摆幅可调型足部康复机器人的生物力学特性分析

目的基于人机工程学和生物力学仿真技术,对人体肌肉进行生物学评价,研究摆幅可调型足部康复机器人的康复策略。方法在Any Body中建立人体和摆幅可调型足部康复机器人的人机耦合模型,并对耦合模型进行运动学仿真,将仿真结果与理论计算结果相比,验证耦合模型的可靠性;再利用Any Body中的参数研究机制对验证后的耦合模型进行生物力学仿真,以足部康复机器人的运动速度和摆幅为变量,分析在不同变量组合下的肌肉活动度和肌肉力。结果在康复运动中足部相关肌肉的拉伸性能得到有效训练,不同的运动速度和摆幅对肌肉的影响不同,并得出运动速度和摆幅调节的安全范围。结论实现了不同运动速度和摆幅下肌肉活动度和肌肉力的组合分析,研究结果对足部康复机器人的临床应用和被动康复模式下康复策略的制订具有一定指导意义。     

双膝骨关节炎对女性老年人踝关节策略动态平衡能力的影响

目的 探索双膝骨关节炎（knee osteoarthritis, KOA）对女性老年人踝关节策略动态平衡能力的影响。方法 采用动态平衡能力测试仪测试KOA患者（KOA组）和一般老年人（对照组）平衡得分、旋转速度、最大旋转速度、目标球在各区域的停留时间百分比等指标,并进行对比分析。结果 KOA组的平衡得分低于对照组;KOA组在水平方向上的动态平衡控制能力与对照组基本一致,但是在垂直方向上的动态平衡控制能力弱于对照组。双KOA降低了女性老年人踝关节策略动态平衡能力,它不会影响女性老年人的左右对称平衡能力,但是会降低其前后对称平衡能力。结论 双KOA女性老年人可能更容易向前或者向后跌倒,不容易发生侧向跌倒。对双KOA女性老年患者,可以通过增强踝关节力量、本体感觉、反应能力等方法,防范动态平衡能力降低可能导致的跌倒,尤其是前后方向的跌倒。     

护理本科新生考试焦虑与应对方式

目的 了解护理本科新生考试焦虑及应对方式情况,探讨其考试焦虑与应对方式的关系.方法 采用中文版Sarason 考试焦虑量表、简易应对方式量表对某医学院校383名护理本科新生进行调查.结果 护理本科新生考试焦虑得分为(16.25±6.33),考试焦虑检出率为56.84％,有高度考试焦虑者25.26％.有考试焦虑者消极应对得分高于无考试焦虑者(t=-3.26,P＜0.01),积极应对得分低于无考试焦虑者(t=3.12,P＜0.01),同时考试焦虑与积极应对存在负相关(r=-0.20,P＜0.01),与消极应对存在正相关(r=0.31,P＜0.01).结论 护理本科新生存在着较明显的考试焦虑,有考试焦虑者多倾向于采取消极应对方式,而无考试焦虑者多采取积极应对方式,考试焦虑与应对方式存在相关性.     

