外伤性白内障术后t—PA防治前房渗出的研究

目的：探讨t－PA防治外伤性白内障术后前房渗出的效果及对眼组织的毒性，方法：将78眼外伤白内障分3组，60眼随机分观察组和对照组各30眼，观察组人工晶状体植入术后前房注射t－PA10μg(0.1ml)，对照组注射生理盐水，观察两组前房渗出发生率等，治疗组18眼为术后出现前房渗出者，14眼前房注射t-PA10μg，观察治疗效果。结果：观察组1眼轻度前房渗出，对照组8眼为中，重度渗出（P＜0．05），治疗组14眼注射t－PA48小时渗出完全,4 未注射t－PA者2眼8天渗出完全吸收，2眼人工晶状体前膜形成，结论：t-PA前房注射对外伤性白内障术前房渗出有预防作用，可迅速溶解渗出的纤维蛋白且无毒性。     

大网膜及纤维蛋白胶在结肠手术中的应用

目的总结大网膜及纤维蛋白胶（FG）粘贴在结肠手术中的治疗效果。方法回顾分析48例实行结肠手术的患者的临床资料，在吻合口吻合完毕后采取大网膜及纤维蛋白胶粘贴治疗。结果结肠手术患者采用大网膜及纤维蛋白胶粘贴治疗降低了术后吻合口瘘的发生率。结论结果表明，大网膜及FG的作用一定程度上减少了发生吻合口瘘的危险因素，促进了吻合口的生长。只要正确掌握手术适应证，采用该方法做结肠一期吻合，尤其对于急性梗阻患者，大大降低了术后吻合口瘘的发生率。     

Management of gastric fistula complicating laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy with biological glue in a combined percutaneous and endoscopic approach

Background

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) is considered as a first line treatment for morbid obesity around the globe. Leakage and subsequent gastric fistula is the most dreadful complication, which may lead to serious morbidity and even mortality.

Value of the D-dimer test in diagnosing deep vein thrombosis in rehabilitation inpatients

OBJECTIVE: To assess the utility of the D-dimer test-a widely available, less costly, and less time-consuming test than others used to diagnose or exclude deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism. DESIGN: Blind comparison. SETTING: An inpatient rehabilitation facility in Turkey. PARTICIPANTS: Sixty-eight consecutive inpatients being rehabilitated after stroke, spinal cord injury, hip arthroplasty, or traumatic brain injury. INTERVENTIONS: A latex D-dimer assay was performed on each patient at admission and then weekly throughout the hospital stay. Color Doppler ultrasonography of the lower limbs was also done for each patient at admission and was repeated when indicated by clinical signs and symptoms of DVT or by elevated D-dimer levels.Main outcome measures Patients' clinical findings, D-dimer test results, and ultrasonography results were recorded. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were calculated for the D-dimer test, each clinical finding, and combinations of D-dimer results and clinical findings in relation to DVT diagnosis. RESULTS: The sensitivity and negative predictive value of the D-dimer test were high, at 95.2% and 96.2%, respectively. The specificity and positive predictive value were low, at 55.3% and 48.7%, respectively. No single clinical finding was reliably diagnostic for DVT. CONCLUSIONS: The D-dimer assay is a reliable method for ruling out DVT. In the rehabilitation setting, it can be used as a routine screening test or to assess cases of suspected DVT. D-dimer testing may reduce the need for sophisticated, time-consuming, and expensive diagnostic workup of rehabilitation inpatients, a group that is at increased risk for DVT.     

Healing of colonic anastomoses: Comparative experimental study of glued,manually sutured,and stapled anastomoses

In 10 pigs a nonsutured, glued colonic anastomosis was constructed with a modified stapling device without staples and compared with an EEA-stapled anastomosis and a one-layer-sutured anastomosis concerning radiologic appearance, breaking strength, circulation, and collagen concentration.¹⁴¹Ce-labeled microspheres were used for measurements of the anastomotic blood flow before the animals were sacrificed on the 4th postoperative day. The breaking strength was recorded and an anastomotic index calculated. No leakage was found. The anastomotic width did not differ between the groups, but the interindividual variation was more prominent in the sutured group. The handsewn and stapled anastomoses were stronger than the glued anastomosis (P=0.0009 and 0.0054, respectively). There was an increase in the anastomotic circulation in all of the anastomoses, but no differences were seen between groups. The collagen concentration was independent of the technique used.     

局部应用医用生物蛋白胶释放NGF治疗大鼠视神经不完全损伤

目的研究局部应用医用生物蛋白胶释放神经生长因子(NGF)对大鼠视神经不完全损伤的治疗作用。方法将含有NGF生物蛋白胶放入培养基,于不同时间检测培养基中NGF的活性。将24只SD雄性大鼠随机分为假手术组(第1组),空白对照组(第2组),NGF肌注组(第3组)和实验组(第4组);每组6只。用手术造成左侧视神经不完全性损伤。第3组术后肌注NGF450U/d,共10d;第4组术中于损伤视神经局部注入生物蛋白胶0.2m(l含NGF450U),分别于术后第14、28天进行闪光视觉诱发电位(F-VEP)检测和视网膜节细胞(RGC)计数。结果 NGF在10h内逐渐从生物蛋白胶中释放至培养基。与第1组相比,第2、3、4组在术后第14天受损视神经的F-VEPP1潜伏期分别延长100%、45.5%和13.6%,波幅分别下降58.6%、44.6%和21.4%。术后第28天第2组受损视神经无电活动;与第1组相比,第3、4组P1潜伏期分别延长95.9%和34.9%,波幅分别下降60.9%和38.2%。各组不同时间F-VEPP1潜伏期和波幅均有明显差异(P0.05)。与第1组相比,第2、3、4组术后第14天受损侧RGC计数分别减少50.5%、34.4%和21.3%,第28天分别减少64.7%、47.6%和29.6%。各组之间受损侧RGC计数差异显著(P0.01)。结论医用生物蛋白胶可释放NGF。局部应用医用生物蛋白胶释放NGF对大鼠视神经不完全损伤疗效优于NGF肌肉注射。     

