空腹血糖与颈动脉粥样硬化相关性研究

目的通过测量颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）探讨空腹血糖（FPG）水平对颈动脉粥样硬化的影响。方法将95例入选患者按FPG水平分为4组：组1（FPG〈5.6mmo/L）、组2（5.6mmol/L≤FPG〈6.1mmol/L）、组3（6.1mmol/L≤FPG〈7.0mmol/L）、组4（FPG≥7.0mmol/L）,收集所有患者的临床资料包括年龄、性别、血压、空腹血糖及空腹血脂,用彩色多普勒超声仪测量颈动脉内膜中层厚度（CIMT）。结果①CIMT随FPG的升高而逐渐增加。②在校正了年龄、性别、吸烟史、SBP、DBP、LDL-C、HDL-C、TC和TG因素后,组2、组3与组1比较,CIMT有显著性升高（P〈0.05）;组4分别与组1、组2、组3比较CIMT均存在显著性增加（P〈0.05）。结论颈动脉粥样硬化发生的风险自FPG5.6～6.0mmol/L阶段即开始增加,其病变程度在糖尿病早期随着FPG水平的增加而逐步加重。     

维生素D受体基因多态性与2型糖尿病及血清1,25-二羟基维生素D3的相关性研究

目的探讨维生素D受体(vitamin D receptor,VDR)基因ApaI酶切位点多态性与2型糖尿病及血清1,25-二羟基维生素D3[1,25(OH)2D3]的相关性。方法采用聚合酶链反应限制性片段长度多态性(PCR-RFLP)技术,检测105例2型糖尿病患者和105例正常者的VDR基因型,用酶联免疫吸附(Elisa)法测定血清1,25(OH)2D3水平,并检测相关临床及生化指标,比较VDR基因型和等位基因频率的分布差异及不同基因型血清1,25(OH)2D3等相关指标的差异。结果维生素D受体基因ApaⅠ位点基因型和等位基因频率在两组中的分布差异明显(P<0.01)。糖尿病组等位基因a和基因型aa频率明显高于对照组。基因型AA组及Aa组血清1,25(OH)2D3高于基因型aa组,而收缩压、舒张压及空腹血糖低于基因型aa组,且差别有显著性意义(P<0.05或0.01)。结论 Apa I位点的VDR基因多态性与2型糖尿病存在相关性。血清1,25(OH)2D3水平、空腹血糖及血压与VDR基因多态性密切相关。     

齐拉西酮与利培酮对精神分裂症患者内分泌代谢的影响

目的探讨国产齐拉西酮与利培酮对精神分裂症患者内分泌代谢的影响。方法将156例精神分裂症患者随机分为研究组和对照组各78例。研究组给予齐拉西酮治疗,对照组给予利培酮治疗。分别于基线、治疗4周末和8周末检测血清泌乳素、空腹血糖及血脂水平。结果与基线相比,治疗4周末和8周末研究组血清泌乳素差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,而对照组则明显升高（P〈0．05）;治疗4周末和8周末两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〈0．05）。治疗4周末和8周末两组空腹血糖、胆同醇及甘油三酯水平与基线相比以及两组间同期相比,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论齐拉西酮对精神分裂症患者血清泌乳素、空腹血糖以及血脂水平均无明显影响。     

联合检测血流变、血糖及糖化血红蛋白在2型糖尿病诊断中的意义

目的检测2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者的血液流变学几项指标、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白水平及其相关性,探讨3项联合检测在T2DM的应用价值。方法对245例T2DM患者及84例健康体检者进行血液流变学检测,同时检测空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白,并进行相关关系检验。结果 245例T2DM患者血液流变学指标(全血黏度和血浆黏度)、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白均较对照组有明显增高(P<0.05、P<0.01、P<0.05);血液流变学的低切和高切的改变与FPG和HbA1c呈良好正相关性(r=0.514、r=0.584和r=0.649、r=0.716)。结论联合检测T2DM患者的血液流变学、空腹血糖和糖化血红蛋白指标有利于评估其血糖控制及疾病进展程度。     

糖化血清白蛋白水平在急性冠脉综合征患者中的表达

目的观察不稳定性心绞痛(UA)和急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者糖化血清白蛋白(GA)和空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2 h血糖(2 h PBG)及糖化血红蛋白(GHb)的相关性。方法随机选择UA患者(UA组,131例)与AMI(AMI组,139例)两组人群,并测定GA、FBG、2 h PBG、GHb指标。探讨UA和AMI之间各项指标的差异性。结果 AMI组患者GA、FBG及2 h PBG较UA组升高(P<0.05),且FBG及2 h PBG与GA呈显著正相关,而两组之间GHb比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论本资料显示AMI组比UA患者具有更高的血糖水平,GA、FBG及2 h PBG能有效监测UA和AMI急性期的变化,从而预测高危人群不良事件的发生,及时采取相应措施,控制血糖,改善预后、降低死亡率。     

