Effect of iontophoresis and fatty acids on permeation of Arginine Vasopressin through rat skin

The aim of this study was to assess the effects of fatty acids and iontophoretic mode of penetration enhancement on transdermal delivery of Arginine Vasopressin (AVP). Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat skin was pretreated with fatty acids (e.g. 5% w/v, lauric acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid in ethanol:water (EtOH:W, 2:1 system) for 2h and iontophoresis in vitro, separately or together. The results indicate that all fatty acids studied increased (P<0.05) the flux of AVP in comparison to control (not pretreated with enhancer) and their effectiveness in flux enhancement was comparable. Further, oleic acid in combination with iontophoresis significantly increased the permeation of AVP both in comparison to pretreatment with fatty acids and iontophoresis alone. However, iontophoresis did not further increase the permeation of AVP through linoleic acid pretreated skin. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopic studies revealed that EtOH:W (2:1) system is not effective in lipid extraction. The shift to higher wavenumbers of the symmetric and asymmetric stretching peaks at 2850 and 2920cm(-1) revealed that at the concentration used, oleic acid and linoleic acid caused fluidization of stratum corneum (SC) lipids. This study provides direct evidence that oleic acid in EtOH:W (2:1) system causes disruption of the SC lipid lamellae and that a combination of oleic acid with iontophoresis further enhances the effects of oleic acid in a synergistic manner.     

柳杉茎皮化学成分研究

目的：研究柳杉Cryptomerica fortunei Hooibrenk ex Otto et Dietr，茎皮的化学成分。方法：采用硅胶柱色谱，MCI，Sephadex LH-20柱层析，ODS反相柱层析分离化学成分，MS、NMR等方法进行结构鉴定。结果：从硅胶柱的氯仿洗脱部分分离得到并鉴定7个化合物，它们分别为crocetin diethyl ester(1)，crocetin monoethyl ester(2)，5-hydroxy-6，7，3’，4’，5‘-pentamethoxyflavone(3)，5-hydroxy-7，3’，4’，5‘-tetramethoxyflavone(4)，tetracosanoic acid methyl ester(5)，behenic acid(6)，β-sitosterol(7)。结论：除β-sitosterol外，其它化合物均为首次从该种植物中分离得到；化舍物2为新化合物；化合物1为新天然产物。     

降脂利肝颗粒对大鼠高脂血症及脂肪肝的防治作用

目的:观察降脂利肝颗粒对动物的实验性脂肪肝的预防和治疗作用.方法:高脂饮食后腹腔注射硫代乙酰胺引起严重肝功能损害,并形成脂肪肝的动物模型,给予高、中、低三组剂量的降脂利肝颗粒及阳性对照药物.结果:造模动物口服降脂利肝颗粒后,动物的血清AST(谷草转氨酶),ALT(谷丙转氨酶)及其他肝功能指标明显下降.结论:降脂利肝颗粒对动物的实验性脂肪肝有明显的预防和治疗作用.     

喉癌组织恶性度与颈淋巴结转移关系

采用五因素评点法对４０例喉鳞癌进行组织学和临床方面的研究。结果表明，组织恶性度与Ｔ分期无相关性，浸润方式弥散及恶性度高（评分≥１１）的肿瘤发生颈淋巴结转移率显著高于有完整肿瘤边界者及恶性度低（评分≤１０）者。提示喉癌组织恶性度在预测颈淋巴结转移上有实用价值，可临导临床治疗方案的选择。     

Serum levels of phospholipid fatty acids in mothers and their babies in relation to allergic disease

The fatty acid composition of serum phospholipids was analysed by gas chromatography in 26 non-allergic and 32 allergic mothers at the time of delivery. In 47 of them the levels were compared with those in the cord blood of their babies. The children were then followed for 6 years with regard to the development of allergic disease. There was an inverse relationship between the levels of linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) and its metabolic products arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4n-6) (r = −0.63, P < 0.001), and C22:4 (r = −0.50, P < 0.01) in the non-allergic, but not in allergic mothers (r = 0.25 and r = −0.39, respectively). Comparing the fatty acid levels in maternal and umbilical cord serum, a significant correlation was observed between the LA levels in serum of non-allergic mothers and their babies (r = 0.53, P < 0.05). Furthermore, the maternal dihomo-γ-linolenic acid (DHGLA, C20:3n-6) levels correlated with the cord serum levels of AA (r = 0.65, P < 0.01) and C22:4 (r = 0.65, P < 0.01) and with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n-3, r = 0.65, P < 0.01). None of these relationships were seen when comparing the fatty acid levels in the allergic mothers and their babies. In the mothers of children who did not develop any allergic manifestations during the first 6 years of life, the AA levels correlated with C22:4 (r = 0.53, P < 0.001) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5n-3) (r = 0.56, P < 0.001). Similar findings were recorded within the n-3 series of fatty acids, i.e. the levels of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, C22:5n-3) correlated with DHA (r = 0.61, P < 0.001). None of these correlations were significant in the 20 mothers whose babies developed allergic disease (r = 0.42, 0.28 and 0.44 respectively). Taken together, the findings indicate that there is an abnormal metabolism relationship between some of the long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in allergic mothers, affecting their infants. Furthermore, the findings suggest an association between the fatty acid composition in maternal serum and the appearance of allergic disease in their children during the first 6 years of life. Conclusion The proportions of various long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were altered in the serum phospholipids of allergic pregnant mothers and in mothers whose babies developed allergic disease over the first 6 years of life, indicating that atopy is associated with a disturbed fatty acid metabolism. Received: 6 February 1996 and in revised form: 5 August 1997 / Accepted: 5 September 1997     

