0.4-1.8 mm);CT扫描显示额窦、筛窦向眶顶气化结果与解剖观察一致。结论:了解额窦、筛窦气房向眶顶气化情况对预防鼻微创手术颅内及眶内并发症有重要的临床意义。     

上颌窦窦口的形态观察及其临床意义

目的：为了指导鼻内窥镜下功能性上颌窦手术。方法：对６０个头部标本（男３４，女２６）１２０侧进行了上颌窦口及其毗邻结构的观察测量。结果：上颌窦鼻通道的鼻开口口径为平均３．８ｍｍ，上颌窦通道长度为５．６ｍｍ，鼻内开口到前鼻棘连线与鼻底平面夹角为４５．２°，前鼻棘至鼻内开口的距离为３７．０ｍｍ，下鼻甲前端至鼻内开口距离为１９．５ｍｍ，中鼻甲前端至鼻内开口距离为１４．６ｍｍ。结论：上颌窦窦口为管状通道，该处的病变可以导致窦腔炎症，可以进行内窥镜下窦口扩大术，术中应避免损伤眼眶及鼻泪管。     

Topological changes of the human autonomic cardiac nervous system in individuals with a retroesophageal right subclavian artery: two case reports and a brief review

The topological changes of the human autonomic cardiac nervous system in two cadavers with a retroesophageal right subclavian artery (Rersa) were compared with the normal autonomic cardiac nervous system. The following new results were obtained in addition to the conventional deficient finding of the right recurrent laryngeal nerve. (1) Right superior cardiac nerves arising from the superior cervical ganglion were consistently observed in both cadavers, in addition to the right thoracic cardiac nerves along the Rersa. (2) A segmental accompanying tendency of the right cardiac nerves was recognized: the cardiac nerves arising from the sympathetic trunk cranial to the middle cervical ganglia ran along with the right common carotid artery, whereas the cardiac nerves arising from the sympathetic trunk caudal to the vertebral ganglion ran along the Rersa. (3) The right thoracic cardiac nerves, which have never been observed to accompany the normal right subclavian artery, ran along the proximal part of the Rersa. According to previous reports of individuals with the Rersa, a thick right thoracic cardiac nerve is commonly observed instead of a right superior cardiac nerve. However, all the cardiac nerves were recognized in both the individuals described in the present report. Therefore, we strongly disagree with the previous idea that the origin of the right cardiac nerves from the sympathetic trunk and ganglia is shifted caudally in individuals with the Rersa. The topological changes of the autonomic cardiac nervous system in two cases of Rersa also reflected spatial changes of great arteries.     

内窥镜下第三脑室手术的应用解剖

目的 :为神经内窥镜下进行第三脑室手术提供解剖学资料。方法 :对 2 1例成人尸头固定标本进行第三脑室的解剖观察和测量 ,对 9具新鲜尸头进行经室间孔入路神经内窥镜下第三脑室的解剖学观察。结果 :室间孔长径、宽径为 (5 .4± 1.2 )mm、(2 .7± 0 .9)mm ,中间块长径、宽径为 (6.8± 2 .3 )mm、(3 .8± 1.0 )mm ,前后联合间距 (2 1.8± 2 .1)mm ,前、后联合到中间块为 (6.3± 0 .8)mm、(8.8± 1.3 )mm ,前后联合中点处第三脑室高度 (13 .8± 1.4)mm ,室间孔下、后联合前及中间块上、下第三脑室宽度分别为 (6.3±2 .2 )mm、(4 .9± 1.8)mm、(3 .4± 1.6)mm和 (4 .3± 1.8)mm ,中间块上、下最小高度为 (4 .4± 1.3 )mm和(4 .3± 1.3 )mm。内窥镜可较清晰显示第三脑室内结构 ,但中间块可影响显露。结论 :内窥镜下经室间孔入路进行第三脑室手术有一个理想的操作空间。     

The Etruscan skulls of the Rostock anatomical collection — How do they compare with the skeletal findings of the first thousand years B.C.?

Seven Etruscan skulls were found in Corneto Tarquinia in the years 1881 and 1882 and were given as present to Rostock's anatomical collection in 1882. The origin of the Etruscans who were contemporary with the Celts is not yet clear; according to Herodotus they had emigrated from Lydia in Asia Minor to Italy. To fit the Etruscan skulls into an ethnological grid they were compared with skeletal remains of the first thousand years B.C. E. All skulls were found to be male; their age ranged from 20 to 60 years, with an average age of about thirty. A comparison of the median sagittal outlines of the Etruscan skulls and the contemporary Hallstatt-Celtic skulls from North Bavaria showed that the former were shorter and lower. Maximum skull length, minimum frontal breadth, ear bregma height, bizygomatical breadth and orbital breadth of the Etruscan skulls were statistically significantly less developed compared to Hallstatt-Celtics from North Bavaria. In comparison to other contemporary skeletal remains the Etruscan skulls had no similarities in common with Hallstatt-Celtic skulls from North Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg but rather with Hallstatt-Celtic skulls from Hallstatt in Austria. Compared to chronologically adjacent skeletal remains the Etruscan skulls did not show similarities with Early Bronze Age skulls from Moravia but with Latène-Celtic skulls from Manching in South Bavaria. Due to the similarities of the Etruscan skulls with some Celtic skulls from South Bavaria and Austria, it seems more likely that the Etruscans were original inhabitants of Etruria than immigrants.