后路脊柱全内镜结合类固醇激素鞘内注射手术治疗腰椎间盘突出症

目的探讨腰椎间盘内镜技术(microendoscopic disectomy,MED)结合类固醇激素神经根鞘内注射治疗腰椎间盘突出症的效果。方法 2010-02—2012-12收治的60例腰椎椎间盘突出患者随机分为MED组30例,行MED手术,MED神经根鞘内注射组治疗30例,行MED手术并在神经根鞘杰注入5 mg地塞米松。记录两组手术前后疼痛视觉模拟量表(visualanalogue scale,VAS)评分、直腿抬高角度及术后恢复正常工作的时间,术中、术后并发症发生情况。结果与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后VAS评分明显减低,直腿抬高角度明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与MED组比较,MED神经根鞘内注射组患者治疗后VAS评分及直腿抬高角度的改变更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);MED神经根鞘内注射组患者治疗后恢复正常工作时间明显短于MED组患者(P0.05);MED神经根鞘内注射组患者出现2例并发症,发生率6.7%,术中硬脊膜撕裂并出现脑脊液漏1例,术后因侧隐窝减压不充分和瘢痕粘连再手术1例;MED组患者出现切口感染1例,发生率为3.3%(P0.05)。结论后路脊柱显微内镜结合鞘内注射类固醇激素治疗腰椎椎间盘突出,能显著改善术后疼痛、恢复肢体活动范围及更早的恢复日常生活。     

MED与微创TLIF治疗伴Modic改变的腰椎间盘突出症的对比研究

目的：对比分析椎间盘镜下髓核切除术（MED）与微创经椎间孔腰椎椎间融合术（TLIF）治疗伴Modic改变的腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析2003年9月至2008年12月解放军第188医院收治的59例伴Modic改变腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料,其中MED组30例、微创TLIF组29例,对比两组疼痛视觉模拟量表（VAS）评分和Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）评分的差异。结果59例患者均获得有效随访,随访时间0.5～5年,平均随访时间3年2个月。两组患者术后切口均获Ⅰ期愈合,无椎间隙感染和神经功能损伤。MED组术后5例复发,均表现为下腰痛伴下肢放射性疼痛,MRI检查证实为原位椎间盘再次突出,后采用TLIF术治愈;微创TILF组术后无复发,X线片检查示所有患者骨性融合。术前两组患者VAS及ODI评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。末次随访时,两组患者VAS及ODI评分均较术前显著下降（P＜0.05）;微创TLIF组明显优于MED组,两组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论与MED比较,微创TLIF治疗伴Modic改变的腰椎间盘突出症具有复发率低、疼痛缓解理想、功能恢复快等优势。     

Case report: The operation for the lumbar disk herniation just after cesarean delivery in the third trimester of pregnancy

INTRODUCTION

Low back pain is common during pregnancy. However, the incidence of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation during pregnancy is very rare. We report a case of lumbar disc herniation underwent discectomy just after cesarean delivery in the third trimester of pregnancy.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 33-year-old woman presented at 32 weeks gestation. She had a low back pain and the left-sided leg pain below the knee. At 34 weeks gestation, she had severe weakness of the left extension halluces longus, left ankle dorsiflexion. MRI showed a large disc herniation at L4/5 expanded to the spinal canal more. The cesarean delivery was performed in the supine position. The patient was then turned to a prone position, and a left L4/5 discectomy was performed. But the day after surgery, she had a severe low back pain and the right leg pain below the knee. MRI showed a disc herniation at L4/5 on the right side of the spinal canal. At 6 days after the first surgery, a right L4/5 discectomy was performed. In the immediate postoperative period, the patient experienced complete relief of the right leg pain.

DISCUSSION

It is necessary to cooperate with a pediatrician, an obstetrician, and an anethesiologists. For obtaining the best outcome on mother and child, it is important to discuss in advance to be able to respond quickly for changeable situation.

CONCLUSION

It is necessary to conduct the operation under pregnancy in consideration of the great influence on mother and child.     

经横突间入路显微内窥镜下髓核摘除术治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症

目的：探讨经横突间入路显微内窥镜下髓核摘除（MED）治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法：对2005年2月至2010年2月经横突间入路显微内窥镜下髓核摘除治疗的极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症73例患者进行回顾性分析,其中男41例,女32例;年龄19-80岁,平均56.5岁;病程1-25个月,平均4.5个月。突出间隙：L3,49例,L4,549例,L5S115例。记录术前、术后2周及末次随访时疼痛强度视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAS）,评估患者疼痛缓解情况。采用Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry Disability Index,ODI）评价患者术前和末次随访时躯体功能、行走能力等总体生活质量。结果：所有患者手术顺利完成,手术时间40-115 min,平均50 min;出血量50-150 ml,平均110 ml;切口感染1例,神经根不完全损伤1例。73例均获随访,时间3-8年,平均4.5年。术后VAS及ODI分值均较术前有明显改善（P〈0.01）。结论：经横突间入路显微内窥镜下髓核摘除术是治疗极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症有效可行的方法。     

