腹茧症的影像诊断

目的探讨腹茧症的影像特点，提高术前诊断水平。方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的腹茧症6例，术前均进行立位腹部X线平片和腹部CT检查，4例同时行胃肠道钡剂造影，复习其影像表现。结果6例立位腹部X线平片中3例诊断为肠梗阻。4例胃肠道钡剂造影，均可见小肠交错盘绕成团，呈“菜花”状或“手风琴”状表现。6例CT检查，均可见小肠聚集成团，其周围可见膜样的囊状物将其包裹。结论对患者进行胃肠道造影时观察到“菜花”状征象，或CT检查时观察到小肠聚集成团被一层膜样物包裹，应考虑到腹茧症的可能。     

排粪造影对便秘成因的影像诊断

目的：通过回顾性比较分析用排粪造影法探讨便秘成因及临床应用价值。方法：分析排粪造影者276例资料和图像。结果：在便秘患者中总体阳性率为57．1％，其中功能出口性梗阻者占总体阳性中95．2％，而器质性出口梗阻为4．8％，女性患者以直肠前突多见，男性患者以直肠黏膜脱垂多见。结论：排粪造影对下消化道便秘成因的检查具有较高的诊断价值，为临床治疗提供客观依据，指导临床治疗原则。     

急诊左半结肠一期切除吻合术25例治疗体会

目的探讨急诊左半结肠切除一期肠吻合的可行性。方法腹腔探查完后，用布带结扎横结肠，游离肠系膜后，于预切除肠段的上端切开作肠外减压，挤压排空粪便，切除病变肠管，端端吻合，术后作肛管扩张，停留肛管引流，胃肠减压。结果全部病人预期痊愈出院，无发生吻合口漏和腹腔污染。结论该法有利于吻合口的愈合，增加左半结肠一期切除吻合的安全性，减少第2次手术痛苦，可推荐为左半结肠急诊切除一期吻合的良好方法。     

多层螺旋CT尿路造影对上尿路梗阻性疾病的诊断价值

目的 探讨多层螺旋CT尿路造影（MSCTU）在上尿路梗阻性疾病诊断中的价值。资料与方法 搜集经静脉肾盂造影（IVU）或其他影像学检查提示上尿路梗阻而原因不明的患者58例，均行MSCTU检查，在图像工作站对获得图像进行最大密度投影（MIP）、多平面重建（MPR）及容积再现（vRT）等三维后处理，获得泌尿系立体图像。结果 58例中上尿路结石20例，先天性畸形14例，输尿管癌11例，输尿管炎性狭窄3例，输尿管息肉2例，副肾血管压迫肾盂输尿管交接处2例，邻近器官疾病导致上尿路梗阻2例，以上病例均经手术或输尿管镜检查证实。另有4例无法确诊，诊断准确率为93．10％。结论 MSCTU通过MPR、MIP、VRT技术多角度观察能够更加清晰地显示出导致上尿路梗阻的病变及其形态，在上尿路梗阻病变诊断方面有独特的优势。     

经肝胃造瘘胃肠道支架成形术

目的探讨病情复杂的胃、十二指肠梗阻的支架成形术的方法及疗效。方法总结分析经口途径较难处理的胃、十二指肠支架成形术病例4例,其中2例Roux-en-Y吻合术后输入段十二指肠恶性梗阻并继发胆道梗阻的患者经肝途径置入支架;1例幽门区恶性狭窄和1例十二指肠降部恶性狭窄患者分别经胃造瘘置入支架。结果所有支架释放成功,患者均在术后第3天开始进流质,无消化道出血等并发症。随访期内均无支架移位及再狭窄。结论掌握技巧,肠道支架成形术在复杂性胃、十二指肠梗阻的治疗是可行的。     

对大肠癌术后早期炎性肠梗阻诊治的探讨

目的：探讨大肠癌术后早期炎性肠梗阻的特点及治疗方法；方法：分析10例大肠癌术后出现早期炎性肠梗阻的临床表现并进行综合保守治疗；结果：10例患者保守治疗全部成功；结论：术后早期炎性肠梗阻是一种非细菌性炎性肠梗阻，以发生在术后早期，腹胀、呕吐明显，腹痛轻或无为主要临床特点，治疗应采用保守治疗。     

Role of intestinal bifidobacteria in the pathogenesis of gut-derived bacteria/endotoxin translocation and the effect of bifidobacterial supplement on gut barrier function following burns

