凤庆县艾滋病预防控制与关怀项目效果评估

介绍了凤庆县艾滋病预防控制与关怀合作项目的开展情况，以社区关怀为重点，同时进行不同人群的宣教及行为干预活动及高危人群的STD/HIV检测工作；并总结了项目经验。     

Relation between suicide and homicide in Portugal from 1970 to 1982

To evaluate to what extent a suicide can be considered a hetero-aggression converted into self-aggression, this study analyses whether the increase in suicides corresponds to a decrease in homicides and vice-versa. Rates of suicide and homicide from 1970 to 1982 have been analysed in Portugal, Azores and Maderia, and the district and city of Lisbon; age and sex groups have also been compared. There is no inverse variation between suicides and homicides either globally or for males or females. There is also a difference in age distribution for suicides and homicides - suicides being mainly over 50 years, homicides mainly under. This suggests that it is not very plausible that self- and hetero-aggressive behaviours alternate in the same individual, although it is possible that, with increasing age, he may move from hetero- or potential hetero-aggression to self-aggression.     

1990～1992年广西老年人口主要死因及死亡率分析

目的 为制订广西老年保健和老年病防治研究计划提供科学依据。方法 应用19901－1992年广西随机抽样10市，县人口死因调查资料，分析人口老龄化指标，老年人口主要死因和死亡率。结果 广西老年人口系数为8．5％，长寿水平10．67％，老少比27％，老年人口前5位死因为呼吸系统疾病（28．40％），脑血管病（22．90％），恶性肿瘤（10．49），心脏病（9．00％），消化系统疾病（7．74％），占老年人口总死亡人数的78．50％。结论 广西人口类型为向老龄化过渡型。造成广西老年人主要死因的这些疾病与不良生活方式，行为和环境因素有关。因此改善环境，从青少年期开始培养良好生活方式和行为是主要的预防措施。     

Treatment of major depressive disorder in the Finnish general population

Background : Few general population studies of the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) have included the whole spectrum of treatments. We estimated the rates of different treatments and the effect of individual and disorder characteristics plus provider type on treatment received. Methods : In the Health 2000 Study, a representative sample (n=6,005) from the adult Finnish population (≥30 years) were interviewed (CIDI) in 2000–2001 for the presence of DSM‐IV mental disorders during the past 12 months. Logistic regression models were used to examine factors influencing the type of treatment: either pharmacotherapies (antidepressants, anxiolytics, sedatives/hypnotics, antipsychotics) or psychological treatment. Results : Of the individuals with MDD (n=288), currently 24% used antidepressants, 11% anxiolytics, 16% sedatives/hypnotics, 5% antipsychotics, and 17% reported having received psychological treatment. Overall, 31% received antidepressants or psychological treatment or both; 18% received minimally adequate treatment. Of those 33% (n=94) using health care services for mental reasons, 76% received antidepressants or psychological treatment or both; 54% received minimal adequate treatment. In logistic regression models, the use of antidepressants was associated with female sex, being single, severe MDD, perceived disability, and comorbid dysthymic disorder; psychological treatment with being divorced, perceived disability, and comorbid anxiety disorder. Conclusions : Due to the low use of health services for mental reasons, only one‐third of subjects with MDD use antidepressants, and less than one‐fifth receives psychological treatment. The treatments provided are determined mostly by clinical factors such as severity and comorbidity, in part by sex and marital status, but not education or income. Depression and Anxiety 26:1049–1059, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

An Evaluation of the Impact of Gender and Age on QT Dispersion in Healthy Subjects

Objectives: To determine if gender, age, and gender per age category, have an impact on QT and QTc dispersion in healthy volunteers. Methods: This study was undertaken in 150 patients (50 per age group, 75 males, 75 females). The age groups included young (20–40 years), middle‐aged (41–69 years) and elderly (> 70 years) subjects. The QT intervals on a 12 lead ECG were determined and Bazett's formula was used to derive the QTc intervals. The QT and QTc dispersion were determined by subtracting the shortest QTc interval from the longest on each 12‐lead recording. Results: Males had higher QT dispersion than females (50 ± 22 vs 42 ± 18 ms, P = 0.017) but QTc dispersion was not significantly changed. No significant differences were seen among the different age categories for QT or QTc dispersion. In elderly subjects, males had higher QT and QTc dispersion than females (54 ± 23 vs 42 ±15 ms, P = 0.039 and 63 ± 23.7 vs 48 ± 21 ms, P = 0.032, respectively). Conclusions: When evaluating the effect of gender in different age categories, elderly males have significantly greater QT and QTc dispersion than elderly female subjects. No other gender differences were noted for QT or QTc dispersion in the other two age categories. When evaluating a population of healthy volunteers, regardless of age, gender has an impact on QT dispersion but no significant interaction with QTc dispersion. Evaluating age without dividing the data by gender yields no significant differences in QT or QTc dispersion. A.N.E. 2001;6(2):129–133     

