电视硬质气管镜治疗大气道良性肿瘤

目的探讨电视硬质气管镜在大气道良性肿瘤治疗中的价值.方法2002年9月～2005年4月,我院应用电视硬质气管镜治疗大气道良性肿瘤7例,其中气管1例,隆突1例,左主支气管3例,右主支气管2例.手术采用静脉全身麻醉,喷射通气供氧,探查评估气道后,首先冷冻或电凝肿瘤,破坏肿瘤血供,再以活检钳分块取出,蒂部采用冷冻或氩气凝固处理;对于宽蒂肿瘤,内镜下将肿瘤主体清除后中转开胸行气管局部切除吻合术.结果7例手术均顺利,无一例死亡和严重并发症发生.6例气管窄蒂良性肿瘤镜下完整摘除,1例气管膜部宽蒂平滑肌瘤先内镜清除肿瘤主体后中转开胸行气管局部切除.术后病理为错构瘤2例,平滑肌瘤3例,嗜酸性肉芽肿性腺瘤1例,炎症组织1例.7例随访3～36个月,平均17.3月,无肿瘤复发.结论电视硬质气管镜治疗大气道良性肿瘤安全可靠.     

薄层斜轴位T2WI扫描在判断子宫恶性肿瘤宫颈浸润范围中的价值

目的 探讨薄层斜轴位扫描在判断子宫恶性肿瘤宫颈浸润范围中的价值. 资料与方法 回顾性分析53例经手术病理证实的子宫恶性肿瘤患者的MRI资料,比较普通轴位、旁矢状位及薄层斜轴位T2WI 3种扫描方法对判断子宫恶性肿瘤宫颈浸润范围的准确性. 结果 普通轴位、旁矢状位和薄层斜轴位T2WI判断宫颈病变浸润范围的准确性分别为77.36%、60.38%和92.45%.普通轴位与旁矢状位相比（χ2=3.56,P＞0.05）,两者之间差异无统计学意义;薄层斜轴位与旁矢状位比较（χ2=15.13,P＜0.05）,两者之间差异有统计学意义.薄层斜轴位与普通轴位比较（χ2=4.71,P＜0.05）,两者之间差异有统计学意义. 结论 对于宫颈病变浸润程度和范围的准确评价,薄层斜轴位扫描是一种非常必要而且有用的方法,应在常规轴位扫描的基础上加扫薄层斜轴位,提高宫颈病变浸润程度和范围判断的准确性.     

CT灌注成像在乳腺肿瘤中的临床应用价值

CT灌注成像作为功能成像技术之一,将组织学功能与解剖学结构完美地结合在一起,在血管性病变及肿瘤性病变中有着很高的临床应用价值,在乳腺肿瘤中的应用尚处于起步阶段。此技术可用于乳腺肿瘤的临床诊断、鉴别诊断及治疗监测等几个方面,因而有着广阔的应用前景。本文就CT灌注成像技术的基本原理及其在乳腺肿瘤中的临床应用予以综述。     

Risk factors for capillary leakage syndrome after bone marrow transplantation

 Age, hematopoietic growth factors, cyclosporin A, mode of bone marrow transplantation (BMT) (autologous, allogeneic-related, unrelated), and underlying disease were assessed as potential risk factors for capillary leakage syndrome (CLS) in 96 patients after BMT. CLS was defined as unexplained weight gain of >3% within 24 h and nonresponsiveness to furosemide. CLS occurred in 9/21 patients after unrelated compared with 2/33 after allogeneic-related BMT (p=0.0017) for hematopoietic disorders (n=54) and in 6/7 patients after allogeneic-related compared with 3/35 after autologous BMT (p=0.0001) for solid tumors (n=42). Hematopoietic growth factors and cyclosporin A were no signficant risk factors on their own. We conclude that unrelated BMTs or high-intensity conditioning regimens used in combination with allogeneic-related BMT are the main risk factors for CLS. Received: 6 January 1997 / Accepted: 10 March 1997     

Chemotherapy in intracerebrally transplanted tumors induced with transplacental administration of ethylnitrosourea in rats

Summary Four tumors of the spinal cord were induced with ethylnitrosourea in rats by transplacental administration and transplanted into the brains of animals of the same strain. One of these intracerebrally grafted tumor lines (G-XIII) was followed up over the first 10 passages and treated with CCNU and other alkylating drugs. The results were compared with findings in an earlier established line (G-XII) in passage 12 and 59, which in the first instance was sensitive to CCNU. The CCNU application prolonged survival in treated animals in various treatment schedules in the first 10 intracerebrally grafted generations of the tumor up to 59%. Induction times of tumors became increasingly shorter. The susceptibility of early passages was similar in both lines. Its loss in late passages went together with diffuse growth of the tumor and reticulin fiber production. In addition, glial fibrillary acid protein expression and formation of intermediate filaments in perivascular tumor cells was lost.     