新生儿葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶缺乏症筛查与早期干预

目的探讨本地区新生儿葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶（G6PD）缺乏症的发病规律,采取干预措施,预防由于G6PD缺乏而引起的一系列疾病的发生,有效保护新生儿健康。方法采集新生儿出生72h后滤纸干血样,用微量连续流动荧光法测定G6PD含量,阳性者采集静脉血测定G6PD／6PGD比值确诊。结果334882例新生儿G6PD缺乏症筛查实验阳性112例,确诊实验阳性110例,符合率为98．2％;全市新生儿G6PD缺乏症发病率为3．3／万,男、女发病率分别为5．4／万和0．15／万,有显著性差异（χ^2=66．83,P〈0．01）;梁山县显著高于全市平均发病率（9．4／万,χ^2=31．48,P〈0．01）,市中区显著低于全市平均发病率（1．0／万,χ^2=10．53,P〈0．01）。新生儿G6PD缺乏症患儿父亲均为山东籍贯,母亲山东籍贯69例,外省籍贯41例,其中广西22例（53．7％）、四川6例（14．6％）、云南4例（9．8％）、贵州3例（7．3％）、广东2例（4．9％）、海南、江西、湖北、福建各1例（2．4％）。父母为济宁市本地居民的新生儿G6PD缺乏症发生率为2．0／万,梁山县仍显著高于全市平均发病率（4．7／万,χ^2=9．83,P〈0．01）,市中区仍显著低于全市平均发病率（0．6／万,χ^2=7．20,P〈0．01）。110例患儿中,36例出现新生儿黄疸,其中11例为重度黄疸,25例为中轻度黄疸,母亲为山东和外省籍贯的黄疸发生率分别为26．6％和46．3％（χ^2=4．77,P〈0．05）。通过早期对患儿黄疸的治疗和对家长的健康教育,无1例出现核黄疸和智能发育障碍。结论本地新生儿G6PD缺乏症发病率低于南方地区,G6PD缺乏症高发区人口流入,可增加本地该病的发生率．对患儿黄痘旱期治疗和家长健康教育,可避免因核黄疸引起的患儿死亡或智能发育障碍．     

Effects of a computerized decision support system on care planning for pressure ulcers and malnutrition in nursing homes: An intervention study

BackgroundNursing documentation is essential for facilitating the flow of information to guarantee continuity, quality and safety in care. High-quality nursing documentation is frequently lacking; the implementation of computerized decision support systems is expected to improve clinical practice and nursing documentation.AimThe present study aimed at investigate the effects of a computerized decision support system and an educational program as intervention strategies for improved nursing documentation practice on pressure ulcers and malnutrition in nursing homes.Design, setting and participantsAn intervention study with two intervention groups and one control group was used. Fifteen nursing homes in southern Norway were included. A convenience sample of electronic healthcare records from 46 units was included. Inclusion criteria were records with presence of pressure ulcers and/or malnutrition. The residents were assessed before and after an intervention of a computerized decision support system in the electronic healthcare records. Data were collected through a review of 150 records before (2007) and 141 records after the intervention (2009).MethodsThe nurses in intervention group 1 were offered educational sessions and were trained to use the computerized decision support system, which they used for eight months in 2008 and 2009. The nurses in intervention group 2 were offered the same educational program but did not use the computerized decision support system. The nurses in the control group were not subject to any intervention. The resident records were examined for the completeness and comprehensiveness of the documentation of pressure ulcers and malnutrition with three data collection forms and the data were analyzed with non-parametric statistics.ResultsThe implementation of the computerized decision support system and the educational program resulted in a more complete and comprehensive documentation of pressure ulcer- and malnutrition-related nursing assessments and nursing interventions.ConclusionThis study provides evidence that the computerized decision support system and an educational program as implementation strategies had a positive influence on nursing documentation practice.     

Multidrug-resistant bacteria in geriatric clinics,nursing homes,and ambulant care – Prevalence and risk factors

Colonization/infection with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae, is an increasing problem not only in hospitals but also in long-term care facilities. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence as well as the risk factors of colonization/infection with MRSA, VRE, and ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae in geriatric clinics, nursing homes, and ambulant care in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. 288 patients from 2 geriatric clinics (n = 46), 8 nursing homes (n = 178), and 2 ambulant care facilities (n = 64) as well as 64 staff members were screened for MDRB in the time period from October 2006 to May 2007. 58 patients (20.1%) and 4 staff members (6.2%) were colonized with MDRB. Among patients, 27 (9.4%) were colonized with MRSA, 11 (3.8%) were screened positive for VRE, and 25 (8.7%) were found to be colonized with ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae. Prevalence of MDRB in geriatric clinics, nursing homes, and ambulant care facilities were 32.6%, 18.5%, and 15.6%, respectively. Significant risk factors for MDRB were immobility (OR: 2.7, 95% CI: 1.5–4.9; p = 0.002), urinary catheter (OR: 3.1, 95% CI: 1.7–5.9; p < 0.001), former hospitalization (OR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.0; p = 0.033), and wounds/decubiti (OR: 2.3, 95% CI: 1.5–4.9; p = 0.03). Finally, the high level of MDRB in geriatric clinics, nursing homes, and ambulant care points to the importance of these institutions as a reservoir for dissemination.     

