人工肱骨头置换治疗肱骨近端4部分骨折及骨折脱位

目的：探讨应用人工肱骨头置换治疗肱骨近端4部分骨折及骨折脱位的近期疗效。方法：25例肱骨近端4部分骨折及骨折脱位的患者,男11例,女14例;年龄56～77岁,平均68.2岁;均行人工肱骨头置换治疗。应用Neer疗效评分系统,根据患者疼痛、功能、肩关节活动范围评价术后疗效。结果：术后随访12～40个月,平均29.3个月。所有病例术后均无感染、神经损伤、假体周围骨折、假体松动、脱位等并发症。Neer评分优8例,良11例,可6例,优良率76%。结论：通过标准的手术操作及术后积极合理的康复锻炼,人工肱骨头置换治疗肱骨近端4部分骨折及骨折脱位近期疗效满意。     

Ⅰ期前后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位

目的 评价Ⅰ期前后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的可行性和近期临床效果.方法 对27例下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的患者,Ⅰ期行后路复位和前路减压植骨内固定术,定期X线摄片观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合率,观察有无并发症发生,以ASIA分级判定脊髓功能的恢复情况.结果 随访6～32个月(平均21.5个月),27例患者均获得了完全复位,损伤节段稳定,颈椎高度和生理曲度维持良好,融合率为100%,内固定位置良好,无植骨块脱出或钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等并发症,脊髓功能平均提高1.4级,无一例患者出现神经症状加重.结论 Ⅰ期前后路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁可获得满意的复位、彻底的减压和即刻稳定性的重建,有利于脊髓功能的恢复,近期临床疗效满意.     

Bilateral fracture dislocation of the sacroiliac joint

 We present a rare case of a 27-year-old man sustaining a bilateral fracture dislocation of the sacroiliac joints without disruption of the anterior pelvis, following a fall from a height. Reconstructed images in the coronal plane and three-dimensional CT images were invaluable in the diagnosis and assessment of this injury.     

Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位

目的　应用Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位 ,从而降低术后髋关节脱位、僵硬和股骨头坏死发生率。方法　自 1989年 8月 - 1999年 8月 ,用Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童 (7～ 14岁 )先天性髋脱位 4 6例 (5 8髋 ) ,随访 2～ 9年 ,平均 5年 3个月。辅助手段包括 :①髂腰肌及内收肌切断 ,股骨髁上骨牵引 ;②股骨粗隆下旋转加短缩截骨 ;③单髋人字石膏制动 ;④髋关节早活动 ,晚负重 ;⑤术后被动活动髋关节加主动功能锻炼。结果　髋关节完全复位率10 0 % ,髋关节屈曲小于 90°者 4髋 ,占 6 9% ,按Salter提出的股骨头坏死诊断标准 4 6例 (5 8髋 )中 ,股骨头坏死 6髋 ,占 10 3% ,明显降低了大龄儿童先天性髋脱位术后髋关节僵硬、股骨头坏死率。结论　Pemberton手术为主多种辅助手段治疗大龄儿童先天性髋脱位疗效确切 ,优良率高。     

交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折

目的　观察带锁髓内钉治疗股骨远端骨折的效果。方法　从 1998年 4月～ 2 0 0 2年 3月 ,用带锁髓内钉17例 ,男性 13例 ,女性 4例 ,平均年龄 3 6.8岁 (范围 14～ 79岁 ) ,3例逆行穿钉 ,余 14例顺行穿钉固定。结果　随访 7个月以上的 14例 ,术后没发生脂肪栓塞、深静脉栓塞等并发症 ,亦无断钉病例。用改良膝关节功能评分 ,10例优、2例良、2例可。结论　带锁髓内钉扩大了髓内钉手术适应证 ,用于股骨远端骨折治疗 ,固定牢固、确实 ,术后可早期功能锻炼 ,疗效满意。     

肩关节脱位手法整复的流派及发展动态

肩关节脱位指的是肩肱（或称盂肱）关节脱位，临床上十分常见，肩关节脱位通常采取手法整复，疗效确切，手法整复研究也较多，笔者参阅有关文献资料，结合自己的临床体会，对国内肩关节脱位的手法整复流派和发展动态做一整理，与同仁共飨。     

Tibial-talar dislocation without fracture: treatment principles and outcome

The incidence of tibial-talar dislocations without fracture is unknown and has been sparsely reported in the literature. The diagnosis of the injury is straightforward with the appropriate examination and roentgenograms. Good to excellent results can be achieved with open or closed dislocations treated by closed reduction and immobilization for 4–6 weeks. Although open dislocations require irrigation, debridement, and possibly delayed closure, controversy exists with regard to acute ligament repair. Because good to excellent results are possible without acute ligament repair, and delayed repair on reconstruction can be accomplished with good outcomes, we recommend treating these injuries without ligament repair.     

Open reduction and varus-detorsion osteotomy with femoral shortening in treatment of congenital dislocation of the hip

In this study, we clinically and radiographically evaluated open reduction with shortening of the femur in children more than 1 year old with refractory congenital dislocation of the hip. In 19 children (aged 1–4 years), 22 joints were operated on. The patients were followed-up for an average of 8.7 years (range, 2–13 years). Functional results were satisfactory in all joints, and differences in limb length were not significant. Radiographically, good results (grades I and II) were obtained in 16 of the 22 joints, according to Severin's criteria. This surgical procedure may be indispensable for treating refractory congenital dislocation of the hip in children over 1 year old. Received for publication on May 2, 1997; accepted June 3, 1998