弓形记忆加压接骨器的研制与治疗上肢管状骨骨折和骨不连（附57例报告）

本文报告了弓形记忆加压接骨器的研制和５７例临床应用结果。该器具有２个纵轴加压枝，２～８个半环固定枝。其超弹、记忆效应作用于上肢管状骨时，可为骨断端提供一种轴向的、动态的和持续的加压力（２４～５６ｋｇ）直至骨愈合。临床应用骨折３１例，骨不连２６例，术后弃用外固定，早期活动。随访４～３２个月，平均１３．７个月。骨折组术后平均２．２个月，骨折处为板状替代；骨不连组术后平均３．６４个月，不连处为板状替代。两组均未发现术后感染、骨不连等并发症，其中４６例于术后半年左右取出本器，随访中未见板状替代部再骨折。     

肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连

目的介绍应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的经验。方法1997年10月～2001年7月,应用肱骨交锁髓内钉治疗12例肱骨骨折术后骨不连患者,其中肥大型5例,萎缩型2例,假关节形成5例。受伤至骨不连手术的时间平均为10．5个月(5～33个月)。手术采用开放复位顺行置入髓内钉,锁入远端交锁钉后向近端打拔以使断端加压,自体髂骨及RBX植骨。结果所有患者获平均21个月(9～51个月)随访。12例患者骨不连均获得愈合,平均愈合时间为5．8个月(3．5～8．0个月)。其中1例去除髓内钉后1年于原骨不连部位发生再骨折,重新植骨内固定而获得愈合。11例肩关节及上肢功能恢复良好。所有患者未遗留神经损伤症状。结论肱骨交锁髓内钉为治疗肱骨骨折术后骨不连的有效方法。     

骨折愈合、延迟愈合和骨不连

骨折愈合分为四个阶段：血肿炎症期、肉芽形成期、骨化期和重塑期。四阶段的病理变化连续而重叠，诸多炎性介质和生长因子起了非常重要的作用。最终骨折根据稳定性程度达到直接愈合或骨痂愈合。骨折是否发生延迟愈合和骨不连可以从治疗时间、临床表现、放射学表现和生物力学几方面进行评价，重点对骨不连的两种基本形式进行了解释，并对造成延迟愈合和骨不连的主要原因进行了分析，并从生物性、全身性、机械性和生物物理治疗四方面概括了促进骨折愈合的多种手段。     

Rap system of stress stimulation can promote bone union after lower tibial bone fracture: a clinical research

Background Lower tibial bone fracture may easily cause bone delayed union or nonunion because of lacking of dynamic mechanical load.Objective Research Group would design a new instrument as Rap System of Stress Stimulation (RSSS) to provide dynamic mechanical load which would promote lower tibial bone union postoperatively.Methods This clinical research was conducted from January 2008 to December 2010, 92 patients(male 61/female 31, age 16-70years, mean 36.3years) who suffered lower tibial bone closed fracture were given intramedullary nail fixation and randomly averagely separated into experimental group and control group(according to the successively order when patients went for the admission procedure). Then researchers analysed the clinical healing time, full weight bearing time, VAS (Visual Analogue Scales) score and callus growth score of Lane-Sandhu in 3,6,12 months postoperatively. The delayed union and nonunion rates were compared at 6 and 12 months separately.Results All the 92 patients had been followed up (mean 14 months). Clinical bone healing time in experimental group was 88.78±8.80 days but control group was 107.91±9.03days. Full weight bearing time in experimental group was 94.07±9.81 days but control group was 113.24±13.37 days respectively (P<0.05). The delayed union rate in 6 months was 4.3% in experimental group but 10.9% in control group(P<0.05). The nonunion rate in 12 months was 6.5% in experimental group but 19.6% in control group(P<0.05). In 3, 6, 12 months postoperatively, VAS score and Lane-Sandhu score in experimental group had more significantly difference than them in control group.Conclusions RSSS can intermittently provide dynamic mechanical load and stimulate callus formation, promote lower tibial bone union, reduce bone delayed union or nonunion rate. It is an adjuvant therapy for promoting bone union after lower tibial bone fracture.     

