格列齐特片的人体药代动力学及其相对生物利用度研究

建立了ＨＰＬＣ方法测定人血浆中格列齐特的药物浓度。采用反相柱和乙腈甲醇水（１５∶４５∶４０）（ｐＨ３．５）作为流动相，格列吡嗪作为内标，检测波长为λ２２８ｎｍ。研究了１０名健康受试者随机交叉口服某药厂研制的格列齐特片剂和标准参比制剂格列齐特片８０ｍｇ后，用ＨＰＬＣ法测定血浆中药物浓度。估算某药厂研制的格列齐特片和标准参比制剂的生物半衰期分别为９．９２±３．５２ｈ和９．９７±３．４５ｈ，达峰时间分别为３．５０±０．７１ｈ和３．８５±２．２６ｈ，峰浓度分别为５．７８±０．９５μｇ／ｍｌ和６．１４±１．５６μｇ／ｍｌ。以标准参比制剂为对照，用面积法估算的某药厂研制的格列齐特片剂的相对生物利用度为１．０１±０１１。经方差分析和双单侧检验两制剂的ＡＵＣ０４８和ＡＵＣ０∞及Ｃｍａｘ，结果表明两制剂生物等效。     

血浆置换床边治疗重型肝炎临床观察

目的探讨血浆置换(简称PE)床边治疗重型肝炎的临床疗效。方法60例病例采用常规内科治疗加PE治疗,比较PE治疗前后临床症状缓解时间及血生化变化。结果临床症状缓解迅速,黄疸减退,白蛋白、胆碱脂酶升高,PT恢复,补体上升,不影响肾功及电解质。结论PE为重型肝炎一种行之有效的治疗方法。     

LOWER POSTPRANDIAL PLASMA GLUCOSE AND INSULIN AFTER ADDITION OF ACACIA CORIACEA FLOUR TO WHEAT BREAD

Many Australian Aboriginal bushfoods contain slowly digested carbohydrate which elicit low postprandial blood glucose and insulin responses compared to Western foods, such as wheat bread. This study has shown that incorporation of flour made from a slowly digested seed, Acacia coriacea , into wheat bread (18 g/82 g wheat flour) significantly reduces the initial rise in plasma glucose levels ( p < 0.05) and the area under the plasma glucose curve ( p < 0.005) in six healthy subjects. Insulin values were also lowered at 60 minutes ( p < 0.025) and 90 minutes ( p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that Acacia flour, when used to dilute wheat flour in the manufacture of breads, produces a very palatable food which could be useful in the diets of diabetic individuals.     

头皮发际区微针法治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床研究

目的观察头皮发际区微针法治疗糖尿病周围神经病变的临床疗效。方法将60例糖尿病周围神经病变患者随机分为2组。治疗组30例用头皮发际区微针法,每日1次。对照组30例用甲钴胺0.5mg,每日早晚各1次口服。2组均60d为1个疗程,1个疗程后统计疗效,并检测血浆内皮素（ET）和一氧化氮（NO）含量。结果治疗组总有效率86.67%,对照组总有效率90.00%,2组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。2组治疗前后血浆ET和NO含量比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05） 2组治疗前后血浆ET和NO含量差值比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论头皮发际区微针法对于糖尿病周围神经病变患者具有确切疗效,其治疗机制与调节ET和NO平衡失调,改善血液循环状态相关。     

等离子电切治疗前列腺增生症

目的探讨经尿道等离子双极电切治疗前列腺增生症(PKRP)的安全性和疗效。方法回顾分析经尿道等离子双极电切治疗前列腺增生112例,比较术前术后尿流率,前列腺症状评分,残余尿量;记录手术失血量,体重变化,切除前列腺组织重量。结果所有手术顺利完成,切除前列腺重量65±15.5g,手术时间40±7.5min,平均出血量150ml,最大尿流率(Qmax)术前7.4±2.6ml/s术后3个月为18.6±4.6ml/s;国际前列腺症状评分(IPSS)术前生活质量评分22.6分,术后3个月为6.5;残余尿量(RUV)术前>60m1,术后<20ml。结论等离子双极电切治疗前列腺增生症具有安全,有效,经济,技术易于掌握等优点,适合基层医院开展。     

