情绪释放技术在白内障日间手术老年患者中的应用

目的 探讨情绪释放技术在老年白内障日间手术患者中的应用,评价其减轻患者术前焦虑情绪、降低术前紧张性高血压发生率的效果。方法 通过便利抽样法,选取2021年09月-12月于本院手术室接受白内障日间手术的老年患者216例,采用历史对照研究,将2021年09-10月符合纳入标准的108例白内障日间手术患者作为对照组,2021年11-12月的108例白内障日间手术患者作为实验组,对照组采取常规的护理干预措施,实验组在常规护理干预的基础上联合情绪释放技术的护理方案进行干预。比较两组患者的焦虑评分、血压、患者满意度。结果 实验组患者焦虑评分、血压降低幅度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者家属满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 情绪释放技术可以有效地降低术前紧张性高血压的发生率,缓解白内障老年患者的焦虑情绪,降低手术取消率,提高患者的满意度,提升护理服务质量,为手术的顺利进行提供保障。     

计算机化认知训练对轻度认知障碍患者干预效果的系统评价再评价

目的 对计算机化认知训练对轻度认知障碍患者干预效果的系统评价再评价,为开展计算机化认知训练提供证据支持。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI）循证卫生保健中心数据库、万方数据库、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库,检索内容涉及计算机化认知训练对轻度认知障碍患者干预效果的系统评价/Meta分析,检索时限为建库至2021年12月。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、分别对纳入的系统评价和结局指标进行质量评价。排除重复的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trials,RCT）,并对主要RCT重新进行Meta分析。结果 最终纳入10篇系统评价/Meta分析,系统评价方法学质量评价结果显示,1篇为中等质量,其余均为低或较低质量。结果显示,计算机化认知训练有助于改善轻度认知障碍患者的整体认知功能,但对执行功能、记忆功能、注意功能等的干预效果仍需进一步证实。结论 计算机化认知训练有助于改善轻度认知障碍患者的认知功能,受纳入研究的数量及质量限制,尚需...     

Incorporating shared decision making into communication with older adults with cancer and their caregivers: Development and evaluation of a geriatric shared decision-making communication skills training module

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate a Communication Skills Training (CST) module for health care providers (HCPs) applying a shared decision-making approach to a meeting with an older adult with cancer and his/her family.MethodsNinety-nine HCPs from community-based centers, cancer centers, and hospitals in the Northeastern U.S. who worked primarily with older adult patients participated in a CST module entitled Geriatric Shared Decision Making. Participants completed pre- and post-training Standardized Patient Assessments (SPAs) and a survey on their confidence in and intent to utilize skills taught.ResultsResults indicated high HCP satisfaction with the module, with over 95 % of participants reporting high endorsement to all five evaluation items. HCPs’ self-efficacy in utilizing communication skills related to geriatric shared decision making significantly increased pre- to post-training. In standardized patient assessments among a subset of providers (n = 30), HCPs demonstrated improvements in three shared decision-making skills: declare agenda, invite agenda, and check preference.ConclusionA geriatric shared decision-making CST workshop for HCPs showed feasibility, acceptability, and improvement in self-efficacy as well as skill uptake.Practice implicationsThis Geriatric Shared Decision-Making CST module provides an intervention for improving provider-patient-family member communication in the context of cancer care for older adults.     

老年患者出院准备服务专家共识（2019版）

目的 形成老年患者出院准备服务临床实践专家共识,规范老年患者出院准备服务的相关内容。方法 运用循证方法,按照证据级别高低,检索、评价和汇总该领域的证据,提取与老年患者出院准备服务相关的推荐建议和研究结论,形成共识初稿,通过2轮专家函询和2次专家论证会,结合专家意见,对初稿进行调整、修改和完善,形成共识终稿。结果 2轮函询专家积极系数均为100%,专家权威程度均为0.83,各指标重要性赋值均数均>3.5,且变异系数均<0.25,专家肯德尔和谐系数分别为0.234和0.253（均P<0.001）。最终对老年患者出院准备服务的概念、主要原则、意义、内容及实施过程5个部分的推荐意见达成一致。 结论 该共识为老年患者出院准备服务在中国的实施提供了指导依据,促进出院准备服务在中国的实施和发展。     

全身振动训练对老年人平衡能力效果的Meta分析

目的 系统评价全身振动训练对改善老年人平衡能力的效果。 方法 检索PubMed、Embase、Web of Science、CINAHL、PEDro、Cochrane Library、中国生物医学数据库、中国知网、万方和维普数据库中关于全身振动训练在老年人中应用的随机对照试验。检索时限为建库至2019年3月。采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta分析。 结果 最终纳入25篇文献,共1 763名老年人。Meta分析结果显示,全身振动训练能够改善老年人的动态、静态与功能性平衡能力,降低老年人跌倒的发生率（P<0.05）,但在提高老年人的身体健康与心理健康水平方面,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。 结论 全身振动训练有助于改善老年人的动态、静态和功能性平衡能力,降低跌倒发生率,但在改善身体健康和心理健康方面效果不显著。     

Effects of audit and feedback on professional practice in Geriatric Acute Care Units

PurposeTo evaluate the effects of audit and feedback on service delivery and patient functioning in Austrian Geriatric Acute Care Units.MethodsQuality initiative based on a standardised documentation form (core and optional data set) and a web-based performance feedback with peer comparison in 18 Geriatric Acute Care Units, representing 40% of all Austrian units. Main outcome measures were compliance with desired practice of geriatric care (comprehensive geriatric assessment [CGA], therapeutic consequences), discharge characteristics and mortality.ResultsOverall 22,279 patient records were documented between 2008 and 2010. Active involvement in the web-based feedback system was indicated by a high frequency of data queries per year, 1401, 3148 and 2883 for 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. The mean completion rate for CGA tests increased from 73% in 2008 to 78% in 2010 (P < 0.05). For centres with completion of core and optional data (n = 8), the average number of documented therapeutic interventions increased from 4.4 to 5.0 (P < 0.05). Those aspects of CGA focusing on activities of daily living, mobility and cognition prompted the greatest degree of corresponding therapeutic interventions (> 90%). A lower intervention rate was induced by the nutritional assessment (< 20%). Mortality and discharge characteristics such as level of care and percentage of patients living at home after discharge did not change over the time.ConclusionFollowing implementation of a web-based performance feedback with peer comparison in Austrian Geriatric Acute Care Units, an improvement in health care professionals’ compliance with desired practice of geriatric care, but not in patients’ discharge characteristics, was observed.     

Bioelectric impedance phase angle is associated with hospital mortality of geriatric patients

Malnutrition is regularly associated with weight loss and changes in body composition, which lead to an increase in disability, complications and mortality. Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple and non-invasive bedside body composition analysis technique. In particular, bioelectric impedance phase angle (PA) has been shown to predict prognosis and mortality in several clinical conditions. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of BIA measurements and hospital mortality in multimorbid geriatric patients. The data obtained from the routine clinical admissions of 1071 consecutive patients (783 women and 288 men, age 81.4 ± 8.5 years) to a geriatric hospital unit was analyzed retrospectively. A significant difference of PA (50 kHz) between survivors (4.2 ± 1.1°) and non-survivors (3.6 ± 1.2°; p < 0.001) of the hospital stay could be detected. Subjects with a PA below 3.5° showed a significant fourfold increased hospital mortality of 20% (95% CI = 15-24%) compared to all other subjects (5%; 95% CI = 4-7%). No calculated parameters of BIA reflecting body composition were associated with hospital mortality. Although the extent to which the PA may be regarded as a marker of nutritional state is still controversial, it was associated with hospital mortality in geriatric patients.