Hippocampal long‐term potentiation is enhanced in urethane‐anesthetized RGS2 knockout mice

RGS2 is a member of the regulator of G‐protein signaling (RGS) family and has been implicated in cellular mechanisms associated with neuronal plasticity. Long‐term potentiation (LTP) of RGS2 knockout and wild‐type mice was examined at the Schaffer collaterals to CA1 pathway in urethane‐anesthetized mice in vivo to examine RGS2's possible role in the regulation of potentiation. As compared to wild‐type mice, RGS2 knockouts demonstrated much stronger LTP of the extracellular population spikes at the somatic and dendritic layers in CA1 region and more pronounced LTP of the population excitatory postsynaptic current sink. Under baseline conditions, RGS2 knockouts showed lower paired‐pulse facilitation of the excitatory postsynaptic potentials and associated current sinks in vivo as compared with wild‐type mice. The data show for the first time that RGS2 deficient mice in vivo differ from wild‐type mice in both short‐term and long‐term synaptic plasticity suggesting that RGS2 serves as a negative regulator of long‐term synaptic plasticity. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

250名矿区流动人口艾滋病相关知识、态度及行为调查

目的了解矿区流动人口社会学特征、艾滋病知识、态度、行为等方面的情况,为矿区流动人口的艾滋病宣传干预工作提供理论依据。方法随机抽取5处铁矿的250名流动人口,进行一对一匿名问卷调查。结果矿区流动人口以青壮年为主;男性、未婚者占大部分;初中文化程度为主;以跨市区流动为主。艾滋病知识的知晓率较高,同时也存在一定比例的错误认识。安全套使用率较低。结论应加强针对流动人口的艾滋病宣传干预工作,减少流动人口艾滋病相关高危行为的发生。     

Effect of electrical stimulation on the viability of the hippocampal slice preparation

Continuous electrical stimulation of rat hippocampal slices at a frequency of 1 Hz brought about a 50% decline in the evoked population spike amplitude at a rate 5 times faster than that caused by very low frequency (1/600 Hz) stimulation. Within 2 hr after the high frequency stimulation began the evoked response totally disappeared. By contrast low frequency stimulated slices maintained an evoked response for at least 9 hr. Continuous electrical stimulation, especially at high frequency seems to facilitate the deterioration of the in vitro hippocampal slice preparation.     

Glucose tolerance in Papua New Guinea: comparison of Austronesian and non-Austronesian communities of Karkar Island

Epidemiological studies in Pacific populations have suggested a relationship between glucose tolerance and proportional Austronesian genetic admixture, with non-Austronesian Melanesians relatively free of glucose intolerance. However, a survey conducted in 1985 demonstrated the apparent emergence of glucose intolerance in a peri-urban non-Austronesian community, casting doubt on this hypothesis. In 1986 glucose tolerance was studied in three village communities on Karkar Island, Papua New Guinea. Two were of Austronesian and one was of non-Austronesian genetic ancestry. Prevalence of diabetes was low in all communities. However, prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 7% in the more developed Austronesian community, as compared with 2% in the equivalent non-Austronesian group (p less than 0.05). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated not only a highly significant association between 2-h plasma glucose and insulin concentrations (p less than 0.001), but also that for a given value of plasma insulin, 2-h plasma glucose values were lower for non-Austronesian than for Austronesian subjects (males, p less than 0.05, females, p less than 0.01). However, average plasma insulin concentrations were relatively high in the non-Austronesian community, despite lower average plasma glucose concentrations.     

Steady-state population pharmacokinetics of sustained release theophylline in adult asthmatic patients

The steady-state population pharmacokinetics of theophylline were studied in 52 asthmatic adult patients who received sustained-release theophylline as armophylline or euphylline. A total of 92 steady-state plasma theophylline concentration-dosage pairs were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed effects model. The pharmacokinetic model used was a one-compartment open model with single path Michaelis-Menten elimination. Dosage was adjusted to body weight. The effects of age, gender, alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, dosage form, concurrent treatment with beta-agonists or steroids, outpatient dosing, and plasma caffeine concentration on maximum elimination rate (Vm) and Michaelis constant for theophylline metabolism (Km) were investigated. Hypothesis testing produced a final model in which Km = 0.42 (mg/l), and Vm (mg/kg per day) was based on cigarette smoking and dosage form, with Vm = 7.54 + 2.01 (smoking) + 1.08 (euphylline). Estimated coefficients of variation for interindividual variability in Km and Vm were 162.6% and 48.1%, respectively. Residual variability in dosage rates was estimated as 0.90 mg/kg per day. The identification of factors influencing theophylline disposition should prove useful for the a priori design of theophylline dosage regimens and monitoring of drug levels during therapy.