The Influence of Sagittal Angle of Posterior Malleolus Fracture on Ankle Joint Stability: A Retrospective Study of 120 Cases

Objective

Due to the different force exerted during the posterior malleolus fracture (PMF), the difference in sagittal angle (SA) between the fracture fragments may affect ankle stability. But this aspect is less well studied and the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between SA and the stability of PMF.

Methods

The imaging data of 120 patients with PMFs from January 2014 to November 2022 were collected retrospectively and reconstructed. We first measured SA, posterior fragment area (PFA) and fragment area ratio (FAR), reanalyzing the correlation of SA with PFA and FAR, respectively. To better describe the morphological characteristics of the fracture fragments, we further measured the fragment width diameter ratio (FWR), the fragment length ratio (FLR), fragment height (FH), contact area (CA), and finally carried these data into the regression model of SA versus FAR to conduct the intermediary role.

Results

SA was negatively correlated with PFA(s) (r = −0.583, P < 0.001), with regression equation s = −0.063SA + 3.066; SA was negatively correlated with FAR (r = −0.204, P < 0.05), with regression equation FAR = −0.002SA + 0.198; A significant correlation was found between FWR, FLR, FH, CA and SA (P < 0.05), as well as between FWR, FLR, FH and FAR (P < 0.05); Further intermediary role analysis showed that FWR, FLR, FH had a partial intermediary role between SA and FAR.

Conclusions

As SA increased, PFA and FAR decreased, so the larger the SA was due to the effect of vertical shear force, reflecting higher ankle stability, meanwhile, FWR, FLR and FH should also be considered on the fixation method of fracture fragments.     

修正矢状位年龄校正评分对国人成人脊柱畸形术后发生PJK/PJF预测能力的研究

【摘要】 目的：评价矢状位年龄校正评分（sagittal age-adjusted score，SAAS）和以国人年龄匹配脊柱为基线修正的SAAS评分（M-SAAS）预测国人成人脊柱畸形（adult spinal deformity，ASD）术后发生近端交界性后凸/失败（proximal junctional kyphosis/failure，PJK/PJF）的能力。方法：收集来自我院影像学系统66例年龄匹配脊柱-骨盆序列的受试者资料，其中男性28例，女性38例，年龄54.7±6.2岁，测量骨盆入射角（pelvic incidence，PI）、腰椎前凸角（lumbar lordosis，LL）、骨盆倾斜角（pelvic tilt，PT）以及T1骨盆角（T1-pelvic-angle，TPA）并统计分析年龄与PI-LL、PT以及TPA的线性回归方程，将公式记为M-SAAS。回顾性分析68例于2017～2021年在我院行脊柱矫形术的ASD患者病历资料，其中男性10例，女性58例，年龄64.0±8.1岁，术后PJK/PJF发生12例。测量PI、LL、PT以及TPA，计算SAAS评分并观察PJK/PJF发生率与评分的匹配程度。将68例ASD患者术后影像学参数代入M-SAAS，计算M-SAAS评分并观察PJK/PJF发生率与评分的匹配程度。结果：SAAS评分为1.9±2.6分（-4~6分），术后即刻评估为“矫正不足”“匹配”及“过度矫正”的患者分别为5例（7.4%）、25例（36.7%）和38例（55.9%），PJK/PJF发生率分别为40.0%（2/5）、20.0%（5/25）和13.2%（5/38），匹配组PJK/PJF发生率与另两组差异无统计学意义。依据正常脊柱-骨盆序列得M-SAAS线性回归方程为：理想PI-LL=0.47×（年龄-55）+0.3、理想PT=0.44×（年龄-55）+14和理想TPA=0.37×（年龄-55）+9。ASD患者最终M-SAAS分数为0.2±2.8分（-5~5分），术后即刻被评估为“矫正不足”“匹配”及“过度矫正”的患者分别为17例（25.0%）、31例（45.6%）和20例（29.4%），术后PJK/PJF发生率分别为11.8%（2/17）、6.5%（2/31）和40.0%（8/20），“过度矫正”组PJK/PJF发生率高，与“匹配”组差异有统计学意义（P=0.008）。结论：SAAS不适用于对国人ASD患者术后发生PJK/PJF的预测评价，根据国人中老年年龄匹配脊柱-骨盆序列参数关系修正的M-SAAS可预测ASD患者术后发生PJK/PJF的概率。     

Compensation Characteristics of Spinal Sagittal Malalignment According to Pelvic Incidence in Elderly Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Objective

Compensation characteristics of spinal sagittal malalignment according to pelvic incidence (PI) have yet to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the difference in compensatory segments according to PI in elderly patients with degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS).

