生理盐水肠道冲洗辅助治疗真菌性肠炎效果观察

目的 探讨生理盐水肠道冲洗辅助治疗真菌性肠炎的疗效。方法 将72例真菌性肠炎患者随机分为观察组和对照组各36例，对照组行常规治疗，观察组在此基础上予以温生理盐水（38～41℃）500～7000ml持续肠道冲洗，3～6h／次，1次／d，治疗1～3次。结果 观察组治疗后肠道pH值显著低于治疗前及对照组治疗后（均P〈0．01），治愈率显著高于对照组（P〈0．01）。结论 对真菌性肠炎腹泻患者在常规治疗的基础上，辅以温生理盐水肠道冲洗可显著改善肠道环境，提高治愈率。     

超声引导下犬肝注射醋酸高渗氯化钠混合液对射频消融毁损体积的影响

目的探讨超声引导下活体犬肝注射不同剂量的醋酸高渗氯化钠液(acetic acid hypertonic saline solution,AHS)后行射频消融(RFA),观察犬肝一次性毁损体积的变化。方法使用LDRF-120S多极RFA系统联合AHS对活体犬肝行RFA。健康成年杂种犬30只,随机分为5组(n=6)。A组:注射2ml AHS后立即行RFA;B组:注射2ml AHS后延时5min行RFA;C组:注射4ml AHS后立即行RFA;D组:注射4ml AHS后延时5min行RFA;E组:注射6ml AHS后立即行RFA。结果5组间平均起始阻抗差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);5组间平均消融时间差异有统计学意义(F=83.831,P<0.001),LSD-t检验分析各组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001),在观察范围内E组平均消融时间最长;5组间平均毁损直径差异有统计学意义(F=53.488,P<0.001),在观察范围内E组平均毁损直径最大,LSD-t检验分析除D与E组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其余各组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.001);网状纤维染色显示凝固坏死区及其邻近的正常肝组织均可见血管内血栓形成;E组在AHS注射过程中出现不同程度的外溢;A、B、C及D组14d内无动物死亡,E组死亡4只。结论活体犬肝局部注射AHS4ml后延时5min行RFA即可达到较理想的毁损体积。     

精神病人与正常人戒烟前后焦虑抑郁症状的对照研究

目的　了解精神病人和正常人戒烟前后精神状况的变化及差异性 ,探讨戒烟措施。方法　对 71例精神病人和 5 0例正常人戒烟前及戒烟后 1周分别应用汉密顿焦虑量表 (HAMA)、汉密顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、焦虑自评量表 (SAS)、抑郁自评量表 (SDS)、简明精神病量表 (BPRS )进行测评。结果　精神病人强制性戒烟前HAMA、HAMD、SAS、SDS、BPRS分值分别为 (8.2 1± 6 .4 1)、(7.6 4± 5 .71)、(36 .81± 7.14 )、(33.71± 7.1)、(2 9.4 5± 8.4 7) ;戒烟后HAMA、HAMD、SAS、SDS、BPRS分值分别为 (16 .4 5± 6 .34)、(19.73± 8.71)、(5 8.1± 12 .12 )、(5 6 .31± 11.4 )、(37.32± 7.95 ) ;戒烟前后 5种量表分值变化与正常人戒烟前后分值变化比较有极显著性差异(P <0 .0 1)。结论　对精神病人强制性戒烟可引起明显的情绪反应 ,应适宜控制病人吸烟 ,建立一个合理的管理制度     

Triterpenoid saponins, new metalloprotease snake venom inhibitors isolated from Pentaclethra macroloba.

We report here the antiproteolytic and antihemorrhagic properties of triterpenoid saponin inhibitors, named macrolobin-A and B, from Pentaclethra macroloba, against Bothrops snake venoms. The inhibitors were able to neutralize the hemorrhagic, fibrin(ogen)olytic, and proteolytic activities of class P-I and P-III metalloproteases isolated from B. neuwiedi and B. jararacussu venoms. Clotting and fibrinogenolytic activities induced by snake venoms and isolated thrombin-like enzymes were partially inhibited. Furthermore, the potential use of these inhibitors to complement antivenom therapy as an alternative treatment and/or used as molecular models for development of new therapeutical agents in the treatment of snake bite envenomations needs to be evaluated in future studies.     

