Coccygectomy has a favorable effect on the intensity, manifestation, and characteristics of pain caused by coccygodynia: a retrospective evaluation of 34 patients followed for 3–18 years

Background  Coccygodynia can cause severe pain and disability in patients. There are contradictions in the literature regarding the final results of coccygectomy for coccygodynia. We evaluated the long-term effects of coccygectomy on the intensity, characteristics, and manifestation of pain caused by coccygodynia to determine the adequacy of operation among treatment modalities. Materials and methods  Thirty-four patients with coccygodynia were treated by coccygectomy. In 22 cases, trauma, and in one case childbirth was the cause. 11 cases were regarded as idiopathic. The intensity, characteristics of pain, and the most painful activities were evaluated at an average of 7.6 (3–18) years of follow-up time. Results  Before the operation, all 34 patients had pain while sitting, moreover, 26 of them had pain during standing, walking, at night or a combination of these. 21 patients had intolerable or very intensive, mainly acute, sharp or burning pain. 11 patients had dyschesia, 2 had dysuria and 6 had dyspareunia. At follow-up, 7 patients were completely free of pain, 15 others had moderate, 11 medium, and only one patient had severe, but none had intolerable pain. Only seven patients had acute, sharp or burning pain postoperatively. The decrease of average pain score from 8.0 to 3.2 was significant (P < 10⁻¹²). The number of the patients with dyschesia and dyspareunia decreased from 11 to 7 and from 6 to 3, respectively. Two patients had dysuria, but their complaints did not change after the operation. One of the two patients who needed reoperation had an excellent final result, while the other remained unchanged. 12 and 16 patients (together 82%) regarded the final result of the operation excellent and good, respectively. The condition of five others did not change, while one became worse. The patients with younger age, smaller body mass index, and less co-morbidities had better final result. There were no serious complications. Conclusion  Coccygectomy for coccygodynia is a safe method to decrease the intensity of pain and other complaints of the patients. The operation can be the choice of treatment if conservative measures fail.     

217例早期胃癌扩大胃切除与淋巴结清除术的回顾分析

目的评价早期胃癌不同扩大手术的实际意义，以选择合理的胃切除和淋巴结清除范围。方法以临床病理资料完整、施行规范D2及扩大手术的217例早期胃癌患者为研究对象。分析施行不同扩大手术的原因、淋巴结清除的必要性及第Ⅱ站淋巴结转移与临床病理因素的相关性。结果胃上部癌行全胃切除术6例，No．5、6淋巴结均未见转移；联合脾、脾动脉切除2例，No．10、11p、11d淋巴结均未见转移；胃下部癌联合横结肠系膜切除3例，No．15淋巴结未见转移。以上病例术中多数误认为进展期胃癌而扩大了胃切除或淋巴结清除范围，手术时间长，术中失血较多。胃下部癌清除的第Ⅱ站淋巴结中No．11p、12a、14v均未见转移；黏膜下癌（sm癌）中，No．7、8a淋巴结转移率明显高于黏膜内癌（m癌）（P〈0．05）；淋巴管癌栓阳性者No．7淋巴结转移较阴性者明显增多（P〈0．001），No．1、13淋巴结转移仅出现在淋巴结转移高危病例（sm、癌灶大于3．0cm、凹陷型，淋巴管癌栓阳性）。结论早期胃癌不需施行淋巴结扩大清除术和联合脏器切除。早期胃上部癌不需施行全胃切除术。早期胃下部癌中No．11p、12a、14v淋巴结不需清除．但对胃下部癌淋巴结转移高危病例，应行标准D2淋巴结清除术。     

Development of the student placement evaluation form: A tool for assessing student fieldwork performance

Evaluation of students undertaking fieldwork education placements is a critical process in the health professions. As training programs and practice evolve, systems for assessing students need to be reviewed and updated constantly. In 1995, staff of the occupational therapy training program at the University of Queensland, Australia decided to develop a new tool for assessing student fieldwork performance. Using an action research methodology, a team developed the Student Placement Evaluation Form, a flexible and comprehensive criterion-referenced evaluation tool. The present paper examines action research as an appropriate methodology for considering real-life organisational problems in a systematic and participatory manner. The action research cycles undertaken, including preliminary information gathering, tool development, trial stages and current use of the tool, are detailed in the report. Current and future development of the tool is also described.     

