影像学在诊断颅外颈动脉狭窄及内膜切除术后随访中的应用

目的：对一例颈内动脉狭窄进行内膜切除术前后影像学系列观察,结合文献复习,初步探讨磁共振血管造影（MRA）,CT血管造影（CTA）,CT仿真内窥镜（CTVE）技术在诊断颈动脉狭窄中的应用价值。材料与方法：MRA采用TOF法,2D移动预饱和序列（Travelsat)及3D最佳倾斜非饱和激励（TONE）序列。CTA：Hispeed CT/i扫描机,经最大密度投影（maximum intensity projection,MIP)及遮盖表面显示法（threshold shaded surface display,SSD)行血管3D重建。CTVE：应用导航（Navigator smooth)功能实施颈动脉CTVE成像。将上述检查结果与数字减影血管造影（DSA）,手术对照。结果：96年MRA显示左颈内动脉狭窄30％,99年呈重度狭窄约90－95％。CTA：血管狭窄部位及程度同MRA,狭窄段可见钙化斑块。CTVE获得颈内动脉狭窄腔内仿真内窥镜图像,显示管增厚,钙化。DSA诊断左颈内动脉重度狭窄,病理证实。术后MRA,CT提示狭窄基本解除,钙化斑块消失。结论：MRA可用于发现,诊断外颈动脉狭窄及术后随访,CTA与CTVE有利于观察管腔内病理改变。     

Difference of Thrombus Location between Initial Noninvasive Vascular Image and First DSA Findings in Mechanical Thrombectomy for Intracranial Large Vessel Occlusion: Post Hoc Analysis of the SKIP Study

In patients who undergo mechanical thrombectomy for intracranial large vessel occlusion, the occluded site is sometimes distal to the site shown in the initial vascular imaging. We investigated the factors related to the change in the occluded site between the sequential imagings. The 203 patients in the SKIP study were reviewed retrospectively. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or computed tomography angiography (CTA) was used to assess the occluded site. The occluded site shown in the cerebral angiography appeared to be distal to the occluded site shown in the initial vascular imaging in 55 patients (group A). The location of the occluded site in the remaining 148 patients did not change between the sequential imagings (group B). MRA was used more often than CTA in group A (54 MRA, 1 CTA; P <0.01). Patients with middle cerebral artery (M1) occlusion were more likely to show change of the occluded site than patients with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion (M1: 38%, ICA: 9%; P <0.01). The number of patients who received intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator did not differ between the two groups (group A: 54%, group B: 49%; P = 0.5). In patients with acute intracranial large vessel occlusion who require mechanical thrombectomy, physicians should be aware that the location of the thrombus may be distal to the occluded site shown in the initial vascular imaging, particularly in patients with M1 occlusion shown by MRA.