正常人禁水与垂体加压素试验

本文报告100名正常人禁水与垂体加压素试验结果。正常人禁水后,尿渗透压达到平顶高峰所需时间有个体差异,男女各时间的尿量、尿和血渗透压有显著差别。     

Osmotically powered drug-delivery pump using semipermeable hollow fibre

For the long-term continuous administration of drugs, a new osmotically powered infusion pump using semipermeable hollow fibres has been designed. Sufficient osmotic pressure, of about 980 mmHg, as a driving force the pump was obtained when hypertonic solution made of water-soluble polyethylene glycol (PEG) with 120 gl⁻¹ was used. The prototype pump designed consist of: (i) a drug chamber; (ii) a chamber filled with PEG solution; (iii) a flow-control ring and clamps for flow-adjustment; (iv) a diaphragm bag filled with distilled water. In this pump eight values of the delivery rates ranging from 0 to 20 μl min⁻¹ can be easily adjusted in 2·86 μl min⁻¹ steps by choosing the combinations of three bundles of hollow fibres using the clamps. Fairly good pump charactersitics, including stability for long-term continuous infusion tested in vitro, were obtained. This pump seems to be practically useful for the infusion-therapy of diabetic and hypertensive patients and those with other diseases.     

议渗透压力与渗透浓度

渗透压力和渗透浓度是两个不同的量,前者单位是Pa;后者是mol·L~(-1)。临床上常用的单位Osmol·L~(-1)已被SI废除。     

脐血与母血的某些生物化学指标的测定

分娩时测定46例正常足月新生儿脐血及其母血的钠、钾、氯、钙、磷、葡萄糖、尿素氮、渗透压和渗差。脐血钾、氟、钙、磷高于母血,葡萄糖低于母血,除血钾外,其他各位在两者间均呈正相关,以尿素氮最密切。通过母血,可帮助了解新生儿出生时,除血钾外的其他各指标的情况,将有助于临床工作。     

渗透泵药物传递系统制备技术研究进展

渗透泵药物传递系统由于能够平稳的释放药物,且释药不易受药物的理化性质、病人生理因素及摄入食物的影响,日益受到药学工作者的关注.目前,已经上市销售的渗透泵片数目对比10年前增长了近1倍.该文简述了渗透泵药物传递系统的结构分类、详细介绍了口服渗透泵制备技术近年来的研究进展.     

Characterization of mutations in the two-component histidine kinase gene AbNIK1 from Alternaria brassicicola that confer high dicarboximide and phenylpyrrole resistance

Highly iprodione- and fludioxonil-resistant field and laboratory isolates of A. brassicicola were found to be either moderately sensitive or tolerant to osmotic stress. AbNIK1, a two-component histidine kinase gene, was isolated from a fungicide-sensitive strain. The predicted protein possessed the six tandem amino acid repeats at the N-terminal end, which is a landmark of osmosensor histidine kinases from filamentous fungi. A comparison of the nucleic acid sequences of the AbNIK1 gene from fungicide-sensitive and fungicide-resistant isolates revealed the presence of mutations in six of the seven resistant strains analyzed. Null mutants were all found to be moderately sensitive to osmotic stress, indicating that they are similar to Neurospora crassa Type I os-1 mutants. Only one mutation, corresponding to a single amino acid change within the H-box of the kinase domain, was found in an osmotolerant strain. These results suggest that AbNIK1p participates in osmoregulation and that expression of the fully functional enzyme is essential for dicarboximide and phenylpyrrole antifungal activities.     

老年人尿液电导率参考区间及相关参数的分析

目的调查健康老年人群尿液电导率生物参考值，研究尿液电导率与其他参数的关系及临床应用。方法收集2806名健康老年人随机尿液，年龄≥60岁，检测尿液电导率和渗透压；各种相关疾病老年患者1025例，检测尿液电导率和尿钾（K^＋）、尿钠（Na^＋）、尿氯（C1^-）、尿素（BUN）、尿肌酐（Cr）、尿尿酸（UA）；随机抽取以上尿液标本200例，测定尿比重、尿K^＋、Na^＋、Cl^-、BUN、Cr、UA。结果健康老年人尿液随机电导率为（17．833±7．989）mS／cm，冰点渗透压为（444．910±151．285）mOsm／kg·H2O。冰点渗透压与电导率之间高度相关（r=0．894，P〈0．01）。尿液电导率与渗透压、比重、尿K^＋、Na^＋、Cl^-、BUN、Cr、UA的相关性分别为0．826、0．520、0．646、0．857、0．857、0．240、0．517、0．474，均呈正相关。结论尿液电导率与渗透压呈正相关，是诊断肾浓缩功能新参数。老年人群尿液电导率低于成年人，应建立自己的生物参考值。     

Inhaled ultrasonically nebulized distilled water decreases exhaled nitric oxide in asthma

Abstract Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is increasingly used as a marker of disease activity in asthma. Inhaled hypertonic saline has been shown to induce bronchoconstriction and to decrease eNO in asthmatic subjects, whereas the effects of hypotonic solutions on eNO in these patients have not been studied. To evaluate the effect of ultrasonically nebulized distilled water (UNDW), an indirect hypotonic stimulus, on eNO, 17 asthmatic patients were enrolled and eNO from lower airways was measured by chemiluminescence. UNDW significantly reduced FEV₁ ≥ 20% in 9 subjects (UNDW+), but had no effect in eight patients (UNDW−). Baseline eNO concentration were found to be 51.3 ± 11.1 ppb in UNDW+ and 32.9 ± 7.5 ppb in UNDW− patients, respectively (p = 0.199, NS). UNDW inhalation significantly decreased eNO (from 51.3 ± 11.1 ppb to 31.0 ± 7.1 ppb in UNDW+ (p < 0.020, n = 9) and from 32.9 ± 7.5 ppb to 26.2 ± 7.3 ppb in UNDW− subjects (p < 0.024, n = 8), respectively). eNO percentage reduction in UNDW+ patients was significantly higher compared with UNDW− subjects (−37 ± 4% vs −23 ± 3%, p = 0.021). There was no correlation between FEV₁ changes and eNO percentage decreases in both UNDW+ and UNDW− subjects. In UNDW+ patients, acute bronchodilation induced by salbutamol caused a recovery in both FEV₁ and eNO, though eNO levels remained lower than baseline values. We concluded that UNDW inhalation can significantly decrease eNO in asthmatic patients, either responders or nonresponders to this indirect osmotic challenge; the reduction in eNO levels was only partly dependent on acute changes in airway caliber.