股骨髁部支撑钢板修复股骨远端骨折效果评价

背景：股骨远端骨折多为粉碎性、不稳定性骨折,并伴有局部软组织及微循环的严重损伤,骨折愈合较为困难,髁部支撑钢板为临床广泛应用的治疗手段,但影响其预后的相关因素多样,各方报道亦不一。目的：探讨股骨髁部支撑钢板对股骨远端骨折治疗效果的影响因素。方法：回顾性分析股骨髁部支撑钢板置入治疗股骨远端骨折84例患者的临床资料,收集相关数据,应用单因素分析和Logistic回归分析筛查可能的影响因素。结果与结论：84例患者中,Neer评分优良患者63例（75%）,单因素分析显示,年龄、骨折类型、损伤类型、手术时机、复位质量、CPM锻炼各组间临床疗效差异存在显著性意义（P〈0.05）,Logistic回归分析显示,年龄越大,临床疗效越差（OR=0.797）,复位满意者、A型骨折和CPM锻炼者临床疗效好,OR分别为2.275,1.756,2.885。结果可见对于股骨远端骨折患者,髁部支撑钢板置入过程中良好的解剖复位和关节嵌合,置入后早期的CPM功能锻炼可有效的促进膝关节功能恢复,对于C型骨折患者,可考虑双钢板强化固定提高疗效。     

双重建钢板治疗肱骨髁间骨折

目的探讨双重建钢板治疗肱骨髁间骨折的临床疗效。方法 60例肱骨髁间骨折AO/ASIF分型均为C型,随机分为治疗组与对照组,各30例,治疗组采用双重建钢板内固定治疗,对照组采用克氏针内固定手术治疗,术后2组均随访1年,观察术后骨折愈合时间、肘关节活动范围、功能恢复及治疗效果。结果治疗组骨折愈合显著优于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组术后1,6,12月随访肘关节活动范围均显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;治疗组术后12月随访肘关节功能恢复优良率显著高于对照组,组间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论双重建钢板治疗肱骨髁间骨折,患者术后可行早期康复训练,能明显促进肘关节功能恢复,提高患者肘关节活动范围,缩短骨折愈合时间。     

小切口技术在取四肢接骨板中的应用

目的探讨小切口取四肢接骨板的手术方法及效果。方法2003年5月-2006年5月我院共行小切口接骨板取出术78例，其中胫骨内侧接骨板32例，股骨26例，桡骨12例，锁骨8例。结果所有患者的接骨板及螺钉均顺利取出，手术时间20—60min，平均（40，0±0，5）min，出血10～50ml。无一例切口感染和皮缘坏死，无一例神经、血管损伤，住院时间3～7d，术后8～12d拆线。随访4～12个月，关节功能均良好，X线片未见断钉及残余钉。结论小切口接骨板取出术创伤小，失血少，恢复快，但需了解各型接骨板的特点，熟悉四肢神经、血管走行，根据X线片仔细定位。设计合适小切口，正确选择小切口手术的适应证。     

Biochemical Changes in Bone Grafts Stabilized with Rigid Plates: I. Cancellous Grafts

The effect of rigid plate fixation on the chemical composition of cancellous interposition grafts was studied in rabbit tibio-fibular bones.

The concentrations of hexosamines and, to a lesser degree, of hydroxyproline and nitrogen, were high in the graft for the first 6 weeks, decreased from weeks 6 to 12, but remained higher than the corresponding values for the controls throughout the experiment (52 weeks). The ratio of hexosamines to hydroxyproline was highest for the graft at 3 weeks, indicating formation of cartilage and osteoid.

The initially low calcium concentration of the graft increased by 35 per cent from weeks 1 to 6, decreased from weeks 6 to 12, and remained below normal thereafter in comparison with corresponding values for the cortical host bone. The ratio of calcium to hydroxyproline increased throughout the experiment, reflecting maturation of the graft to lamellar bone.

Thus, biochemically the early incorporation of rigidly fixed cancellous interposition grafts resembles the healing of unimmobilized fractures by callus formation.     

悬臂矩形中厚板的弯曲

本文将广义简支边的概念加以补充和推广,以便应用考虑横向剪切变形影响的Reissner平板理论。用叠加法求得在平行于固定边的自由边中点作用一集中荷载的悬臀矩形中厚板弯曲的精确解。     

Bio-absorbable plates and screws for internal fixation of mandibular fractures: A study in six dogs

Bio-absorbable plates and screws were used for internal fixation of artificially created mandibular fractures in 6 dogs. The plates and screws were fabricated from a block of poly(L-lactide) (PLLA), with a high molecular weight. The material is microporous and has excellent mechanical properties. Plates and screws were inserted in accordance with Champy's principles on internal fixation. Clinical and radiographical follow-up and examination of the fracture site under general anesthesia showed that all fractures healed without callus and without complications. The plates or screws did not fail, despite the tensile strength of the PLLA used is less than stainless steel or any other metal. An explanation for their successful application may be the high impact resilience of this material. The proprioceptive mechanisms, however, that keep the dogs from maximal loading of their broken mandibles, may also play a role. Plates and screws of this bio-absorbable PLLA appear to be an attractive alternative for internal fixation of mandibular fractures and certainly for less loaded fractures of the human skeleton. The necessity to remove metallic osteosynthesis can be avoided.     

Mounting and calibration of stairs on piezoelectric force platforms

To calculate the centre of pressure using piezoelectric force plates mounted on pads, no net tensile stresses may be imposed on the surface of the plate. This condition is violated when stairs are attached to the plates, unless the plates are preloaded. Typical shear forces encountered when climbing stairs were used to determine required preloads of approximately 16.4 N/cm step height. Vertical and horizontal loads were applied at known locations on the steps, and points of application were calculated. Deviations were within ± 3 mm. The effect of point of application inaccuracy on calculated joint moments is considerable. A 2 cm medial shift in the point of application resulted in calculated peak knee abduction/adduction moment errors of 35%.     

Plate Osteosynthesis for Shaft Fractures of the Tibia

Out of 46 tibial shaft fractures treated by the AO method 42 healed primarily and four had delayed union. Otherwise no serious complications were encountered.     

双钢板治疗Schatzker Ⅴ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨双钢板治疗SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折疗效。方法采用双钢板治疗15例SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ胫骨平台骨折患者,术后第1天即进行膝关节功能锻炼。结果患者经过6~38个月随访,术后伤口一期愈合,无骨折延迟、畸形愈合。X线片显示胫骨平台均未发生二期塌陷,膝关节屈曲120°~135°。膝关节功能采用Iowa膝关节评分标准评定:优10例,良4例,可1例。结论采用双钢板治疗SchatzkerⅤ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折,术中注意避免对胫前皮瓣和骨折端血供的过分破坏、固定可靠及术后及时正确功能锻炼是取得良好疗效的关键。     

胫骨远端后内侧解剖钢板治疗大块后踝骨折

目的探讨胫骨远端后内侧解剖钢板治疗大块后踝骨折的临床疗效。方法采用小腿后内侧入路胫骨远端后内侧解剖钢板内固定对18例大块后踝骨折患者进行手术治疗。结果18例随访4～16个月，骨折均愈合，伤口均一期愈合，无皮肤坏死、伤口感染、钢板外露等严重并发症；按Mazur等踝关节功能评分标准：优13例，良4例，可1例。结论胫骨远端后内侧解剖钢板符合胫骨远端后内侧的解剖形态，起到一种压板效应，固定确切可靠，对于后踝大块骨折具有明显的优越性。