中药防治动脉粥样硬化研究现状述评

简要评述中药防治动脉粥样硬化的研究现状，研究证实多种中药通过调节脂质代谢、保护血管内皮细胞、抑制脂质过氧化、抑制血管平滑肌增殖、调节增殖与凋亡之间的平衡、抗炎症反应等一系列途径和环节，干预和治疗由A軎病变所引起的心脑血管疾病。     

微波煎煮中药方剂的实验研究

目的评估使用微波技术煎煮中药方剂的可行性。方法以煎出液的相对密度、pH值和紫外吸收度作为评价煎出效果的指标,用一般线性模型考察煎煮火力(文火、武火)、煎煮时间(10 m in,20 m in)和煎煮用具(电火锅,微波炉)等因素对方剂煎出效果的影响。结果以UV吸收度作为评价煎出效果的指标,GLM显示有较好煎出效果的因素是:文火(P=0.001),20 m in(P=0.018),微波炉(P=0.006)。结论微波技术适用于中药汤剂的制备。     

甲壳质及其衍生物在中药制剂中的应用

目的 :对甲壳质及其衍生物在中药制剂中的应用进行回顾。方法 :查阅国内有关资料进行综述。结果 :甲壳质及其衍生物在中药制剂中可作为澄清剂及新型辅料。结论 :甲壳质及其衍生物在中药制剂中有着广泛的应用和研究前景。     

葛根中药复方对妊娠糖尿病大鼠治疗的结局分析

目的:研究葛根中药复方对妊娠期糖尿病大鼠的治疗作用。方法:采用四氧嘧啶(alloxan,ALX)建立糖尿病妊娠大鼠动物模型,葛根中药复方糖尿病妊娠治疗组(13例)予中药复方1 mL/100 g体重灌胃,糖尿病妊娠大鼠未治疗组(12例)和正常妊娠大鼠10例作为对照。观察各组妊娠10、15、20 d血糖、妊娠20 d孕鼠血HPL、E3的水平;各组胎鼠平均身长、体重,畸形发生数。结果:中药复方治疗组与糖尿病未治疗组相比:妊娠10、15、20 d空腹血糖均有明显降低。各组妊娠20 d血E3、HPL水平无明显差异。妊娠20 d葛根中药复方治疗组与未治疗组比较胎鼠平均身长、体重有明显改善。各组均无畸形胎儿发生。结论:葛根中药复方对妊娠期糖尿病大鼠有良好的治疗作用,对妊娠糖尿病有潜在的应用前景。     

关节腔灌注骨肽加中药熏蒸治疗股骨头缺血性坏死14例

目的：观察关节腔灌注加中药熏蒸治疗股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效，力求保护修复坏死股骨头关节面，提高患者生活质量。方法：14例患者给予关节腔灌注骨肽加中药熏蒸治疗，7天为1个疗程，连续治疗3个疗程后进行评价。结果：治疗前、后患者疼痛指数、关节活动度评定得分间差别有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：关节腔灌注骨肽加中药熏蒸治疗股骨头缺血性坏死能改善患者的关节功能，加快肌力恢复，缩短康复疗程，提高保守治疗效果及生存质量。     

Natural sources of antidyslipidaemic agents: is there an evidence-based approach for their prescription?

Numerous randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses have confirmed the antidyslipidaemic activity of different dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and herbal remedies. International guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention have begun to consider dietary supplements as an evidence-based approach to improve patients’ plasma lipid levels. They already suggest to increasing or supplementing the dietary intake of soluble fibre (especially psyllium), soy proteins, plant sterols, niacin, and fish oil. Among the nutraceuticals, mevacoline and policosanol are both able to reduce plasma LDL-C by a mean of 20%. A preliminary clinical study of berberine has shown it to be the most powerful antihyperlipidaemic natural compound, reducing plasma LDL-C by 25% and triglycerides by 35%. Among the herbal remedies, several placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials have confirmed the anti-Numerous randomized clinical trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses have confirmed the antidyslipidaemic activity of different dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and herbal remedies. International guidelines for cardiovascular disease prevention have begun to consider dietary supplements as an evidence-based approach to improve patients’ plasma lipid levels. They already suggest to increasing or supplementing the dietary intake of soluble fibre (especially psyllium), soy proteins, plant sterols, niacin, and fish oil. Among the nutraceuticals, mevacoline and policosanol are both able to reduce plasma LDL-C by a mean of 20%. A preliminary clinical study of berberine has shown it to be the most powerful antihyperlipidaemic natural compound, reducing plasma LDL-C by 25% and triglycerides by 35%. Among the herbal remedies, several placebo-controlled randomized clinical trials have confirmed the antihypercholesterolaemic, and antihypertriglyceridaemic properties of aged garlic powder, artichoke leaf extracts, guggul, and fenugreek. Single small clinical trials have also suggested that Korean ginseng, green tea, onion, yarrow, holy basil and arjun have an antihypercholesterolaemic effect.     

Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of eastern Cuba

Herbal mixtures in the traditional medicine of Eastern Cuba. Traditional herbal mixtures in Eastern Cuba are investigated through interviews with 130 knowledgeable people and traditional healers of the provinces of Santiago de Cuba and Guantánamo. One hundred seventy plant species and other products are used in 199 formulas, galones being the more complex. Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae), Bidens pilosa L. (Asteraceae), Cissus sicyoides L. (Vitaceae), Erythroxylum havanense Jacq. (Erythroxylaceae) and Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (L.) Vahl. (Verbenaceae) are the species most frequently cited. The ecological distribution of the taxa and cultural and anthropological aspects of mixtures are highlighted; particularly American and African influences that have shaped local knowledge about plant combinations are discussed.     

In vitro activity of extracts and constituents of Pelagonium against rapidly growing mycobacteria

Extracts of the roots of plants of the Geraniaceae family have been used for many years in South Africa as native herbal remedies and there is circumstantial evidence for efficacy in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. We have examined dried roots of Pelargonium reniforme and P. sidoides for antibacterial activity against rapidly growing mycobacteria. Fractions with activity against Mycobacterium aurum and M. smegmatis were obtained from both plant species by bioassay-guided fractionation of n-hexane extracts and were found to contain mixtures of straight-chain fatty acids. Analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) of the corresponding fatty acid methyl esters revealed structures with chain lengths ranging from C12 to C26. Unsaturated compounds were analysed as the corresponding dimethyl disulfide adducts to determine double-bond positions. Active mixtures differed in the relative abundance of their components, but all contained 16:0 (palmitic), Δ⁹-18:1 (oleic) and Δ^9,12-18:2 (linoleic acid) as the major components. When tested against M. aurum, M. smegmatis and other rapidly growing mycobacteria (M. fortuitum, M. abscessus and M. phlei), all saturated compounds except 12:0 were devoid of antimycobacterial activity, whereas unsaturated compounds showed antimycobacterial activity related to their degree of unsaturation, their chain length and the bacterial species tested. The most potent compound was linoleic acid, with MIC of 2 mg/l against M. aurum.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Scutellaria baicalensis</Emphasis> extract decreases cisplatin-induced pica in rats

Purpose Nausea/vomiting are significant side effects associated with the use of chemotherapy in cancer patients. Treatment of nausea/vomiting caused by cisplatin, a potent chemotherapeutic agent and one of the most emetogenic stimuli, requires a combination of different antiemetic drugs. In this study, we investigated the effects of Scutellaria baicalensis, an antioxidant herbal medicine, on cisplatin-induced nausea using a rat model.Methods Rats react to emetic/nausea-producing stimuli, such as cisplatin, with altered feeding habits, manifested by pica or increased consumption of kaolin (a type of clay). We measured pica in rats to quantify cisplatin-induced nausea, and to evaluate the antinausea effect of pretreatment with S. baicalensis extract (SbE) given intraperitoneally.Results Cisplatin at 3 mg/kg induced significant pica accompanied by reduced food intake, suggesting the presence of nausea. Hence, this cisplatin dose was selected for testing the antinausea activity of SbE. Cisplatin-induced pica decreased significantly when animals were pretreated with SbE at doses of 1 mg/kg and 3 mg/kg (P<0.01). At a higher SbE dose (10 mg/kg), kaolin consumption increased, rather than further decreased, and was significantly different from that in the groups treated with low SbE doses.Conclusions SbE pretreatment decreased cisplatin-induced kaolin intake in the rat model of simulated nausea, suggesting that SbE and its active constituent(s) may play a therapeutic role in chemotherapy-induced emesis. Absence of therapeutic effect at the highest tested SbE dose could have been a result of prooxidant activity often associated with excess antioxidant concentration.This work was supported in part by NIH grants R01 CA79042, P30 CA14599, and R21 AT00381.     

植物提取物抗抑郁作用研究进展

抑郁症是较常见的疾病,影响着不同肤色、种族、性别、年龄以及不同经济地位的人们。为寻找更有效的抗抑郁剂,从我国传统植物中,发展安全、有效的抗抑郁剂已经成为了研究热点。目前已经发现不少植物提取物具有抗抑郁作用,它们从不同的方面发挥抗抑郁作用。现就植物提取物的抗抑郁作用及可能的相关机制予以综述。