高渗盐液和抗休克裤合并应用对大鼠早期休克的影响

采用高渗盐液，抗休克裤及两者联用纠正大鼠早期失血性休克。结果显示，单独使用ＡＳＴ，仅见动脉血压短时间回升，而单用ＨＴＳ，血压则明显回升。若先用ＡＳＴ，再注入ＨＴＳ，也能取得明显效果。失血休克大鼠血浆纤维连接蛋白水平显著降低，各组之间均无差异血浆脂质过氧化物－丙二醛的含量明显增加，且在ＨＴＳ组，ＨＴＳ＋ＡＳＴ组与ＮＳ对照组之间有显著差异。     

Chronic modifications of lung and heart development in glucocorticoid-treated newborn rats exposed to hyperoxia or room air

We assessed the mechanics and morphology of the lung in 165 rats treated neonatally with either room air (RA), O₂, RA + steroids, or O₂, + steroids. Newborn Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to these groups. O₂,-exposure (0.96-1.0 FiO₂ lasted 5 days, and dexamethasone treatment consisted of eight daily S.C. injections of drug or buffer in successive doses of 0.5,0.4.0.3,0.2,0.1, 0.1. 0.1. and 0.1 mg/kg. At 58 days, right ventricular systolic pressure (RVP) was measured. At 60 days, all rats were sacrificed for obtaining lung weight and DNA, saline pressure-volume (P-V) curves, and morphometry. We weighed right ventricles (RV) and left ventricles + septa (LV). Hyperoxia alone did not, but steroid decreased survival rate to 79.4% (95.3% in RA rats, P < 0.02). Only 21 of 40 (52%) O₂ + steroids rats survived, less than in both RA groups (P < 0.001). RV weight, RVP and muscularization of alveolar duct arteries were significantly increased in O₂ vs. RA rats. In RA + steroids rats, weight of the LV was decreased but RV, RVP, and lung vasculature were not affected. These effects were additive in the O₂ + steroid group. Wet lung weights and DNA were increased for RA + steroid rats over all others. O₂ and steroids shifted the P-V curve to the left and O₂+ steroids still further. Maximal lung volume increased significantly with RA + steroids and still further in O₂ + steroids but not in O₂ alone. O₂ and steroids significantly increased the mean linear intercept and O₂ + steroids even more so. In O₂- and steroid-treated rats, the parenchymal air space increased. In conclusion, both neonatal hyperoxia and steroid administration caused aberrations in the growth of lung and connective tissue. The effects of the two were additive. The vascular system, maximal lung volume, and DNA responded differently, presumably by different modes of action. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1993; 16:81–88. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Renal vascular resistance in normal children – a color Doppler study

To investigate the relationship between age and renal vascular resistance and to establish nomative data of the systolic/diastolic ratio (S/D ratio), pulsatility index (PI), and resistant index (RI) of the renal artery in the normal pediatric population, we studied 252 normal children aged newborn to 13 years (a total of 449 kidneys) with a color Doppler unit. After the normality of the kidney was established, color flow mapping was performed to localize the segmental portion of the renal artery. Flow velocity waveforms were then obtained by pulsed Doppler, and S/D ratio, PI, and RI were calculated. Multiple regression analysis confirmed the age dependence of the S/D ratio, PI, and RI of the renal artery in normal children. Renal vascular resistance continuously declines after birth and stabilizes at the age of 102 – 130 months. Normative data for S/D ratio, PI, and RI of the renal artery in normal children were established for each age group. Since renal vascular resistance decreases with age and stabilizes at 8 – 10 years, we suggest using different normal ranges for each age group when studying renal vascular resistance in pediatric patients. Received October 5, 1995; received in revised form and accepted April 24, 1996     

实验小鼠肠道正常菌群

在动物肠道中栖息的细菌，构成了肠道正常菌群。实验动物的质量与肠道菌群的状态有着十分密切的联系，肠道菌群平衡状态在维持动物机体的生理状态、正常功能，以及抵抗外袭菌方面起着重要的作用。小鼠肠道中，每克肠内容物含有上亿个菌体，可分为10～15个属，上百个种。肠道正常菌群的主要菌属有双歧杆菌、拟杆菌(类杆菌)、肠球菌、乳杆菌、梭杆菌、真杆菌。不同品系的小鼠之间，各种菌的数量有所不同。本文简要介绍了近年来对小鼠肠道正常菌群的研究进展。     

正常成人脑海马区多潜能神经前体细胞的体外分离鉴定

目的 从正常成人脑海马分离鉴定多潜能神经前体细胞并探讨体外培养条件.方法 材料取自8例非神经系统疾病的死亡者.分离正常成人脑海马细胞,在培养基中添加生长因子体外培养.通过细胞培养成球和BrdU染色鉴定培养细胞的增殖能力.利用免疫细胞化学三标染色来鉴定分化神经细胞的表型.结果 从正常人海马分离的细胞培养2周时,开始增殖成簇,致一个月时,形成细胞球,这些细胞能与BrdU结合,并能在体外分化成神经系统不同谱系的细胞.结论 与在啮齿类动物和猴的研究中结果一致,从正常成人脑海马区分离的细胞是多潜能神经前体细胞.