POEMS综合征8例临床分析

目的探讨POEMS综合征发病机制及临床特征，提高对POEMS综合征的诊治水平。方法分析8例POEMS综舍征的一般资料、临床表现、相关的辅助检查、治疗及预后，并结舍文献进行讨论。结果本病是累及多系统的疾病，以周围神经病最具有特征性，肝、脾和（或）淋巴结肿大，内分泌的病变，皮肤改变，水肿及骨髓浆细胞增多比较常见。治疗以激素、免疫抑制剂为主，可结合抗雌激素、放疗的方法，预后差。结论POEMS综合征与浆细胞病关系密切，累及多系统的病变，临床表现复杂多样，应注意多系统的检查，提高临床的诊断水平。     

高敏受者肾移植术前行血浆置换的临床探讨

目的 :探讨高敏受者肾移植术前行血浆置换 (PE)的效果。方法 :12例高敏受者在肾移植术前进行PE治疗 ,37例高敏受者未行PE治疗 ,观察两组肾移植病人排斥反应发生率的差异。结果 :PE组置换前PRA值71.0 %± 19.1% ,置换后 34.3%± 17.9% ,两者有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。术后发生超排 2例 ,急性排斥 2例 ;未行PE组发生超排 2例 ,急性排斥 8例 ,两组间超排和急性排斥的发生率均无显著性差异。结论 :PE对预防超排和降低急性排斥的发生率均无明显作用。PE治疗的主要适应症为PRA大于 80 %的受者 ,能快速降低PRA值 ,有助于HLA抗体特异性分析和HLA配型。     

Pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in children with the nephrotic syndrome

The aim of this study was to establish whether the criteria for the clinical effectiveness of steroids are correlated with the pharmacokinetics of prednisolone in children treated with prednisone during an attack of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS). Thirteen patients with nephrosis were included. Prednisolone, prednisone and cortisol levels were measured using a specific high-performance liquid chromatography assay after an oral dose of 1 mg/kg body weight of prednisone taken at the onset of the disease. All the pharmacokinetic parameters, including the conversion of prednisone to prednisolone were similar to the data already published in children with INS. No correlation was found between the values of pharmacokinetic parameters and criteria of clinical effectiveness. Hypo-albuminaemia was significantly correlated with the area under the plasma-concentration curve but not with the elimination half-life of prednisolone. Moreover, the prednisolone elimination half-life correlated with the urinary exretion of 17-hydroxycorticosteroids achieved in the first 6h. The present study suggests that routine measurements of prednisolone kinetics do not help when assessing the treatment of children with INS.     

Behavioral conditioning of endotoxin-induced plasma iron alterations

The cascade of physiologic mechanisms in response to infection, the acute-phase response, is recognized as playing a major role in host defence. One such response is the hypoferremia that is consistently reported to occur during bacterial infection. This study aimed to determine whether the alterations in plasma iron were conditionable using the conditioned taste aversion (CTA) paradigm. The regime involved the pairing of a novel-tasting saccharin solution with bacterial endotoxin. Seven days after the initial pairing of these stimuli (the test day), the saccharin solution was represented. Animals exposed to this condition displayed a significant reduction in the level of plasma iron. Animals treated with an intraperitoneal dose of 400 μg/Kg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) displayed lower conditioned iron levels than rats infused with 100 μg/Kg LPS; however, this difference was not significant. These results showed that in addition to other acute-phase responses (fever and anorexia), plasma iron alterations are able to be manipulated through behavioral manipulations.     

Infusion clearance of subcutaneous iothalamate versus standard renal clearance

 Accurate, timed urine collections for the measurement of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) may be impractical in infants or in patients with urological abnormalities. GFR may be measured without urine collection using a constant subcutaneous infusion of iothalamate. We compare the infusion clearance with conventional renal clearance in 14 children and young adults. The mean clearance ratio (infusion clearance/renal clearance ± 1 SD) was 0.99±0.1 and the mean discrepancy between the two methods was 8.5%±4.7%. The 95% limits of agreement for the ratio of the two methods are 0.83–1.23. These data indicate that subcutaneous infusion of iothalamate is a practical method for measuring GFR in children without a urine collection. Received March 18, 1996; received in revised form February 12, 1997; accepted March 26, 1997