Methods

This retrospective study included 196 patients (143 females, 53 males) suffering from DLSS with an average age of 66.73 years in our department. Sagittal parameters were obtained on the whole spinal lateral radiograph, including T1-T12 slope (T1S-T12S), Cobb angle (CA) of the functional units of the thoracic spine, thoracic kyphosis (TK), lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic tilt (PT), PI, the ratio of PT to PI (PT/PI), PI minus LL mismatch (PI-LL), sagittal vertical axis (SVA). Patients were divided into the low and high PI groups according to the median value of PI. With reference to the value of SVA and PI-LL, each PI group was further grouped into the balance subgroup (SVA < 50 mm, PI-LL ≤10°), hidden imbalance subgroup (SVA < 50 mm, PI-LL > 10°), and imbalance subgroup (SVA ≥50 mm). Independent samples t-test/Mann–Whitney U test, one-way ANOVA/Kruskal-Wallis test, and Person correlation analysis were utilized for statistical test.

Results

The median value of PI was 47.65°. 96 and 100 patients were assigned to low and high PI groups, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the T8-T12 slope and T10-T12 slope were associated with PI-LL in the high and low PI groups, respectively (all, p < 0.01). For segmental lordosis, T8-9 to T11-12 CA and T10-11 to T11-12 CA were associated with PI-LL in the high and low PI groups, respectively (all, p < 0.01). In the high PI cohort, T8-12 CA and PT increased significantly from the balance to imbalance subgroups (both, p < 0.05). In the low PI cohort, T10-12 CA and PT first increased and then decreased from the balance to imbalance subgroups (both, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

T8-12 was the main compensatory segment of the thoracic spine in patients with high PI, while it was T10-12 in patients with low PI. In addition, the compensation potential of the lower thoracic spine and pelvis in patients with low PI was inferior to those with high PI.     

Ambulatory sagittal split ramus osteotomy: strategy for enhanced recovery after surgery

The sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) has been performed mainly on an inpatient basis because of the duration of anaesthesia and the potential risk of postoperative complications, such as bleeding, pain, nausea, and vomiting. However, advances in both surgical and anaesthetic management have enabled the reduction of these risks and shortened the length of hospital stay. Thus, the SSRO may be feasible even in the ambulatory setting in elective cases. The clinical records of all patients who underwent an outpatient SSRO between August 2011 and September 2020 at Lilla Craniofacial Clinic were reviewed retrospectively. Data on age, sex, duration of surgery, operative procedures, intraoperative bleeding, and admission status were investigated. In total, 143 patients underwent a bilateral SSRO. The SSRO was performed as an isolated procedure in 73 patients and concomitantly with other surgical procedures in the remaining 70 patients. Overall, 142 of the 143 patients were discharged on the day of surgery (99.3%); only one (0.7%) required an overnight stay because of a submental haemorrhage after genioplasty. No emergency hospitalizations or readmissions occurred after discharge. Multimodal perioperative management, both surgical and anaesthetic, facilitated enhanced patient recovery after surgery, and SSRO was performed successfully and safely as an ambulatory procedure.     

颈后路经肌间隙入路“升顶式”椎管扩大椎板成形术后早期颈椎矢状面平衡的变化

【摘要】 目的：探讨颈后路经肌间隙入路“升顶式”椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病（cervical spondylotic myelopathy，CSM）的早期临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析2013年8月~2020年9月我院采用颈后路椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗的75例多节段CSM患者，其中42例患者采用颈后路经肌间隙入路“升顶式”椎管扩大椎板成形术（升顶组），年龄31~79岁（57.2±10.7岁）；33例患者采用传统“关节囊悬吊法”单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术（悬吊法组），年龄48~82岁（67.2±9.6岁）。所有患者于术后3～14个月门诊随访。收集两组患者的住院相关基本信息；在术前和末次随访时的颈椎X线片上测量颈椎矢状面平衡参数，包括C0-2 Cobb角、C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7矢状面轴向距离（C2-7 SVA）、C7倾斜角（C7-Slope），同时测量颈椎活动度（ROM）；术前和末次随访时采用改良JOA（mJOA）评分、VAS评分和颈椎功能障碍指数（NDI）评估，计算mJOA评分改善率。结果：两组患者性别、术中出血量和平均随访时间差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。升顶组患者年龄和术后住院天数均小于悬吊法组（P<0.05）。两组术前C0-2 Cobb角、C2-7 Cobb角、C2-7 SVA、C7-Slope和颈椎ROM均无统计学差异（P>0.05），末次随访时升顶组C7-Slope和C2-C7 SVA小于悬吊法组（P<0.05），C2-7 ROM大于悬吊法组（P<0.05）。两组末次随访时mJOA和VAS评分与术前比较均有明显改善，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）；两组间同时间点mJOA和VAS评分比较无统计学差异（P>0.05），mJOA评分改善率亦无统计学差异（P>0.05）。两组末次随访时NDI与术前比较无统计学差异（P>0.05），两组间同时间点比较亦无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：与传统颈后路单开门椎管扩大椎板成形术相比，颈后路经肌间隙入路“升顶式”椎管扩大椎板成形术治疗多节段CSM早期可获得相同神经功能改善效果，且在维持颈椎矢状面平衡及颈椎活动度方面更具优势。