继发性肝癌的联合治疗

采用手术切除联合术后B超引导肝内门静脉区域化疗（简称PHPC）治疗胃肠道癌异时肝转移24例。随访4～54个月，结果：术后经3个疗程的PHPC，8例已存活肥18～48个月；13例分别经过2～11次的PHPC，已存活5～39p个月；另3例死亡。作者认为，对继发性肝癌采用手术切除配合术后B超引导的PHPC是一种延长患者生存期的有效联合治疗方案。     

Incidence of post-lumbar puncture syndrome reduced by reinserting the stylet: a randomized prospective study of 600 patients

The post-lumbar puncture syndrome (PLPS) can best be explained by prolonged spinal fluid leakage owing to delayed closure of a dural defect. Its incidence after spinal anaesthesia is much lower than after diagnostic lumbar puncture (LP). This difference could be caused by a strand of arachnoid, which might enter the needle with the outflowing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during diagnostic LP and upon removal of the needle be threaded back through the dura to produce prolonged CSF leakage. To find a technique that further reduces the incidence of PLPS, this hypothesis was tested by evaluating the effect that reinserting the stylet before removing the needle had on the incidence of PLPS. By reinserting the stylet to the tip of the needle, the hypothesized strand would be pushed out, thereby reducing the frequency of PLPS. Sprotte’s “atraumatic needle” (21 gauge) was used for LP. A total of 600 patients participated in the prospective study. They were randomized into two groups and questioned about their complaints every day for up to 7 days after the LP. All LPs were performed by two experienced neurologists (T.B., M.S.). In 300 patients, the stylet was reinserted to the tip of the needle; in the other 300 it was not reinserted. Whereas 49 of the 300 patients without reinsertion developed PLPS, only 15 of the 300 patients with reinsertion did. This significant difference (16.3 vs 5.0%, P < 0.005, chi square test) supports our hypothesis. On the basis of our results, we recommend reinserting the stylet before removing the needle in order to reduce the incidence of PLPS. Received: 30 September 1997 Received in revised form: 9 March 1998 Accepted: 20 March 1998     

CT引导下经皮穿刺活检对纵隔占位病变的诊断价值

目的评价CT引导下经皮穿刺活检术在纵隔占位病变中的应用价值和安全性。方法采用弹簧式自动活检枪,在CT精确定位下对纵隔内占位病变行经皮穿刺活检,所获标本送病理组织学检查,并对穿刺准确性、病理确诊率和并发症发生情况进行分析。结果本组33例病灶穿刺成功率100%,病理确诊率85%,无一例发生并发症。结论CT引导下经皮穿刺活检术是一项操作方便,定位精确,穿刺准确率和病理确诊率高,安全可靠的介入放射诊断技术,对纵隔占位病变的定性诊断很有价值,值得临床推广应用。     

Lumbar Puncture Ordering and Results in the Pediatric Population: A Promising Data Source for Surveillance Systems

Background: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is incorporating laboratory data into real-time surveillance systems. When normal patterns of laboratory test orders and results are modeled, aberrations can be detected. Because many test orders are available electronically well before results, atypical patterns of test ordering may signal outbreaks.
Objectives: The authors sought to characterize baseline patterns in the ordering and early results of lumbar punctures, motivated by the possibility of using these data for real-time surveillance for early detection of meningitis or encephalitis outbreaks.
Methods: Retrospective cohorts of pediatric emergency department patients at a single hospital (1993–2003) and from the National Hospital and Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (1992–2000) were used for analysis.
Results: Test ordering exhibits seasonal patterns, with monthly peaks in January and August (p < 0.0001). For the hospital cohort, the rate of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis exhibits seasonal patterns (p < 0.0001), with a peak from August to October. This is strongly associated with the rate and pattern of clinical neurologic disease (p < 0.0001). A long-term secular decline in daily test ordering is evident, dropping from 5.3 to 2.9 in the hospital sample, and from 371.8 to 185.3 in the national sample (p < 0.001). The long-term rate of pleocytosis has declined (p < 0.0001), though the yield of testing for pleocytosis has improved (p = 0.0104).
Conclusions: Laboratory test patterns correspond with those of clinical disease and are a promising source of surveillance data. Using such data for real-time monitoring requires specific adjustments for patient age, periodicities, and secular trends.     

经皮肾穿气压弹道碎石联合体外冲击波碎石治疗上尿路结石

目的 探讨提高上尿路结石碎石成功率的微创治疗方法。方法 采用经皮肾穿微造瘘输尿管镜气压弹道碎石，术中放置双J管，术后配合体外冲击波碎石术(ESWL)治疗上尿路结石48例。结果 结石总排净率为89．1％，结石最小排净率79．2％，无严重并发症发生。结论 该方法结石排净率高，创伤较小，手术并发症少，是上尿路结石较为理想的微创治疗方法。     

不稳定型心绞痛血运重建后氧化和抗氧化指标的动态变化及临床意义

目的　探讨不稳定型心绞痛 (UAP)患者经皮冠状动脉介入治疗后丙二醛和超氧化物歧化酶水平的变化规律及临床意义。方法　连续观察 2 5例不稳定心绞痛患者经皮冠脉治疗术前及术后 1、2 4和 72h血液中丙二醛 (MDA)和超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)的变化。另设单纯行冠脉造影的不稳定型心绞痛患者 2 0例和健康者 2 0名作对照 ,MDA和SOD分别用硫代巴比妥酸法和黄嘌呤氧化酶法测定其血清含量 ,并随访术后 3个月心血管事件的发生情况。结果　MDA在不稳定型心绞痛患者中的浓度明显高于健康者 ,介入治疗后 1h进一步升高 ,持续至 2 4h(P =0 .0 0 1) ,72h回复至术前水平 ;单纯行冠脉造影者 ,术前与术后无明显改变。SOD在不稳定型心绞痛患者中的浓度明显低于健康者 (P〈0 .0 5 ) ,介入治疗后进一步降低。结论　不稳定型心绞痛患者介入治疗后MDA和SOD在 72h内有动态变化 ,可能是术后早期心血管事件的危险因素     

