头颈部肿瘤合并糖尿病的围手术期处理

目的探讨头颈部肿瘤合并糖尿病患者围手术期的处理方法.方法从2001年1月～2003年6月我科收治的头颈部肿瘤450例,对其中33例合并糖尿病患者使用胰岛素控制血糖的资料进行分析.结果 28例无并发症发生,切口感染2例,腮腺漏2例,心律失常1例,无围手术期死亡.结论对于合并糖尿病的头颈部肿瘤患者,合理使用胰岛素控制血糖是围手术期处理的主要方法,是安全渡过围手术期的重要保证.     

股骨头缺血性坏死的病理和影像学研究进展

目的：探讨股骨头缺血坏死的病理和影像学研究进展情况。方法：阅读并分析关于股骨头缺血坏死的文献。结果：影像学检查反映疾病的病理改变，在诊断中占有重要地位。结论：磁共振成像具有很高的敏感性和准确性，不仅能发现股骨头坏死的早期病变，且能反映病变的范围和程度，对早期诊断和治疗具有积极意义。     

自体骨髓移植治疗股骨头无菌性坏死

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and mechanism of transplantation of autol-ogous bone marrow in treating femoral head necrosis. Methods Sixty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into groups A,B,and C after establishment of the models of femoral head necrosis. The left femoral head served as the control one,and the right as the experimental group. The mitoxantrone (0.1 mg/kg) with the help of DSA was injected into the femoral head of group A. One ml autologous bone marrow was injected into the femoral head of group B. In group C,mitoxantrone (0. 1 mg/kg) was injected,and 72 h later,1 ml autologous bone marrow was injected. Four months later,all rabbits were killed,and the femoral heads were removed and observed histologically and electron microscopically. Results The number of necrotic osteoclasts in groups A and B showed no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ), ande in group C, the number of necrotic femoral heads at the left and fight sides was 40. 60±4.11 and 21.33±2.16 respec-tively ( P < 0.05 ). At the experimental side of group C, the structure of majority bone cells was clear and intact,and necrosis was occasionally seen. Conclusion At the cellular level, local chemotherapy and au-tologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation had certain effectiveness for aseptic necrosis of the femoral head.     

逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远段骨折

目的 总结股骨逆行交锁髓内钉应用的适应证、优点及其疗效。方法 2001年6月～2003年6月，采用切开复位股骨逆行交锁髓内钉内固定，治疗股骨远段骨折21例，早期行膝关节功能锻炼。结果 18例获随访，全部骨性愈合，功能恢复良好，无膝痛、跛行、膝关节僵直等。结论 股骨逆行交锁髓内钉治疗股骨远段骨折具有明显优势，固定牢固、坚强，功能恢复快，并发症少等优点，手术不需要C臂X线机和骨科手术牵引床，适合基层医院临床应用。     

闭合复位动力髋螺钉内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折

我院于2000年7月-2002年儿月采用闭合复位技术，应用动力髋螺钉(DHS)内固定治疗股骨转子间骨折82例，效果满意。     

Diagrammatic recording of head and neck tumours1

The increasing demands of clinical audit have resulted in the need for accurate data collection. The use of tumour maps allows standardization of the records of patients with head and neck cancer, which facilitates collation of data in multicentre studies and makes interdepartmental comparisons more meaningful. The aim of this study was to develop an improved standard set of tumour maps for recording the stage of head and neck tumours. A review of the existing tumour diagrams was performed to identify those anatomical areas that are not adequately represented or where ambiguity exists. The areas where improvements could be made were identified as: (1) the anterior commissure of the larynx; (2) axial and sagittal views of the larynx; (3) the pyriform fossa and cervical oesophagus; (4) the oropharynx and vallecula; (5) the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses; and (6) cervical nodal involvement. A new set of tumour maps is presented in an attempt to correct some of the limitations of the existing diagrams.     

针刺配合康复训练改善脑卒中后吞咽障碍临床观察

目的观察项针加康复训练对改善脑卒中患者吞咽障碍的治疗效果。方法将符合入选标准的60例脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者采用随机对照法，分为两组，每组30例，对照组进行常规康复训练，治疗组在常规康复训练基础上进行项针治疗。结果两组患者治疗后，洼田氏饮水试验疗效比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05），说明治疗组疗效优于对照组。结论项针配合康复训练能改善脑卒中患者的吞咽功能，提高患者的生存质量，其效果优于单纯康复训练。     

空心钉和骨圆针固定治疗股骨转子间骨折的力学随机对照试验

目的:通过与4枚斯氏针固定比较,利用生物力学方法评价多枚空心钉固定股骨转子骨折的适应证和可靠性。方法:使用Sawbone股骨模型,模拟EvansⅢA型骨折,分别用2种多枚空心钉方法(矩外空心钉和矩内空心钉法)及多枚骨圆针固定,在CSS-11101力学实验机上进行载荷试验,取300 N载荷下股骨头垂直位移和张口位移数值,比较3种方法的轴向刚度。通过扭转实验比较3种固定方法的抗扭转能力。结果:3种固定方法在轴向刚度方面差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而抗扭转能力方面差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:矩外空心钉固定力学性能相似于4枚骨圆针,而矩内空心钉固定弱于4枚骨圆针。应用多枚空心钉固定应选择稳定型股骨转子间骨折。     

经股动脉导管药盒系统植入术的并发症分析

目的研究经股动脉途径植入导管药盒系统导致并发症的原因,进一步提高其临床应用的价值。方法对76例中晚期恶性肿瘤采用经股动脉途径植入导管药盒系统,定期或不定期经皮经药盒灌注化疗和栓塞,总结其并发症。结果发生并发症13例,发生率为17.1%(13/76)。包括留置导管尖端移位4例,靶动脉闭塞2例,迟发出血2例,留置导管堵塞1例,切口延期愈合1例,药盒外露1例,留置导管与药盒分离1例,靶动脉假性动脉瘤形成1例。结论经皮股动脉途径导管药盒系统植入术的并发症只要处理得当,是可以控制的。本技术不失为一种安全可靠的治疗手段,值得临床应用。