High resolution in vivo imaging of the lamina cribrosa

The lamina cribrosa (LC) is considered to be the principal site of retinal ganglion cell axon injury in glaucoma. Imaging technology has steadily improved in recent years, allowing greater resolution of fine details of laminar structure. Histological studies have elucidated the details of LC structure, both in normal and glaucomatous eyes, but such studies are limited by smaller sample size, greater difficulty of conducting prospective studies, and possibility of altered tissue architecture during histologic processing. We reviewed the literature describing the LC in primate and human eyes using in vivo imaging devices and provided a brief explanation of the imaging technology and main results of the articles. We also discuss the advantages and limitations of each imaging modality described, including optic disk photography, confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (CSLO) and optical coherence tomography (OCT). These modalities provide en face and/or cross-sectional images of the LC in vivo. Enhanced depth imaging OCT has recently led to important advances in imaging deeper structures of the posterior segment, including the LC. Adaptive optics has been adopted in CSLO and OCT imaging to correct for ocular aberration and has improved resolution and contrast of the LC images. Post-image processing techniques to compensate for light attenuation and enhance contrast in OCT images enabled better visualization of the LC beneath the neuroretinal rim, vascular structures, and scleral rim. Long-wavelength probe OCT has shown good visualization of the LC with improved penetration when combined with swept-source OCT. Contrast agents for enhanced visualization of selective target structures in OCT have been developed. All these technologies hold great promise for improved in vivo imaging of the LC and require further investigation.     

分层射频消融治疗脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症

目的观察分层射频消融治疗脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症的安全性及有效性。方法11例脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症患者,在C形臂X线机引导下行突出物的分层射频消融治疗,温度按“上台阶”方式依次设定为60℃、66℃、70℃、76℃,每次射频时间均为60 s。治疗后1～3个月随防,观测指标包括VAS、麻木、肌力、直腿抬高试验(<70°为阳性),并按改良Macnab标准评定治疗效果。结果9例患者VAS均即刻明显降低,直腿抬高试验较治疗前显著改善,3例有麻木症状的患者在治疗后也有不同程度的减轻,4例伴有运动障碍的患者亦明显改进。按改良Macnab标准评估,优6例,良3例,可1例,差1例,优良率81．8％。除治疗过程中患者述患肢温热感或轻微疼痛及治疗后短暂的腰部酸痛外,无其它不良反应发生。结论分层射频消融治疗脱垂型腰椎间盘突出症,操作简单,疗效确切,安全性好,是不愿接受手术的此种患者可供选择的微创治疗方法之一。     

医用设备硬盘数据保护与恢复方法

本文介绍了几种保护医疗设备计算机硬盘数据的方法,以及恢复硬盘数据的步骤和注意事项,希望籍此为安全和快速地恢复医疗设备计算机硬盘中的数据提供借鉴。     

手术治疗腰椎间盘突出并椎体后缘离断症

目的探讨腰椎间盘突出并椎体后缘离断症的病理改变及影像学诊断依据，提出治疗原则及手术要点。方法对收治的腰腿痛患者进行CT检查，确诊病例不宜牵引推拿治疗。手术采用双侧椎板开窗术式，切尽病变间隙的游离骨块及椎间盘，术后3周戴腰围下地。结果12例患者全部手术治疗，术后疼痛消失。随访1～9年，5例于阴雨天或过劳后腰部有轻微酸痛。1例于术后6年时出现对侧小腿胀痛，无进行性加重。结论腰椎间盘突出并椎体后缘离断症，CT检查最有价值，不宜进行牵引推拿治疗，双侧椎板开窗术式是疗效确切的方法之一。     

补肾健腰合剂抗大鼠椎体软骨终板老化的实验研究

目的：评估补肾健腰合剂抗大鼠椎体软骨终板老化的作用。方法：取22月龄雌性SD大鼠50只,随机分为大剂量补肾健腰合剂组、中剂量补肾健腰合剂组、小剂量补肾健腰合剂组、雌激素组及老龄模型组;另取6月龄雌性SD大鼠10只作为青年对照组,连续给药45天。常规组织切片,HE染色,测量椎体软骨终板血管芽相对面积。结果：椎体软骨终板血管芽相对面积比较,大剂量补肾健腰合剂组和青年对照组明显高于老龄模型组（P〈0.05）;中剂量补肾健腰合剂组、小剂量补肾健腰合剂组、雌激素组虽高于老龄模型组,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：大剂量补肾健腰合剂可以增加椎体软骨终板血管芽面积,延缓椎体软骨终板的老化,可作为椎间盘退变的预防用药之一。