经皮自体骨髓移植治疗骨折不愈合患者27例报道

目的探讨经皮自体骨髓植治疗骨折不愈合的临床疗效。方法对27例骨折不愈合患者在C臂X线机下抽取自体红骨髓注射至骨折不愈合部位。结果 27例不愈合患者中23例最终愈合,愈合时间3～11个月,3例有少许骨痂生长,1例患者无骨痂生长。结论经皮自体骨髓移植对治疗骨折不愈合是一种可供选择的方法 。     

加用锁定钢板并植骨治疗下肢长骨骨折髓内钉固定后不愈合

目的评价保留髓内钉以锁定加压钢板和植骨治疗下肢长骨骨折后不愈合临床疗效。方法对11例胫骨股骨骨折经髓内钉治疗后不愈合的患者,保留髓内钉,加用锁定加压钢板固定并行自体松质骨植骨。结果本组随访6~24个月,平均14个月,所有患者伤口均一期愈合,骨折均达到骨性愈合。愈合时间3~9个月（平均5.3个月）。结论采用保留髓内钉锁定加压钢板加植骨的方法治疗髓内钉固定下肢长骨骨折后不愈合是一个疗效肯定的方法。     

体位复位联合PKP治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折不愈合

目的：探讨骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折不愈合的微创治疗疗效。方法：回顾性研究2007年9月-2011年11月过伸复位联合单侧椎体后凸成形术治疗67例骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折不愈合患者。结果：术后随访5个月～1年,胸腰背部疼痛明显减轻。疼痛视觉模拟数字评分由术前的（7．80±1．02）分降至术后的（2．91±0．72）分。结论：过伸复位联合单侧椎体后凸成形术治疗效果较为满意。     

Prevalence of complications of open tibial shaft fractures stratified as per the Gustilo-Anderson classification

The aim of the present study was to comparatively analyse certain outcome measures of open tibial fractures, stratified per grade of open injury and method of treatment. For this purpose, a systematic review of the English literature from 1990 until 2010 was undertaken, comprising 32 eligible articles reporting on 3060 open tibial fractures. Outcome measures included rates of union progress (early union, delayed union, late union and non-union rates) and certain complication rates (deep infection, compartment syndrome and amputation rates). Statistical heterogeneity across component studies was detected with the use of Cochran chi-square and I² tests. In the absence of significant statistical heterogeneity a pooled estimate of effect size for each outcome/complication of interest was produced. All component studies were assigned on average a moderate quality score. Reamed tibial nails (RTNs) were associated with significantly higher odds of early union compared with unreamed tibial nails (UTNs) in IIIB open fractures (odds ratio: 12, 95% CI: 2.4–61). Comparing RTN and UTN modes of treatment, no significant differences were documented per grade of open fractures with respect to both delayed and late union rates. Surprisingly, nonunion rates in IIIB open fractures treated with either RTNs or UTNs were lower than IIIA or II open fractures, although the differences were not statistically significant. Significantly increased deep infection rates of IIIB open fractures compared with all other grades were documented for both modes of treatment (RTN, UTN). However, lower deep infection rates for IIIA open fractures treated with RTNs were recorded compared with grades I and II. Interestingly, grade II open tibial fractures, treated with UTN, presented significantly greater odds for developing compartment syndrome than when treated with RTNs. Our cumulative analysis, providing for each grade of open injury and each particular method of treatment a summarised estimate of effect size for the most important outcome measures of open tibial fractures, constitutes a useful tool of the practicing surgeon for optimal decision making when operative treatment of such fractures is contemplated.     

Komplikationen der Tarsometatarsale I Arthrodese (modifizierte Lapidus Arthrodese)

BackgroundFirst tarsometatarsal arthrodesis, or known as modified Lapidus arthrodesis, is a powerful procedure for hallux valgus correction. Historically there have been high reported complication rates including nonunion, dorsiflexion malunion and transfer metatarsalgia, due to the high lever at the TMT I joint.MethodsThe development of new biomechanically more stable fixation methods has revolutionized the classic Lapidus arthrodesis in recent decades, so that more progressive mobilization regimens could be established.ResultsThe current clinical and radiological results of modern Lapidus arthrodesis using plate fixation confirm that nonunion rates could be drastically reduced. However, the rates of symptomatic transfer metatarsalgia remained unchanged.ConclusionOn the basis of new fixation methods, the modified Lapidus arthrodesis became a low-complication and satisfactory surgical method. The influence of first ray shortening and dorsiflexion malunion on the development of a transfer metatarsalgia has not yet been fully clarified.     

锁定加压钢板固定结合植骨治疗股骨干骨折术后不愈合患者的疗效及预后

目的探讨锁定加压钢板固定结合植骨治疗股骨干骨折术后不愈合患者的疗效。方法选取92例股骨干骨折髓内钉术后骨折不愈合的患者,根据手术方法的不同分为两组。观察组48例采用锁定加压钢板固定结合植骨治疗,对照组44例采用更换髓内钉植骨治疗。比较两组的手术指标、膝关节功能(HSS评分)、骨折愈合率。结果观察组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、住院时间、骨折愈合时间均显著少于对照组(P<0.05)。术后9个月,观察组的HSS各项目评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。两组的骨折愈合率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论锁定加压钢板固定结合植骨可促进股骨干骨折术后不愈合患者的骨折愈合,且关节功能恢复好。