先天性心脏病动脉导管未闭介入治疗及血流动力学变化

目的观察动脉导管未闭经皮心导管封堵术前后右心血流动力学的变化,评价其临床意义。方法对50例动脉导管未闭儿童患者,在进行介入性经皮心导管封堵术治疗前应用X线降主动脉造影测量前,术后经导管检测右心血流动力学指标变化。结果未闭动脉导管最窄处直径(5．6±1．3)mm;术前肺动脉平均压(19．1±2．3)mmHg,左向右分流量平均为(0．41±0．13)l／min,血流分流量占肺循环血流量的比例平均为(0．17±0．03);术后肺动脉平均压(14．4±1．7)mmHg,左向右分流量平均为(0．03±0．01)l／min,血流分流量占肺循环血流量的比例平均为(0．02±0．01),相应数据比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0．05)。结论动脉导管未闭经皮心导管封堵术前后血流动力学会发生改变,肺动脉平均压,左向右分流量以及分流量占肺循环血流量的比例均会不同程度下降,这种改变可以作为评价介入治疗效果的重要指标。     

经皮椎体成形术中骨水泥对老年骨质疏松症患者凝血功能的影响

目的 观察经皮椎体成形术(PVP)中骨水泥对老年骨质疏松症患者凝血功能的影响.方法 于椎弓根穿刺前10 min、注入骨水泥后1、20 min、2 h分别抽血检测11例患者的凝血功能相关指标,包括血浆凝血酶原时间(PT)、活化的部分凝血酶原时间(APTT)、血浆纤维蛋白原(FIB)和鱼精蛋白副凝固实验(3P实验),并汇总数据进行统计学分析.结果 PVP中骨水泥注入后20 min,PT缩短、FIB增高、3P实验阳性率升高(P<0.05),骨水泥注入2 h后基本恢复至注入前水平.除1例患者PTA术后2 h稍高于正常值(126%),其余患者各个时间点的各项指标均在正常参考值范围内.结论 PVP术中注入骨水泥对于凝血功能正常的患者基本安全,但在注入后会产生一过性轻微的高凝倾向.     

Treatment Outcomes in Spontaneous Intracranial Hypotension: Do Epidural Blood Patches Stop the Leaks?

Abstract:   Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is a postural headache syndrome unrelated to dural puncture. Because of the increasing failure of epidural blood patch (EBP) to relieve headache in SIH, we retrospectively investigated the epidemiological features and treatment outcomes in 55 cases of SIH. The study population was stratified by age and sex; continuous variables were compared for differences by t -tests; categorical variables were compared by Chi-squared analysis or Fisher exact tests. Significant differences were identified by P values of 0.05 or less. The mean age of the study population was 44 ± 12 years with a female to male ratio of 1.3:1.0. Men presented with subdural hematomas ( P  = 0.001) more often than women. Meningeal enhancement on contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was the most consistent radiographic finding. Radionuclide cisternography (RC) demonstrated thoracolumbar dural leaks in 16 of 22 patients. EBP failures were more common in patients aged 40 and younger than in older patients ( P  = 0.003). Postural headache from SIH was not uniformly responsive to EBP, and had significant comorbidities, especially in men. The management of postural headache in SIH by other techniques to restore brain position and cerebrospinal fluid dynamics should be investigated.     

Remote-controlled catheter ablation of accessory pathways: results from the magnetic laboratory.

AIMS: This study evaluates feasibility, safety, and efficacy of magnetic remote-controlled accessory pathway (AP) ablation. METHODS AND RESULTS: The novel magnetic navigation system (MNS) (Niobe, Stereotaxis) creates a steerable magnetic field (0.08 T) controlling the distal magnetic tip of an ablation catheter. In conjunction with a catheter advancer system (Cardiodrive, Stereotaxis) remote catheter ablation is enabled. Conventional electrophysiology study identified AP conduction in 59 patients (37 males, 36+/-14 years, 60 APs). First generation 1-magnet tip (1-M) (group I, n=18), second generation bipolar 3-magnet tip (3-M) (group II, n=27), and third generation quadripolar 3-magnet tip catheters (3-M quad.) (group III, n=14) were used for magnetic remote-controlled ablation. Successful AP ablation was achieved in 67% (group I), 85% (group II), and 92% (group III). A significant decrease of median [IQR: Q1-Q3] fluoroscopy time and dosage was observed: 21.2 [12.1-33.8] min, 1110 [395-3234] microGym2 (group I); 6.5 [4.4-15.4] min, 290 [129-489] microGym2 (group II), and 4.9 [3.4-8.0] min, 129 [74-270] microGym2 (group III). Mean procedure time (217+/-67 min; 182+/-68 min, and 172+/-90 min) significantly decreased in group III. Median number [Q1-Q3] of radiofrequency current applications in groups I, II, and III was 4 [2-9], 4 [2-6], and 2 [2-4], respectively. No complications occurred. CONCLUSION: Remote AP ablation is safe and feasible using the novel MNS. Introduction of the 3-magnet quadripolar ablation catheter significantly improved the efficacy of the procedure.