HPLC法同时测定七叶灵颗粒中特女贞苷与柚皮苷的含量

目的：建立同时测定七叶灵颗粒中特女贞苷与柚皮苷含量的方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法。色谱柱为Kromasil C18（250mm×4.6mm,5μm）,流动相为乙腈-4%冰醋酸（17∶83,V/V）,检测波长为224nm,流速为1mL·min-1,柱温为30℃。结果：特女贞苷与柚皮苷的进样量分别在0.04～1.00、0.08～2.00μg范围内与各自峰面积积分值呈良好的线性关系（r均为0.9999）;平均加样回收率分别为101.17%和100.32%,RSD分别为2.10%和2.17%（n均为6）。结论：本方法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于七叶灵颗粒中特女贞苷与柚皮苷的含量测定。     

柚皮苷对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞环氧化酶2mRNA及蛋白表达水平的影响

目的：研究中药柚皮苷对人卵巢癌SK—OV3细胞环氧化酶2（CoX-2）tuRNA及蛋白表达水平的影响。方法：常规培养人卵巢癌sK—OV3细胞,分为空白对照组、柚皮苷10umol／L组、柚皮苷20tzmol／L组、柚皮苷40umol／L组、阳性对照组（塞来昔布80tLmol／L）。MTT法测定柚皮苷对人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞增殖的影响,运用Real—timePCR和WesternBlot法测定培养48h后各组细胞中COX_2mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化。结果：MTT检测法显示,柚皮苷各浓度处理组,时间依赖性和剂量依赖性地抑制人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞生长。经药物处理48h后,Real-timePCR结果显示,与空白对照组（1．094±0．053）比较,10、20umol／L柚皮苷即对SK—OV3细胞COX_2mRNA表达抑制作用（O．828±0．006,0．753±0．011,P〈0．05）,而40gmol／L柚皮苷则明显下调COX-2mRNA的表达（0．412±0．216,P〈0．01）,与塞来昔布组（0．321±0．017）的抑制程度相近。WesternBlot法检测结果显示,与空白对照组（1．7325±0．0826）相比,10umol／L柚皮苷组相对表达量（1．7925±0．0880）虽略有上调,但无统计学差异,20、40／umol／L柚皮苷组均可明显下调SKOV3细胞COX-2蛋白的表达（1．2225±0．0822,1．2725±0．0763,P〈0．05）,塞来昔布组也明显抑制CoX-2蛋白的表达。结论：柚皮苷可抑制人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞体外增殖并抑制COX-2mRNA和蛋白的表达。     

柚皮苷的药物代谢动力学研究概况与进展

柚皮苷是一种二氢黄酮类化合物,具有促进胃肠蠕动功能,主要存在于枳壳、枳实、骨碎补、化橘红等中药中。柚皮苷的口服吸收差,体内分布广泛,主要经开环、脱氢、裂解等反应产生对羟基苯丙酸、对羟基桂皮酸等代谢产物而排出体外。同时柚皮苷还能够通过抑制部分转运体、代谢酶的活性与其他药物发生相互作用,从而影响其他药物的代谢过程。本文通过综述柚皮苷的药物代谢动力学特征及柚皮苷对其他药物的代谢动力学的影响,发现柚皮苷代谢过程的相互作用机制及基因多态性对其药代动力学特征的影响尚需深入研究。     

胃复春片中柚皮苷和新橙皮苷的含量测定

目的用反相高效液相色谱法建立胃复春片中柚皮苷和新橙皮苷的含量测定方法。方法采用AgilentEclipseXDB．C18色谱柱（4．6mmX250mm,5tun）,流动相为乙腈-水（20：80）,流速为1．OmL·min-1,检测波长为283nm,柱温为40C。结果柚皮苷、新橙皮苷进样量分别在0．03234～0．71148μg和0．0196-O．43121xg范围内呈良好的线性关系（柚皮苷r=0．9999;新橙皮苷r=0．9996）,平均回收率分别为98．07％和96．57％,RSD分别为0．62％和0．78％（n=6）。结论本方法快速,简便,结果准确可靠,重现性好,可用于胃复春片的质量控制。     

