Clinical and radiographic outcomes following hinge fracture during open-door cervical laminoplasty

To investigate the clinical and radiographic fate of fractured hinges in open-door cervical laminoplasty, 135 segments of 36 patients who had undergone follow-up for more than two years after open-door cervical laminoplasty due to compressive cervical myelopathy were reviewed clinically and radiographically. Hinge fractures were identified by the intraoperative finding of obvious instability or click sounds (an obvious fracture), or by immediate postoperative computed tomography (CT) images showing a discontinuity of both the inner and outer cortex or a displacement of more than 1 mm at the lamina hinge site (an occult fracture). At two years post-surgery, union and displacement of the fractured hinges were evaluated with CT and the clinical outcome was assessed by the Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) and Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores. Immediate postoperative CT scans revealed 28 hinge fractures in 16 patients. Only three fractures were identified during surgery, with most being identified on postoperative CT. Nineteen laminae showed non-displaced cortical discontinuity, five were anteriorly displaced by more than 1 mm, and four were displaced posteriorly. Twenty-five laminae (89.3%) had achieved union according to the two-year postoperative CT scan. No de novo neurologic symptoms were found to be associated with hinge fracture. The two-year postoperative JOA and NDI scores did not differ significantly between patients with or without a hinge fracture. Most fractures at the hinge site occurred without intraoperative recognition, and usually re-unified without significant displacement or adverse clinical effects. When hinge fractures occur, careful observation without additional intervention is recommended.     

Is anterior decompression and fusion superior to laminoplasty for cervical myelopathy due to ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Context: Considerable controversy exists over surgical procedures for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL).Objective: The purpose of the meta-analysis was to compare the clinical outcome of anterior decompression and fusion (ADF) with laminoplasty (LAMP) in treatment of cervical myelopathy due to OPLL.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials database were searched to identify potential clinical studies compared ADF with LAMP for cervical myelopathy owing to OPLL. We also manually searched the reference lists of articles and reviews for possible relevant studies. Thirteen studies with 1120 patients were included in our analysis. Subgroup analyses were performed by the canal occupying ratio of OPLL.Results: Overall, the mean preoperative Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score was similar between two groups. Compared with LAMP group, ADF group was higher at the mean postoperative JOA scores and mean recovery rate, reoperation rate, and longer at mean operation time. There was not significantly different in mean blood loss and complication rate between two groups. In subgroup analysis, ADF had a higher mean postoperative JOA score and recovery rate than LAMP in cases of OPLL with occupying ratios ≥ 50%, while those difference were not found in cases of OPLL with occupying ratios < 50%.Conclusion: ADF achieves better neurological improvement compared with LAMP in treatment of cervical myelopathy due to OPLL, especially in cases of OPLL with occupying ratios ≥ 50%. Complication rate is similar between two groups, but ADF can increase the risk of reoperation     

超声骨刀在脊柱椎板回植术中的应用

目的探讨采用超声骨刀进行椎板整块切除、回植椎管成形术在治疗胸腰椎管内肿瘤中的应用价值。方法 2012-07-2013-07,对10例胸腰椎椎管内肿瘤采用超声骨刀将椎板整块锯下,切除肿瘤后将椎板原位回植联合钛板螺钉内固定方法重建胸腰椎后柱结构。平均随访1年,观察病人的神经恢复情况和影像学变化。结果所有患者切口均I期愈合。10例患者均获随访,术后平均随访时间约1年。术后3月复查胸腰椎CT及三维重建示回植椎板开始融合,胸、腰椎生理弧度可,无钛板螺钉松动、断裂等现象,胸腰椎MRI未见肿瘤复发,脊髓受压等。结论采用超声骨刀将椎板整块切除后回植的椎管成形术,可恢复椎管正常解剖,操作安全,是一种新的治疗胸腰椎管内肿瘤的手术方法 。     

保留颈后方韧带复合体对颈椎后路单开门椎板成形术椎板开门角度的影响

目的探讨保留颈后方韧带复合体对术后椎板开门角度及神经功能改善率产生的影响。方法对28例脊髓型颈椎病患者采用后路单开门颈椎椎板成形术。根据不同治疗术式分为两组:17例采用不保留颈后方韧带复合体术式为A组,11例采用保留颈后方韧带复合体单开门术式为B组。通过术后2周及末次随访时(≥10个月)CT影像学资料测得椎板开门角;同时评定神经功能改善情况。结果术后2周椎板开门角:A组为38.0°~44.0°(40.3°±1.0°),B组为37.2°~42.5°(40.7°±0.7°),差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时椎板开门角:A组为34.8°~45.0°(39.0°±3.1°),B组为34.0°~36.5°(35.7°±0.4°),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组术后2周及末次随访时神经功能改善率:A组为27.8%~37.0%(32.4%±4.3%)及53.3%~68.0%(59.7%±5.6%),B组为26.3%~38.2%(32.1%±5.0%)及44.4%~67.0%(58.5%±5.9%),两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。两种术式术后2周及末次随访时再关门率均为0。结论保留颈后方韧带复合体单开门术式的椎板开门角度小于不保留颈后方韧带复合体术式。两组的神经功能改善率无差异。     