Early multiple organ dysfunction syndrome appears to be facilitated with bacterial translocation in severely burn injury, yet the mechanisms of bacterial translocation remains in dispute. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential role of intestinal bifidobacteria in the pathogenesis of gut-derived bacteria/endotoxin translocation following burns and the effects of bifidobacterial supplement on gut barrier. Methods: Wistar rats were randomly divided into burn group (Burn, n=60),sham burn group (SB, n=10) in experiment Ⅰ , and burn + saline group (BS, n=30), burn + bifidobacteria group (BB, n=30), and sham-burn + saline group (SS, n= 10) in experiment Ⅱ. Animals in BB group were fed bifidobacterial preparation (5 × 109 CFU/ml) after burns, 1.5ml,twice daily. Animals in BS and SS were fed saline. Samples were taken on days 1, 3, and 5 in burn groups, and on day 3 in sham-burn groups. The incidence of bacteria/endotoxin translocation and counts of Bifidobacterium, Fungi and Escherichia coli in gut mucosa were determined with standard methods. The levels of sIgA in mucus of small intestine were measured by RIA. The positive sIgA expression in lamina propria and ileum mucosal injury was evaluated light microscopically by blinded examiners. Results: Our results showed that the incidence of bacterial translocation was increased after burns, which was accompanied by significant decrease in number of bifidobacteria but significant increase in E. coli and fungi in gut mucosa, and elevation of levels of plasma endotoxin and IL-6 (P<0. 001).The incidence of bacterial translocation was markedly reduced after 3- and 5-day supplementation of bifidobacteria compared with control group (P<0.05). The counts of mucosal bifidobacteria were increased by 4- to 40-fold,while E. coli and fungi were decreased by 2- to 30-fold and 10- to 150-fold, respectively, after bifidobacterial supplementation in contrast to control group. The damage of mucosa tended to be less pronounced after 3-day bifidobacteria-supplemented formula compared with control group [grade 2(0-6) vs. grade 4(3-6), P<0.05]. Moreover, the expression and release of sIgA was markedly augmented after 3-day bifidobacteria-supplementation formula and it returned to normal range on day 5. Conclusion: The decrease in counts and proportion of bifidobacteria in mucous membrane flora may play an important role in the development of bacteria/endotoxin translocation following thermal injury. The supplement of exogenous bifidobacteria could per se improve gut barriers, and attenuate bacteria/endotoxin translocation secondary to major burns.     

Cdx2和PTEN在胃粘膜肠上皮化生及肠型胃癌组织中的表达

目的：观察Cdx2及PTEN在胃粘膜病变中的表达。方法：以正常胃粘膜作为对照，用免疫组化的方法检测Cdx2和PTEN在胃粘膜肠上皮化生和肠型胃癌组织中的表达情况。结果：Cdx2在正常胃粘膜中没有表达，在肠上皮化生和肠型胃癌组织中明显增高，在肠型胃癌组织中Cdx2和PTEN水平显著低于肠上皮化生，两者表达模式相似。在不同类型肠化生中，小肠型肠化生Cdx2水平明显高于结肠型肠化生，而PTEN没有显著差异。结论：Cdx2为肠上皮化生的特异性标志物，并与PTEN在肠型胃癌的多步骤多阶段过程中可能起到重要作用，而PTEN可能对Cdx2的表达起到正相调节作用。     

金属内支架介入治疗恶性输尿管狭窄的临床应用

目的探讨经皮顺行植入输尿管金属内支架治疗恶性输尿管狭窄的效果。方法对14例恶性肿瘤伴输尿管狭窄的患者行经皮顺行植入输尿管金属内支架治疗。术后观察尿量及性状,超声及腹部平片随访。结果14例患者植入输尿管内支架均获成功,输尿管梗阻解除,患者临床症状改善,肾功能好转。结论对恶性输尿管狭窄的患者行顺行植入输尿管金属内支架治疗输尿管狭窄,是一种简便、有效、创伤小的治疗方法。     

Airway troubles related to the double-lumen endobronchial tube in thoracic surgery

Purpose Several case reports indicate critical respiratory complications in relation to the double-lumen endobronchial tube (DLT). A prospective survey for the airway problems in using the DLT is presented. Methods One hundred adult patients undergoing thoracotomy for lung cancer were investigated. Tube malposition and airway obstruction were searched using a fiber-optic scope. The endobronchial cuff was positioned just below the trachcal carina while the trachea was intubated with a DLT (Rüsch). The distances of displacement, from the tracheal carina to the bronchial cuff, were measured during anesthesia using an epidural catheter, which had marks every 5 mm. The distances for correcting the tube position were measured at both the bronchial cuff and the level of the teethPaO₂,PaCO₂ andSPO₂ were also measured. Results Malposition (displacement over 5 mm from the correct position) was found in 42 patients, and 40 of them were in a withdrawal direction, occurring at the postural change and during one-lung ventilation, especially during manipulation of the lung hilum. Correcting distances at the level of the teeth were 15.3–3-times longer than those at the bronchial cuff. Airway deformities and gradual withdrawal of the bronchial cuff were found in association with surgical manipulation. Obstruction occurred at the tips of the tracheal tube in four patients and the bronchial tube in six patients, and at the tip of both in two patients. Hypoxemia (PaO₂<60 mmHg) occurred in four patients and hypercapnea (PaCO₂>60 mm Hg) in two patients. Conclusion Most of the DLT obstructions were associated with withdrawal malposition. Great attention to DLT displacement and airway deformity is advised.