PICC置管并发症的预防及护理研究进展

PICC目前在临床上主要用于为危重症患者提供中长期的静脉输液,尽管它为患者提供了相对安全的静脉通路,但受多种因素的影响,PICC置管后极易引发多种并发症。本文对PICC置管后常见并发症的发生原因进行了综述,并探讨了相应的预防与护理措施,以期提高我国护理人员对PICC置管并发症的认知与重视,预防并减少PICC置管后并发症的发生。     

基于德尔菲法和层次分析法构建护理模拟教学质量评价指标体系

目的构建护理模拟教学质量评价指标体系,确定各指标权重。方法于2018年1月1日成立研究小组,基于大量文献资料和Jeffries仿真理论模型构建护理模拟教学质量评价指标体系初稿,应用德尔菲法对27名专家进行2轮咨询。计算专家的积极系数、权威系数、肯德尔和谐系数和意见集中程度。采用层次分析法确定指标体系的各指标权重。结果2轮专家咨询的有效问卷回收率分别为96.30%和100.00%,专家权威系数为0.89。第2轮专家咨询中二、三级指标的肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.515和0.589,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。最终构建的护理模拟教学质量评价指标体系包括5个一级指标,14个二级指标和62个三级指标。结论护理模拟教学质量评价指标体系的权重分配是科学可靠的,该体系对高质量的护理模拟教学具有指导意义,是评价护理学模拟教学质量的有效工具。     

中医情志干预联合微信宣教在肺癌化疗患者中的应用

目的 探讨中医情志干预联合微信平台在肺癌化疗患者中的应用效果。方法 选择2017年5月-2019年2月在我院行化疗治疗的肺癌患者102例作为研究对象,采用随机数字法将其分为对照组和观察组,各51例。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上采用中医情志护理联合微信平台干预,干预4个周期后,比较2组自我感受负担、应激反应及治疗依从性。结果 干预后,观察组社交性负担、情感性负担、发展受限负担、时间依赖负担、身体性负担评分及血清皮质醇(Cor)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)及血管紧张素II(AngII)水平均低于对照组(P<0.05);按时化疗、按指导饮食、并发症预防、康复锻炼、定期复查依从性均高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 中医情志干预联合微信平台用于肺癌化疗患者中能改善患者自我感受负担,降低应激反应,提高治疗依从性,值得推广应用。     

基于多学科协作团队的急救护理路径在创伤性休克患者中的应用

目的:探讨基于多学科协作团队(MDT)的急救护理路径在创伤性休克患者中的应用效果。方法:选取2018年1月—2019年12月连云港市第一人民医院急诊抢救室收治的创伤性休克患者200例为研究对象。其中2018年1—12月收治的112例患者为对照组,给予常规急救护理措施;2019年1—12月收治的108例患者为观察组,实施基于MDT的急救护理路径。比较两组患者院内抢救反应时间、抢救结果和家属满意度差异。结果:观察组患者抢救介入时间为(8.4±5.8)min,急诊停留时间为(15.0±4.3)min,术前准备时间为(10.4±3.2)min,低于对照组的(14.1±6.7)、(19.7±4.1)、(13.6±3.5)min,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组抢救成功率高于对照组(90.7%vs.73.2%)、患者多器官功能障碍综合征发生率低于对照组(7.4%vs.17.0%)、窒息发生率低于对照组(4.6%vs.13.4%),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者家属满意度评分高于对照组[(40.8±3.6)vs.(37.4±3.8)分],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于MDT的急救护理路径可缩短创伤性休克患者的院内抢救反应时间,提高抢救成功率和患者家属满意度,降低并发症发生率。