血管移植物置换犬颈总动脉的研究

目的 观察以猪血纤维蛋白/微孔聚氨酯弹性膜为管形支架内皮化构建的小口径血管移植物在体内血流动力条件下血管壁重塑过程.方法 用体外培养的小口径血管移植物置换6条犬双侧颈总动脉,于术后1 d、1周、2周、4周行影像学检查,并于术后5 d、2周、4周取材行组织学、免疫组织化学和扫描电镜检查以评价移植血管在体内重塑.结果 10根血管移植物中有8根仍保持通畅(通畅率80%);8根通畅的血管在术后至4周的不同时点取出发现其内表面菲薄、光滑,被覆盖一连续、鹅卵石样单层细胞,Ⅷ因子相关抗原抗体染色阳性.术后4周时新生动脉壁厚900μm,并于血管壁中层可见较多平滑肌细胞,而且最早于术后4周时在血管壁中层就可见弹力纤维.结论 猪血纤维蛋白/微孔聚氨酯弹性膜管形支架内皮化体外构建的小口径血管移植物在体内重塑后,可形成具有类似自体动脉壁结构.     

化学胶和纤维蛋白胶栓塞兔肺支气管的初步对照研究

目的 研究α-氰基丙烯酸烷基酯类化学胶(化学胶)和纤维蛋白胶栓塞支气管的效果差异以及胰蛋白酶在其中的辅助作用.方法 30只新西兰兔完全随机分为化学胶组、纤维蛋白胶组、胰蛋白酶+化学胶组、胰蛋白酶+纤维蛋白胶组和单纯胰蛋白酶组.化学胶组、纤维蛋白胶组分别使用相应粘接剂栓塞兔肺支气管;胰蛋白酶+化学胶组、胰蛋白酶+纤维蛋白胶组先用猪胰蛋白酶预处理支气管,然后分别采用相应粘接剂栓塞兔肺支气管;单纯胰蛋白酶组只用猪胰蛋白酶处理支气管而不进行支气管栓塞.栓塞操作在X线透视下进行,通过CT扫描观察兔肺不张的发生发展.2周后处死动物,取出兔肺标本进行病理研究.结果 化学胶组全部动物出现肺不张且持续到2周.纤维蛋白胶组栓塞后第2天4只动物出现短期的肺不张,10 d时已经全部复通.联合使用胰蛋白酶组肺组织病理有纤维组织增生.结论 化学胶栓塞支气管效果优于纤维蛋白胶效果.栓塞前用胰蛋白酶预处理支气管能够使肺不张更加稳定,具有很好的协同作用.     

Effect of fibrin glue on the prevention of persistent cerebral spinal fluid leakage after incidental durotomy during lumbar spinal surgery

Approximately one million spinal surgeries are performed in the United States each year. The risk of an incidental durotomy (ID) and resultant persistent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage is a significant concern for surgeons, as this complication has been associated with increased length of hospitalization, worse neurological outcome, and the development of CSF fistulae. Augmentation of standard dural suture repair with the application of fibrin glue has been suggested to reduce the frequency of these complications. This study examined unintended durotomies during lumbar spine surgery in a large surgical patient cohort and the impact of fibrin glue usage as part of the ID repair on the incidence of persistent CSF leakage. A retrospective analysis of 4,835 surgical procedures of the lumbar spine from a single institution over a 10-year period was performed to determine the rate of ID. The 90-day clinical course of these patients was evaluated. Clinical examination, B-2 transferrin assay, and radiographic imaging were utilized to determine the number of persistent CSF leaks after repair with or without fibrin glue. Five hundred forty-seven patients (11.3%) experienced a durotomy during surgery. Of this cohort, fibrin glue was used in the dural repair in 278 patients (50.8%). Logistic models evaluating age, sex, redo surgery, and the use of fibrin glue revealed that prior lumbar spinal surgery was the only univariate predictor of persistent CSF leak, conferring a 2.8-fold increase in risk. A persistent CSF leak, defined as continued drainage of CSF from the operative incision within 90 days of the surgery that required an intervention greater than simple bed rest or over-sewing of the wound, was noted in a total of 64 patients (11.7%). This persistent CSF leak rate was significantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients with prior lumbar surgery (21%) versus those undergoing their first spine surgery (9%). There was no statistical difference in persistent CSF leak between those cases in which fibrin glue was used at the time of surgery and those in which fibrin glue was not used. There were no complications associated with the use of fibrin glue. A history of prior surgery significantly increases the incidence of durotomy during elective lumbar spine surgery. In patients who experienced a durotomy during lumbar spine surgery, the use of fibrin glue for dural repair did not significantly decrease the incidence of a persistent CSF leak.