静脉性脑梗死动物模型的建立及相关研究

静脉性脑梗死动物模型的建立是通过不同的栓塞方法闭塞实验动物上矢状窦的不同部位，其目的是观察脑组织的血流量、血氧饱和度、脑组织水含量、脑灌注压、及各种影像学表现等参数指标的变化，从病理生理角度探讨静脉性脑梗死的发病机理及演变过程。     

市售三厂家18种复方氨基酸注射液的质量评价

目的对市售3厂家(A、B和E)共9批18种复方氨基酸注射液进行质量比较。方法参考国内外同类产品质量标准,从澄明度、透光率、性状、pH值、不溶性微粒、抗氧剂量、细菌内毒素和含量等方面进行比较。结果外观均为无色澄明液体,430nm波长处透光率均大于99%,pH在5.42～6.61间;A、B、E3厂不溶性微粒≥10、≥25μm的粒子数分别为1.41、0.32,0.83、0.21和1.55、0.56个/ml;抗氧剂的量分别为<33、近330和>500mg/L;细菌内毒素检查与含量测定符合中国药典及国家标准要求。结论不同厂家的产品质量确实存在一定的差异。     

Cockett综合征的影像学诊断和介入治疗

目的探讨Cockett综合征影像学诊断和介入治疗方法。方法对20例Cockett综合征患者进行临床分析,其中13例行介入治疗术。结果下肢深静脉造影术能明确诊断Cockett综合征,13例患者经介入治疗后其临床症状体征均有不同程度的改善,临床疗效明显。结论介入治疗Cockett综合征,是一种简单、安全和有效的方法。     

濒危民族药重楼种质资源调查及质量评价研究

重楼是一味传统民族药,其基源为重楼属多种植物的根茎,该属植物全世界共有26种,我国分布有20种.以横断山脉南段为核心的川、滇两省是重楼属植物在欧亚大陆的地理分布中心,也是重楼药材的传统产区.本课题对该地区重楼属的种质资源、开发利用情况、濒危状态开展了实地调查,并依据2005年版<中国药典>重楼药材的质控标准对该地区50份不同产地的重楼药材进行了质量评价,结果 可为重楼药材质量的系统评价和资源保护利用提供参考.     

兔肝VX2肿瘤模型的建立及影像学研究现状

VX2肿瘤细胞株是一种可移植的肿瘤细胞株,可接种到兔的肝脏、肾脏等部位,建立原位肿瘤动物模型。兔VX2肝癌模型是目前较常用的实验性动物肝癌模型,本文就兔肝VX2肿瘤模型的建立和影像学表现进行综述。     

注射用丹参分子排阻色谱及指纹图谱差减分析

目的 探讨注射用丹参质量差异的分析方法.方法 取临床不良反应有差异的不同批号的样品进行平行比对试验,分别应用凝胶分子排阻色谱、碳十八反相液相色谱进行指纹图谱分析,通过综合差减分析揭示非小分子酚酸类成分信息.结果 注射用丹参的凝胶分子排阻色谱有显著的批间差异,非小分子酚酸类成分批间差异显著,与豚鼠急性毒性反应程度相对应.结论 非小分子酚酸类成分应作为丹参系列注射剂质量控制的重点.提出谱毒学研究是中药注射剂安全性研究的重要方向之一.     

Aspergillus Iris Granuloma: A Case Report with Review of Literature

We report the case of a 25-year-old male patient who presented with complaints of redness, photophobia, and decreased vision in the right eye of a week's duration. Slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination revealed a cream-colored, irregular elevated inferior iris mass, extending on to the anterior lens surface. Differential diagnoses of a fungal granuloma, a medulloepithelioma, and an amelanotic melanoma were considered. An excisional biopsy of the mass was performed through a superior clear corneal incision. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of the aqueous humor showed a positive pan fungal genome. Histopathology of the biopsied mass showed a giant cell granuloma with surrounding numerous branching, septate hyphae. Culture growth revealed Aspergillus fumigatus We report this case because of the rarity of Aspergillus iris granuloma as a primary presentation of endogenous Aspergillosis and review the relevant literature. Absence of a significant systemic history compounded the diagnostic dilemma in our patient. Definitive differentiation of this rare entity from a foreign body, amelanotic melanoma, and other inflammatory conditions such as sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, may be possible only on microbiological and histo-pathological evaluation.