胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根内固定术后螺钉断裂及松动原因探讨

目的:分析和探讨胸腰椎骨折经椎弓根内固定后,椎弓根螺钉断裂及弯曲松动的原因。方法:对胸腰椎骨折行椎弓根内固定术(334例)并发生椎弓根螺钉断裂或弯曲松动的25例患者(33个椎体)的临床资料及随访结果进行分析。结果:经椎弓根内固定后螺钉断裂或弯曲松动的原因有:①螺钉负荷过大。②椎间盘高度的丢失。③内固定物取出过晚。④螺钉本身的设计或质量问题。⑤卧床时间过短。⑥植骨融合的问题。⑦复位不良。结论:对行经椎弓根内固定术的胸腰椎骨折患者,应根据其具体情况,选择设计合理的椎弓根内固定器械,对合并有间盘损伤及伴有脱位的病例应行植骨融合术,术后应至少卧床2￣3个月,在6￣8个月以后根据患者恢复情况尽早取出内固定物,是防止椎弓根螺钉断裂或弯曲松动的有效方法。     

一种新型颈椎椎弓根置钉定位器的研制

介绍一种可三维调节的颈椎椎弓根置钉定位器,该装置作为钻模应用于颈椎椎弓根的钻孔定位,实现个体化置钉。给出了设计原理、使用方法,推导出椎弓根术前影像学数据与定位器钻套调整角的关系,并编制了计算应用软件。进行了功能评价和误差分析。     

Accuracy of Electrode Position in Sphenopalatine Ganglion Stimulation in Correlation With Clinical Efficacy

IntroductionSphenopalatine ganglion (SPG) stimulation is an efficient treatment for cluster headache. The target for the SPG microstimulator in the pterygopalatine fossa lies between the vidian canal and foramen rotundum, ideally two contacts should be placed in this area. However, placement according to the manufacturers recommendations is frequently not possible. It is not known whether a suboptimal electrode placement interferes with postoperative outcomes.Materials and MethodsSPG stimulation was performed in 13 patients between 2015 and 2018 in a single center. Lead location was determined by intraoperative computed tomography scan and correlated with the planned lead position as well as clinical data and stimulation parameters. Patients with a reduction of 50% or more in pain intensity or frequency were considered responsive.ResultsEleven patients (84.6%) responded to SPG stimulation with eight being frequency responders (61.5%). In seven cases, there were less than two electrodes between vidian canal and foramen rotundum, there was no significant correlation with negative stimulation results (p = 0.91). The mean distance of lead location between pre- and postoperative images did not correlate with clinical outcomes (p = 0.84) and was even bigger in responders (4.91 mm vs. 4.53 mm). The closest electrode contact to the vidian canal was in the stimulation area in all but one patient, regardless of its overall distance to canal. The distance of the closest electrode to the vidian canal was, however, not significantly correlated to the percentage of frequency (p = 0.68) or intensity reduction (p = 0.61).ConclusionThere was no significant correlation regarding aberrations of lead position from the planned position with clinical outcome. However, this study might be underpowered to detect such a correlation. The closest electrode contact to the vidian canal was in the stimulation area in all but one patient in the final programming. This indicates that, overall, the lead location does play a crucial role in SPG stimulation for cluster headache.     

无接触无菌技术在妇科病人PICC维护中的应用效果观察

目的:探讨无接触无菌技术在经外周静脉置入中心静脉导管(PICC)日常维护中应用的临床效果。方法:按住院号的单双号把80例病人分成对照组及试验组,对照组使用PICC专门换药包进行PICC导管维护,试验组不使用换药包但执行无接触无菌技术。结果:两组病人在导管维护耗时、使用物料成本方面比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组优于对照组,在并发症发生、病人满意度比较方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:无接触无菌技术用于PICC导管日常维护可以节省护士工作时间及物料消耗。