早期乳腺癌术后即时乳房再造术临床分析

目的探讨早期乳癌改良根治术后即时乳房再造的可行性与方法.方法对我院2000年6月～2002年2月收治的21例早期乳腺癌患者行保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术,即时应用单蒂横行下腹直肌肌皮瓣(TRAM flap)乳房再造.结果应用该方法治疗21例患者,术后20例患者双侧乳房形态基本对称,患者满意.全组无腹壁切口疝及TRAM皮瓣完全坏死.结论对于Ⅰ、Ⅱ期的早期乳癌患者,选择保留皮肤的乳腺癌改良根治术后TRAM皮瓣即时乳房再造术,能够满足肿瘤治疗和形体美容两方面的要求,是一种安全可行的治疗方法.     

Subjective and functional results after total gastrectomy: prospective study for longterm comparison of reconstruction procedures

Background: Many reconstruction procedures have been developed in efforts to resolve patients' complaints after total gastrectomy. However, there have been few reports of longterm comparisons between reconstruction procedures, especially with regard to the prevention of duodenal food passage. This study was undertaken to compare the longterm subjective and functional results among Roux-en-Y esophagojejunostomy (R-Y), R-Y with pouch (P-Y), and jejunal interposition with pouch (P-I) after total gastrectomy. Methods: Consecutive patients requiring curative total gastrectomy were enrolled in this prospective study by the envelope method. Results: Hospital stay was longer following a P-I than an R-Y or a P-Y. Over 50% of R-Y patients complained of heartburn, and 20% of R-Y patients showed dumping syndrome throughout the postoperative period, with this rate being significantly different from rates in the other two groups. P-Y patients complained of early satiety in the late postoperative period, while P-I patients complained of early satiety in the early postoperative period. The nutritional index in P-I patients was higher than those in patients with the other two procedures. Gastrointestinal and hepatobiliary dual scintigraphy (GHDS) showed that the rate of bile reflux with an R-Y was relatively high after surgery. Food reflux with a P-Y was increased (9.4% to 11.1%), but with a P-I food reflux was decreased at 3 years after surgery (13.3% to 9.9%). Patients with a P-Y had a faster recovery of body, weight in the early postoperative period; however, at 5 years after operation, body weight recovery with a P-I was greatest. Conclusion: Reconstruction should be performed with pouch formation after total gastrectomy with curative intent. Received: March 7, 2002 / Accepted: September 26, 2002 Acknowledgments This study was partly supported by the University of Tsukuba Research Project. Offprint requests to: S. Adachi     

会厌瓣在下咽—颈段食管一期重建术中的应用

报告下咽癌切除术后，应用会厌剖开延伸的粘软骨膜瓣修复下咽颈段食管的粘膜缺损8例，术中分别采用会厌瓣和胸骨舌骨肌筋股瓣、会厌瓣和残存下咽粘膜瓣作复合修复，术后恢复良好的吞咽功能，无咽颈瘘发生．临床上虽可应用胃、空肠、结肠和胸大肌肌皮瓣代下咽颈段食管，但手术费时、复杂、病人痛苦大。本术式优点：就近取材，血运丰富，操作简便，成功率高，并发症少。     

复杂指蹼挛缩和皮肤缺损的显微外科重建

目的：研究复杂指蹼挛缩和缺损的显微外科重建技术。方法：应用７种岛状皮瓣和１０种游离皮瓣重建指蹼４４例，其中应用联合移植方法同时重建虎口和拇指８例。结果：皮瓣全部成活，平均经１５个月随访，疗效优２５例，良１７例，可２例。结论：指背和手背岛状皮瓣适合修复小面积指蹼缺损，骨间背侧动脉皮瓣是修复中等指蹼创面的较佳选择，脐旁皮瓣和股前外侧皮瓣能重建大面积和不规则指蹼缺损。本组经验显示，缝合皮神经的皮瓣疗效稍优，趾蹼皮瓣重建的指蹼综合效果最佳，联合移植能有效地一期再造拇指和指蹼。     

颅底恶性肿瘤切除术后组织缺损一期修复的探讨──附18例报告

目的：为解决颅底恶性肿瘤的广泛切除或根治性切除术后所致的颅底骨与软组织缺损，预防此缺损所致的颅内感染，脑脊液漏等并发症。方法：在术中应用了斜方肌下部岛状肌皮瓣，胸大肌下部岛状肌皮瓣，颞肌复合组织瓣等各种修复方法分别对18例患者进行了一期修复。结果：修复成功率73．2％（13例），术后并发症27．8％（5例）.结论：根据组织缺损的不同大小、范围、程度、部位和不同的手术入路来选择不同的修复方法，关系到手术成败。     