A sex difference in the response to fasting

We determined whether women and men would alter their pattern of food intake after they had deprived themselves of food. We found that women consumed 12% less food after fasting and that men ate 28% more food after fasting. Serving more food on the test day did not increase food intake of women. Women, who ate at a nearly constant rate (linear eaters), consumed less food than those eating at an initially high speed which decreased over the course of the meal (decelerated eaters). Women decreased their food intake after fasting as their eating pattern became more linear. After fasting, men increased their food intake, and the rate at which they ate became more decelerated. Food intake of both women and men was normalized after fasting by providing feedback that encouraged them to eat according to the pattern they showed in the non-fasted condition. The results support the hypothesis that linear eating, and the dieting that elicits linear eating, are risk factors for the development of the abnormal linear eating pattern that characterizes patients with anorexia nervosa. The data also provide additional support for the use of behavioral feedback to normalize the pattern of eating for individuals who have difficulty maintaining their body weight.     

赖诺普利对高血压患者心钠素及左室肥厚的影响

目的：探讨高血压（EH）患者心钠素（ANP））、空腹血清胰岛素（FINS）与左室肥厚（LVH）的关系以及赖诺普利对其的影响。方法：入选病例为符合2005年《中国高血压防治指南》标准的1级、2级EH伴LVH的患者60例,随机分为赖诺普利组30例,卡托普利组30例。检测口服赖诺普利或卡托普利前后ANP、FINS的含量;采用彩色多普勒超声检测LVH。样本数据分析采用t检验或多元线性回归。结果：赖诺普利较卡托普利降低ANP、FINS及改善LVH效果更显著（P〈0.05）;ANP、FINS与LVH无相关性。结论：赖诺普利可降低ANP、FINS。     

Clinical investigation of 41 patients with ischemic colitis accompanied by ulcer

AIM: To investigate the relationship among the presence of ulcer lesions, underlying disease, and clinical course in patients with ischemic colitis. METHODS: The subjects were 41 patients (10 male and 31 female; mean age 70 years) with ischemic colitis who were admitted to and received treatment in our hospital from 2000 to 2006. We compared their characteristics and analyzed the mean lengths of admission and fast- ing for 9 patients with ulcer lesions (ulcer group) and 32 without (non-ulcer group). RESULTS: The groups with presence and absence of ulcer differed significantly only in white blood cell (WBC) count. Lengths of fasting and admission were 7.9 d and 17.9 d for the ulcer group and 4.4 d and 10.7 d for the non-ulcer group, respectively, and significantly longer in the ulcer group (P = 0.0057 and 0.0001). There was no correlation between presence of ulcer and presence of underlying diseases. CONCLUSION: Lengths of fasting and admission were significantly longer in patients with ischemic colitis with ulcer than for those without ulcer.     

Ingesting alcohol prior to food can alter the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis

There is an increasing evidence that long-term alcohol intake can promote damage to most of the body's major organs. However, regular consumption of a small-moderate amount of alcohol is often recommended as being beneficial to health and of concern is that the effect of ingesting commercially available alcohol products on steroid hormone synthesis under variable nutritional conditions has not been thoroughly investigated. Many individuals consume alcohol alone prior to a meal and the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of consuming a small-moderate amount of commercially available alcohol on the level of salivary cortisol and salivary dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) before and after a meal. A total of 24 males aged 19-22 years participated in the current investigation. The experimental procedure required participants to fast for 6 h before being asked to ingest either 40 g alcohol in the form of red wine (n = 8), low alcohol and high beer (n = 8), white wine (n = 8) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a 135-min period before consuming food for 45-min. The level of blood alcohol, salivary cortisol and salivary DHEAS was assessed upon arrival and then at regular 45-min intervals during the 180-min experimental period. The results showed that the consumption of alcohol and placebo can significantly lower the level of salivary cortisol. However, the effect of consuming a small-moderate amount of commercially available alcohol on the level of salivary DHEAS was dependent on the nutritional content of the beverage with red wine promoting no change, white wine promoting a significant decrease, and beer having a variable effect on salivary DHEAS concentration when compared to placebo. It was concluded that the effect of commercially available alcohol on the HPA axis is not the same for all alcohol products and both the nutritional status of participants and the nutritional content of the alcoholic beverage being administered should be taken into consideration when investigating the effect of alcohol on the HPA axis.     

Cadmium, diabetes and chronic kidney disease

Recent epidemiological studies suggest a positive association between exposure to the environmental pollutant cadmium (Cd) and the incidence and severity of diabetes. In this review, we examine the literature suggesting a relationship between Cd exposure, elevated blood glucose levels, and the development of diabetes. In addition we review human and animal studies indicating that Cd potentiates or exacerbates diabetic nephropathy. We also review the various possible cellular mechanisms by which Cd may alter blood glucose levels. In addition, we present some novel findings from our own laboratories showing that Cd elevates fasting blood glucose levels in an animal model of subchronic Cd exposure before overt signs of renal dysfunction are evident. These studies also show that Cd reduces insulin levels and has direct cytotoxic effects on the pancreas. Together, these findings indicate that Cd may be a factor in the development of some types of diabetes and they raise the possibility that Cd and diabetes-related hyperglycemia may act synergistically to damage the kidney.