柴胡超临界二氧化碳萃取物化学成分气相-质谱联用分析

目的：研究柴胡超临界CO2萃取物的化学成分。方法：应用气／质联用技术对柴胡超临界CO2萃取物进行分析。结果：从萃取物中分离并鉴定出11种化合物，其中主要组分为饱和及不饱和脂肪酸。含量占气化产物总量的96．2％。结论：本研究为柴胡的开发利用提供了实验依据。     

中药木鳖子中脂肪酸的气相色谱-质谱联用分析

目的：测定中药木鳖子中的脂肪酸成分。方法：以石油醚为溶剂，采用索氏提取法提取其脂肪酸。经甲酯化处理后，用GC／MS联用仪对其脂肪酸组成进行了分析和鉴定。结果：共分离出14种脂肪酸，占脂肪酸总量的89．23％。结论：木鳖子脂肪酸中不饱和脂肪酸占41．91％，且大部分是具生物活性物质。     

Multifocal nodular fatty infiltration of the liver mimicking metastatic disease on CT: imaging findings and diagnosis using MR imaging

The aim of this study was to describe the MR appearance of multifocal nodular fatty infiltration of the liver (MNFIL) using T1-weighted in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) gradient-echo as well as T2-weighted turbo-spin-echo sequences with fat suppression (FSTSE) and without (HASTE). Magnetic resonance imaging examinations at 1.5 T using T1-weighted IP and OP-GRE with fast low angle shot (FLASH) technique, and T2-weighted FSTSE, T2-weighted HASTE of 137 patients undergoing evaluation for focal liver lesions were reviewed. Five patients were identified in whom CT indicated metastatic disease; however, no liver malignancy was finally proven. Diagnosis was confirmed by biopsy (n = 3), additional wedge resection (n = 1) or follow-up MRI 6–12 months later (n = 5). Regarding the identified five patients, the number of focal liver lesions was 2 (n = 2) and more than 20 (n = 3). The MR imaging characteristics were as follows: OP-image: markedly hypointense (n = 5); IP image: isointense (n = 2) or slightly hyperintense (n = 3); T2-weighted FSTSE-image: isointense (n = 5); T2-weighted HASTE image isointense (n = 1); slightly hyperintense (n = 4). On OP images all lesions were sharply demarcated and of almost spherical configuration (n = 5). Further evaluation by histology or follow-up MR imaging did not give evidence of malignancy in any case. Histology revealed fatty infiltration of the liver parenchyma in three patients. Magnetic resonance follow-up showed complete resolution in two patients and no change in three patients. Multifocal nodular fatty infiltration can simulate metastatic disease on both CT and MR imaging. The combination of in-phase (IP) and opposed-phase (OP) gradient-echo imaging can reliably differentiate MNFIL from metastatic disease. Received: 15 September 1999 Revised: 3 February 2000; Accepted: 7 February 2000     

In situ and immunocytochemical localization of E-FABP mRNA and protein during neuronal migration and differentiation in the rat brain

The present study compares the temporal-spatial expression and tissue localization of the rat epidermal type fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) (DA11/C-FABP/S-FABP/LEBP/KLBP) in the developing rat central nervous system (CNS). In situ hybridization (ISH) and immunocytochemistry (ICC) studies demonstrate that mRNA E-FABP and protein are expressed at high levels during neurogenesis, neuronal migration, and terminal differentiation. Migrating pyramidal cells in the cerebral cortex, Purkinje cells and deep nuclear neurons in the cerebellum, and neurons in the olfactory bulb and retina exhibited a strong E-FABP-like immunoreactivity (E-FABP-LI) throughout the entire process of differentiation and migration. The levels of E-FABP mRNA and protein were dramatically higher in prenatal and early postnatal neurons, as compared to adult neurons. The E-FABP antibody immunoreacted with growing neurites, and nuclear and cytoplasmic regions of neurons. The intracellular multiregional pattern of localization of E-FABP and its differential temporal expression during development, are consistent with its proposed role in transporting long chain free fatty acids and/or other hydrophobic ligands during neuronal differentiation and axon growth.     

进口奶粉与国产奶粉脂肪酸含量的测定和比较

目的 :研究奶粉中脂肪酸各组分的构成比 ;比较进口奶粉和国产奶粉中脂肪酸构成比 ;对比奶粉标签营养成分表与实际测定结果。方法 :以进口和国产奶粉为研究对象 ,采用气相色谱法进行脂肪酸的分离和测定。结果 :(1)奶粉中共有 2 9种脂肪酸得到确认。 (2 )豆蔻酸、亚油酸、γ-亚麻酸、总不饱和脂肪酸、总多价不饱和脂肪酸及总饱和脂肪酸的含量在进口奶粉和国产奶粉之间差异无显著性意义 (P>0 .0 5 ) ;(3)棕榈酸和硬脂酸含量的差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,国产奶粉明显高于进口奶粉 ;油酸和α-亚麻酸含量的差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 1) ,进口奶粉明显高于国产奶粉 ;(4 )花生四烯酸在进口奶粉中检出率仅为 5 3.33% ,而在国产奶粉中检出率高达 93.33%。两者差异有显著性意义 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;廿二碳六烯酸在进口奶粉中检出率为 4 6 .6 7% ,而在国产奶粉中均未检出。 (5 )奶粉营养成分表脂肪酸标示值与实际测定值基本一致。结论 :(1)奶粉中脂肪酸基本由 2 0～ 2 9种脂肪酸组成。 (2 )进口奶粉在棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、α-亚麻酸和廿二碳六烯酸等指标上优于国产奶粉 ;国产奶粉在花生四烯酸指标上优于进口奶粉。 (3)奶粉标签营养成分表脂肪酸标示值可信度高