肺动脉重建在肺癌切除术中的应用

１９９３年７月～１９９７年５月间，在１７例肺癌患者手术中进行了肺动脉切除和重建。肺动脉袖状切除１２例，侧壁切除５例。同时作总支气管袖状切除１０例，楔形切除２例，残端成形１例，上叶支气管移位吻合２例。１例双袖状右上中联合肺叶切除后，又切断下肺静脉。下叶肺置于肝素溶液中（１２５００Ｕ／５００ｍｌＮＳ），１５ｍｉｎ后将下肺静脉移植于上叶静脉残端，再作支气管、肺动脉吻合。随访１～４４个月，无手术近期死亡。术后１３个月死于心肺衰竭１例，１２、１７、１８、１９个月各有１例死于肿瘤复发，余１２例生存良好，最长存活４４个月。作者认为当肿瘤或（及）肿大淋巴结环绕肺动脉或其分支起始部时，则应行肺动脉切除和重建，其必要性和可行性均在术中确定。双袖状右上中肺联合肺叶切除术中，当总支气管或肺动脉切除过长时可将下肺静脉移植于上肺静脉残端以缓解吻合口张力，作者主张围手术期应行抗凝治疗。     

男性外生殖器恶性肿瘤大块切除后缺损区的修复

目的 对局部晚期的男性外生殖器恶性肿瘤大块切除后缺损区的修复.方法 对本组11例患者行病灶广泛切除及淋巴结清扫后,运用筋膜皮瓣、腹直肌岛状肌皮瓣、臀大肌及阔筋膜张肌复合肌皮瓣进行缺损区修复,重点介绍了腹直肌岛状肌皮瓣的切除方法.结果 11例患者中10例患者修复区Ⅰ期愈合,1例延期愈合.结论 根据缺损程度选择合适的皮瓣是手术成功的关键.     

Myocutaneous v/s micro vascular free flaps in oral cavity reconstruction - a comparative study

Micro vascular free tissue transfer scores over the traditional myocutaneous flaps by providing better cosmesis and function. However, the increased operating tine and costs and the necessity for two operating teams sometimes, negate these advantages and even where this facility is freely available, myoentancous flaps continue to be widely used. To determine the ideal choice of reconstruction in patients after oral resection, we compared our experience with these two methods of reconstruction. Since 1997, when we first started micro vascular reconstruction, 17 patients have undergone this procedure for oral reconstruction. During this same period, 40 patients had pectoralis major myocutaneous flap reconstruction of the oral cavity. These two groups are compared with regard to cosmetic and functional results (as measured by patient’s level of satisfaction) operating time, duration of hospitalization, cost and complications. Results: Eightv seven percent of the patients in the micro vascular group and 75% in the myocutaneous group were satisfied with the cosmetic and functional results. In the microvascular group, average operating time was increased by 4 hours; hospitalization by 3 days and average cost of treatment was doubled. Flap failures and re-explorations were significantly higher in the micro vascular group. Based on these results, we would like to suggest the ideal method of reconstruction of the oral cavity in specific subgroups of patients in a corporate hospital setting.     

关节镜下半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带

目的总结膝关节镜下半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱重建前交叉韧带的方法及疗效,分析其优、缺点。方法2004年1月～2005年10月应用半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建前交叉韧带22例,术前和术后进行Lachman试验评估膝关节的稳定性,用Lysholm评分方法评定膝关节功能。结果随访6～24个月,平均(16.0±10.3)个月,术前Lachman试验均为阳性,术后20例为阴性,2例为阳性,术前、术后比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=42.50,P<0.01);术前Lysholm评分40～85分,平均(56.36±10.20)分,术后70～100分,平均(92.76±11.20)分。术后膝关节功能有明显改善(t=3.14,P<0.01)。结论半腱肌腱、股薄肌腱和微型纽扣钢板重建前交叉韧带具有移植物强大、操作简单、并发症少、近期疗效满意等优点。     

胰十二指肠切除术消化道重建方式的探讨

目的探讨降低胰十二指肠切除术后并发症的措施。方法回顾分析1998年1月~2004年12月,34例行胰十二指肠切除术患者的临床资料。29例患者采用胰十二指肠切除术消化道的重建:胰管-黏膜端侧胰肠吻合;对胰腺组织较软、胰管较细的5例患者,采用端-端胰肠套入吻合。胆道重建采用肝总管空肠端-侧吻合。胃肠的重建采用Roux-en-Y胃空肠吻合。结果住院病死率为零。发生术后并发症:切口感染4例(12%),胃排空延迟1例(3%),肺炎1例(3%),腹腔内积液1例(3%)以及胰肠吻合口漏1例(3%)。胰漏经保守治疗后痊愈。无腹腔内出血、腹腔内脓肿和其他吻合口漏发生。术后平均随访21个月(6个月~5年),临床上未出现脂肪痢样腹泻、胆汁返流性胃炎、胃肠吻合口溃疡、胆道逆行感染和倾倒综合征的表现。术后无新增的糖尿病患者。结论采用恰当的消化道重建方式可以有效地减少胰十二指肠切除术后并发症。