首次自杀未遂者和重复自杀未遂者的对照研究

目的探讨首次自杀未遂者和重复自杀未遂者的区别.方法检查126名因自杀未遂而入院的患者,分为首次自杀未遂组和重复自杀未遂组,获得有关的临床资料并进行自杀意图及自杀企图冲动性和致死性的测定,将有关项目作对比分析.结果有51(40.5%)名重复自杀未遂者,与首次自杀未遂者比较,重复自杀未遂者已婚居多、文化程度较低、缺乏固定的经济收入、有较多的既往精神科治疗史、常饮酒、企图自杀前与他人交流少,自杀意图较低,冲动性较高(P均＜0.05).结论对伴有某些危险因素的自杀未遂者应积极进行医学干预,以期减少自杀行为的再次发生.     

Effect of ethanol on sustained attention in rats

 Acute exposure to ethanol produces deficits in sustained attention in humans, but these attentional deficits have not been modeled in animals. In this study, an operant task was used to investigate the effects of low and moderate doses of ethanol on sustained attention in rats. Performance on a two-choice reaction time task over a 1-h session was assessed immediately following administration of ethanol (0.0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 g/kg IP). Each rat was required to respond to a light stimulus of variable duration (20, 100, and 500 ms) occurring at one of two locations. Under control and saline conditions, increases in stimulus length systematically increased choice accuracy and decreased reaction time. Ethanol produced a dose-dependent decrease in choice accuracy that interacted with time, with an initial impairment that was stimulus length-dependent followed by a general vigilance decrement. The data demonstrate that ethanol impaired the ability of rats to direct and sustain attention to brief, infrequent stimuli, and provide a model for further investigations into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms for ethanol-induced attentional deficits. Received: 19 March 1996 / Final version: 30 August 1996     

1977～1990年同济医科大学新生视力状况分析

用统计学方法对14年来（1977～1990年）我校6746名新生（13492只眼）的视力状况进行分析。结果表明；新生正常视力逐年减少，视力不良率相应上升（P＜0.001）。城市学生的视力比农村学生差，男生的视力优于女生（P＜0.001）。17～19岁组的视力明显低于其他年龄组（P＜0.001）。高考分数线升高与正常视力者减少呈明显负相关；而与视力不良者增加呈正相关（P＜0.001,＜0.05）。本文认为近距离用眼持续时间过长及环境视域小等是引起视力不良的主要原因。     

Determination of needed radiographic room capacity to serve an emergency department

This study describes a method for determining the number of radiographic rooms devoted to emergency radiology that would be required to keep mean patient waiting time at a desired level. A desired mean waiting time for patients must be determined. In our setting, a mean waiting time of 8 minutes resulted in few complaints. The waiting time then sets the required utilization rate of available capacity. Daily and hourly volume and variability in volume of examinations were measured over a 3-month period. This represents the demand. The needed number of rooms is determined by comparing demand with effective available capacity for different numbers of rooms. To maintain an 8-minute mean waiting time, 50% utilization of capacity is required. Mean demand on Sundays is 176 examinations. Five rooms are required, since this gives a 180-examination effective capacity. Using waiting time as the primary decision criterion for making capacity decisions in emergency radiology has several advantages: the method is easy to use, volume variability is taken into account, and the focus is on service to patients.     

二氯胺基酚诱发的染色体畸变及染毒时间对畸变率的影响研究

２，４－二氯胺基酚（ＤＣＡＰ）是８３—１除草剂在哺乳动物体内的主要代谢产物。本研究以三种染毒计划观察了ＤＣＡＰ诱发Ｖ７９细胞的染色体畸变。结果表明：ＤＣＡＰ是一种染色体损伤剂，诱发的畸变主要为染色单体断裂和交换；３ｈ染毒和染毒后培养１７ｈ诱发的染色体畸变率最高，２０ｈ染毒观察不到染色体畸变，说明以高浓度短期染毒对高细胞毒性化合物的细胞遗传毒性研究可能是较好的染毒方案。     

全肠外营养对老年晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤病人生存期的影响

目的:评估全肠外营养(TPN)对老年晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤病人生存期的影响。方法:回顾性分析121例老年晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤病人TPN治疗后的生存期。结果:TPN治疗后,患者生存期不同程度延长,为9～126天,平均68.1天,多数在两月左右。结论:TPN可延长老年晚期消化系统恶性肿瘤病人的生存期。     

Non-invasive assessment of changes in left ventricular diastolic time intervals after acute blood volume reduction in haemodialysis

The effects of acute blood volume reduction induced by haemodialysison diastolic time intervals were studied in 19 patients by echo-and phonocardiography. Haemodialysis significantly decreasedleft ventricular diameters. The isovolumic relaxation time wasprolonged and negatively correlated with left ventricular enddiastolic dimensions. To study the effect of load reductionon left ventricular filling time, cardiac cycles with the sameR–R interval, before and after haemodialysis, were compared.At any given R–R interval dialysis resulted in a significantprolongation of the filling time. This study shows that diastolictime intervals are dependent on left ventricular loading conditions,and this effect should be considered when these time intervalsare evaluated in the clinical setting.     

乳母血清泌乳素水平与泌乳量关系的观察

用放射免疫法测定产后40天和60天乳母血清泌乳素基础水平和吸吮后泌乳素最大反应性增值,发现其与乳母泌乳量、婴儿吸吮频率、吸吮时间之间均不存在正相关关系,推测引起泌乳素分泌除吸吮外,还存在其他机理。     

改进时间差攻击疗法治疗多重耐药阴沟肠杆菌的探究

[目的]研究利用改进的时间攻击疗法治疗多重耐药阴沟肠杆菌引起的感染的效果，并考究其与亚胺培南/西拉司丁治疗及传统时间攻击疗法的药物经济学成本/效果比。[方法]将38例明确诊断为产ESBLs阴沟肠杆菌感染且药敏结果皆为：对哌拉西林、环丙沙星、氧氟沙星、左旋氧氟沙星、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、头孢哌酮、头孢曲松、头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、替卡西林/克拉维酸等皆耐药，而对亚胺培南/西拉司丁敏感的患者随机分为改进组、对照组、传统组。改进组患者先与磷霉素4g＋5%葡萄糖100ml于30min静脉滴注完毕后，再过30min立即给予阿米卡星0.4g＋0.9%NS250ml静脉滴注，上述治疗每日1次。对照组患者给予亚胺培南/西拉司丁1g＋0.9%NS250ml静脉滴注，每日3次。传统组患者先与磷霉素2g＋5%葡萄糖50ml静脉给予1h完毕后，立即给予阿米卡星0.2g＋0.9%NS100ml静脉滴注，上述治疗每日2次。疗程最长限为10d，其余检查治疗3组相同。考察3组的细菌清除率以及细菌清除所需的药物费用、不良反应的比较。[结果]改进组细菌清除率与对照组、传统组差异无统计学意义，并且改进组、传统组无不良反应，对照组有1例二重感染；而且改进组与对照组、传统组的细菌清除药物治疗费用差异有统计学意义。[结论]利用磷霉素＋阿米卡星的改进时间攻击差疗法能很好的治疗多重耐药的阴沟肠杆菌引起的感染，并且与采用亚胺培南/西拉司丁治疗方案及传统的时间攻击疗法相比具有较好的成本/效果比。