HPLC法测定枳术颗粒中枳实的5种黄酮类物质

目的：建立枳术颗粒5种黄酮类物质含量控制方法。方法：采用高效液相色谱法在同一色谱条件下测定枳术颗粒中柚皮苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷、柚皮素、橙皮素含量。色谱条件：流动相乙腈-0.1%磷酸水梯度洗脱;检测波长为285 nm。结果：柚皮苷进样量在22.655～591.734 μg范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r²=0.9994;橙皮苷进样量在2.981～71.532 μg范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r²=0.9997;新橙皮苷进样量在22.152～531.648 μg范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r²=0.9994;柚皮素在3.015～72.378 μg范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r²=0.9997;橙皮素在2.868～68.85 μg范围内呈良好线性关系,相关系数r²=0.9990;5个成分的平均回收率分别为99.9%、100.4%、98.6%、99.9%和100.0%（RSD%＜3%）。结论：本方法准确可靠,可准确测定枳术颗粒中5种黄酮类物质的含量。     

Naringin attenuates acute lung injury in LPS-treated mice by inhibiting NF-κB pathway

Naringin has been reported as an effective anti-inflammatory compound. We previously showed that naringin had antitussive effect on experimentally induced cough in guinea pigs. However, the effects and mechanism of naringin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) in mice are not fully understood. In this study, our aim was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activities of naringin on LPS-induced ALI in mice and clarify its underlying mechanisms of action. We found that in vivo pretreatment with naringin markedly decreased the lung wet weight to dry weight ratio, and led to significant attenuation of LPS-induced evident lung histopathological changes. Meanwhile, naringin significantly reduced bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) total cell and neutrophil (PMN) counts after LPS challenge. Furthermore, naringin inhibited myeloperoxidase (MPO: a marker enzyme of neutrophil granule) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activities in lung tissue and alleviated LPS-induced tumor neurosis factor-α (TNF-α) secretion in BALF in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, Western blotting showed that naringin efficiently blunt NF-κB activation by inhibiting the degradation of I?B-α and the translocation of p65. Taken together, these results suggest that naringin shows anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting lung edema, MPO and iNOS activities, TNF-α secretion and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration by blockade of NF-κB in LPS-induced ALI.     

Hepatoprotective role of naringin on nickel-induced toxicity in male Wistar rats

Aim of the present study was planned to determine the protective role of naringin in attenuating the toxicity induced by nickel sulfate in rat liver. In this investigation nickel sulfate (20 mg/kg body weight) was administered intraperitoneally for 20 days to induce toxicity. Naringin was administered orally (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg body weight) for 20 days with intraperitoneal administration of nickel sulfate. Liver injury was measured by the increased activities of serum hepatic enzymes namely aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase and total bilirubin along with increased elevation of lipid peroxidation markers, thiobarbituric reactive acid substances, lipid hydroperoxides, protein carbonyl content and conjugated dienes. The toxic effect of nickel was also indicated by significantly decreased activities of enzymatic antioxidants like superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and non-enzymatic antioxidants like reduced glutathione, total sulfhydryl groups, vitamin C and vitamin E levels were significantly decreased. Naringin administered at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight significantly reversed the activities of hepatic marker enzymes, decreasing lipid peroxidative markers, increasing the antioxidant cascade and decreasing the nickel concentration in the liver. The effect at a dose of 80 mg/kg body weight was more pronounced than that of other two doses (20 and 40 mg/kg body weight). All these changes were supported by histopathological observations. These results clearly demonstrate that naringin has the potential in alleviating the toxic effects of nickel in rat liver.     

Pharmacokinetics-based elucidation on disparity in clinical effectiveness between varieties of Zhi Zhu Wan,a Traditional Chinese Medical formula

Aim

Zhi Zhu Wan (ZZW) is a classical Chinese medical formulation used for the treatment of functional dyspepsia that attributed to Spleen-deficiency Syndrome. ZZW contains Atractylodes Rhizome and Fructus Citrus Immaturus, the later originates from both Citrus aurantium L. (BZZW) and Citrus sinensis Osbeck (RZZW). The present study is designed to elucidate disparities in the clinical efficacy of two ZZW varieties based on the pharmacokinetics of naringenin and hesperetin.