The chemotherapy of posterior Fossa tumors in childhood

Conventional therapy for brain tumors, consisting of neurosurgical intervention and radiotherapy, has not resulted in the successes achievable in other childhood malignancies. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy, well defined in many childhood cancers, has not yet contributed significantly to the treatment of children with brain tumors. Chemotherapy of recurrent tumors has produced regressions but no cures. The most active agents identified to date in the treatment of recurrent posterior fossa tumors include cisplatinum, cyclophosphamide and methotrexate. Future efforts will need to focus on the rational selection of drugs for study in limited agent histology-stratified phase II trials, with advancement of active agents into large randomized phase III adjuvant therapy trials.     

Primary breast lymphoma.

Primary breast lymphoma (PBL) is a rare tumor of the breast. Three cases of PBL are being described. All three cases achieved remission following biopsy, chemotherapy, and/or radiotherapy. The literature is extensively reviewed with emphasis on true incidence of PBL and survival rates.     

卵巢浆液性肿瘤几种形态测量指标的比较

应用体视学方法对卵巢浆液性肿瘤进行研究，从定量的角度对卵巢良性、交界性及恶性肿瘤的五项指标进行比较，包括（１）细胞核长短轴之比；（２）结缔组织间质与上皮细胞体积密度之比；（３）细胞核与细胞浆体积密度之比（核浆比）；（４）细胞核平均直径；（５）乳头的上皮厚度。结果表明恶性肿瘤核浆体积密度比明显高于交界性及良性肿瘤（ｐ＜０．０１）；恶性肿瘤结缔组织间质与上皮细胞体积密度之比明显小于交界性及良性肿瘤（Ｐ＜０．０１）。     

Perioperative tumor localization for laparoscopic colorectal surgery

Background: Because of the inability to palpate colonic tumors during laparoscopy, their location must be precisely identified before resection is undertaken. Method: A retrospective study was performed of 58 patients in order to be able to describe our methods of tumor localization for laparoscopic colorectal operations and to review their effectiveness. Results: In all patients, the entire colon was examined preoperatively by colonoscopy. In one patient, preoperative colonoscopic localization was inaccurate. In 31 patients, tumors were easily detectable at surgery. In five patients with the tumor in the right colon, even though the lesion was not detectable at surgery, right colectomy was performed without marking because preoperative colonoscopy reliably identified the lesion adjacent to the ileocecal valve. Twenty-two patients required some type of procedure to localize the tumor. The procedures and their problems were as follows: preoperative tattoo (five)—tattoo not visualized (one); intraoperative colonoscopy alone (six), combined with intraoperative tattoo (four) or clip (three)—poor operative exposure due to bowel distension (nine), hard to see the clip (three), dislodged clip (two), inadequate resection margin (one); intraoperative proctoscopy alone (two), combined with laparoscopic stitch (two)—no problems. In no patient was tumor present at a resection line and in no patient was the wrong segment resected. Conclusions: Reliable preoperative identification of the tumor adjacent to the ileocecal valve can permit right colectomy without marking. Lesions in the upper rectum can be approached via intraoperative proctoscopy ± suture placement. If the surgeon anticipates intraoperative localization may be difficult, lesions other than rectal or cecal ones should probably be marked by preoperative tattooing. Further studies regarding the technique of tattooing are warranted. Received: 18 July 1996/Accepted: 10 March 1997     

妇科腹腔镜手术中转开腹22例原因分析

目的 探讨妇科腹腔镜手术中转开腹的原因及从中吸取的经验。方法 回顾分析2004年6月-2007年6月我院982例妇科腹腔镜手术中中转开腹22例的临床资料。结果 腹腔镜中转开腹率为2．24％，22例中转开腹的原因及其所占的比例依次为：盆腔粘连6例（27．27％），子宫肌瘤部位特殊3例（13．64％），并发症3例（13．64％），卵巢恶性肿瘤3例（13．64％），术中出血3例（13．64％），官角妊娠2例（9．09％），盆腔肿瘤来源于肠道者2例（9．09％）。结论 术者手术技巧是手术中转开腹原因之一，要提高手术操作技巧；明确术前诊断，充分估计手术难度，可以减少腹腔镜手术中转开腹率；遇到困难，适时开腹可以减少手术并发症。