Mehtod

After oral administration of ZZWs, blood sample was collected from healthy volunteers at designed time points. Naringenin and hesperetin were detected in plasma by RP-HPLC, pharmacokinetic parameters were processed using mode-independent methods with WINNONLIN.

Results

After oral administration of BZZW, both naringenin and hesperetin were detected in plasma, and demonstrated similar pharmacokinetic parameters. Ka was 0.384 ± 0.165 and 0.401 ± 0.159, T_1/2(ke)(h) was 5.491 ± 3.926 and 5.824 ± 3.067, the AUC (mg/L h) was 34.886 ± 22.199 and 39.407 ± 19.535 for naringenin and hesperetin, respectively. However, in the case of RZZW, only hesperetin was found in plasma, but the pharmacokinetic properties for hesperetin in RZZW was different from that in BZZW. T_max for hesperetin in RZZW is about 8.515 h, and its C_max is much larger than that of BZZW. Moreover, it was eliminated slowly as it possessed a much larger AUC value.

Conclusion

The distinct therapeutic orientations of the Chinese medical formula ZZWs with different Fructus Citrus Immaturus could be elucidated based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of constituents after oral administration.     

柚皮苷对H_2O_2处理小鼠前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1骨形成的影响

目的 :研究柚皮苷对体外培养过氧化氢(H_2O_2)处理的小鼠前成骨细胞MC3T3-E1骨形成的作用及抗氧化机制。方法:在体外培养的MC3T3-E1s细胞培养基中分别加入不同浓度(0.01 mmol·L-1、0.02 mmol·L-1、0.04 mmol·L-1)的柚皮苷作用48 h,接着加入0.5 mmol·L-1H_2O_2作用4 h,采用CCK-8法检测柚皮苷对成骨细胞活力的影响;采用碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、细胞丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)试剂盒检测MC3T3-E1成骨细胞内ALP、SOD活性和MDA、GSH含量及细胞上清LDH活性;用茜素红S染色法检测矿化结节数目;用Real time RT-PCR的方法检测成骨细胞内I型胶原(COL-I)、骨钙素(OCN)、转录因子Osterix和骨形态发生蛋白2(BMP-2)m RNA表达。结果:柚皮苷可增加H_2O_2损伤后MC3T3-E1细胞ALP活力(P0.05,P0.01)和矿化结节数目(P0.05,P0.01),促进骨形成相关指标COL-I、Osterix、BMP-2和OCN m RNA表达(P0.01);柚皮苷提高H_2O_2损伤后MC3T3-E1细胞活力(P0.05,P0.01),上调细胞内SOD活性和GSH含量并降低细胞中MDA含量和上清中LDH活性(P0.01)。结论:一定浓度(0.01,0.02,0.04 mmol·L-1)的柚皮苷可以促进H_2O_2处理后MC3T3-E1细胞的骨形成,这种促进作用可能是通过降低氧化应激发挥抗氧化作用实现的。     

高效液相色谱法测定芩倍合剂中黄芩苷、柚皮苷含量

目的 建立芩倍合剂中黄芩苷、柚皮苷的含量测定方法,确定其含量测定指标成分及其限量标准.方法 色谱柱为Diamonsil C18(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为甲醇:0.4%磷酸水溶液(42:58),流速1.0 ml/min,检测波长280 nm,柱温30℃,进样量10μl.结果 黄芩苷、柚皮苷分别在0.062~0.930μg、0.033~0.492μg范围内线性关系良好,平均加样回收率分别为98.11%(RSD=1.62%)、96.78%(RSD=1.74%).根据4批样品的含量测定结果,确定每1 ml芩倍合剂中黄芩苷平均含量为8.4 mg,柚皮苷平均含量为0.5 mg.结论 该方法简便、灵敏、准确、重现性好,适用于芩倍合剂中有效成分的含量测定.