单开门微型钢板在颈后路椎管扩大成形术中的应用

2013年3月～2014年5月,我科采用 Centerpiece 微型钢板治疗12例脊髓型颈椎病患者,近期疗效满意,报道如下。     

多节段椎板减压内固定钛网椎管成形治疗后方受压型胸椎管狭窄症的疗效分析

目的 观察钛网椎板成形术治疗后方受压型胸椎管狭窄症的疗效.方法 1998～2012年40例后方受压型胸椎管狭窄症患者(其中男26例,女14例,年龄47～76岁),进行多节段椎板减压钛网成形术.结果 随访时间12个月～15年,平均36.4个月,钛网位置在位,植骨融合良好.受压脊髓得到有效减压,功能评定采用Mann标准,恢复达Ⅰ级者19例,达Ⅱ级14例,Ⅲ级6例,Ⅳ级1例,Ⅴ级0例,恢复优良率82.5％.结论 后方受压型胸椎管狭窄多表现为多节段受累,后入路多节段椎板减压内固定钛网椎管成形治疗后方受压型胸椎管狭窄症中远期效果良好.     

改良颈椎后路单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病

目的:总结保留颈半棘肌肌止、C3椎板切除、C4～C7“锚定”单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗多节段脊髓型颈椎病的临床效果.方法:2009年1月～2011年10月,共对74例多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者采用保留颈半棘肌肌止、C3椎板切除、“锚定法”固定悬吊C4～C7椎板的单开门椎管扩大成形术治疗,其中57例患者获得随访,男31例,女26例,年龄50～71岁,平均63岁.术前JOA评分4～11分,平均8.5±2.0分,颈椎活动度23°～49°,平均37.4°±10.3°,颈椎曲度指数6.0％～22.0％,平均(13.9±7.4)％.观察患者术中和术后并发症发生情况;术后6个月复查颈椎X线片,测量颈椎曲度指数和颈椎活动度,观察颈椎曲度指数和颈椎活动度变化情况;末次随访时对患者神经功能进行JOA评分,计算神经功能改善率 结果:手术均顺利完成,手术时间50～110min,平均70min.术中出血150～600ml,平均230ml.术中无脊髓损伤、脑脊液漏等并发症发生.术后早期41例患者有颈痛,给予消炎镇痛治疗,术后3周内疼痛消失或明显缓解2例出现切口感染,经抗感染治疗并再次清创后切口延时愈合.9例有明显轴性症状,发生率为15.8％;6例出现C5神经根麻痹,给予甲基强的松龙、营养神经药物等治疗后症状明显缓解.随访6～32个月,平均13个月,术后6个月颈椎曲度指数为4.2％～21.1％,平均(11.3±8.1)％,较术前丢失(2.9±2.4)％;颈椎活动度为18°～46°,平均28.2°±10.8°,平均丢失8.2°±5.1°.患者神经功能均不同程度得到改善,末次随访时JOA评分为10～17分,平均13.8±2.3分,较术前明显提高(P＜0.05),神经功能改善率为29.0％～77.3％,平均(57.0±19.7)％.末次随访均未发现“再关门”现象.结论:保留颈半棘肌肌止、C3椎板切除、“锚定法”固定悬吊C4～C7椎板的单开门椎管扩大成形术可明显改善多节段脊髓型颈椎病患者的神经功能,手术操作简单,临床疗效满意.     

多节段退行性腰椎管狭窄症的手术治疗

目的探讨选择性融合减压节段结合棘突椎板回植椎管成形术治疗多节段退行性腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效。方法2008年6月至2011年1月采取选择性融合减压节段结合棘突椎板回植椎管成形术治疗多节段退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者35例,男23例,女12例,年龄47～76岁,平均68岁。根据临床表现和影像学检查确定减压部位和融合节段,应用JOA评分（29分法）对手术前后临床疗效进行主客观评价。结果随访12—36个月,平均18个月。术后患者JOA评分较术前有显著提高（P〈0．05）,随访时优良率91．43％。结论选择性融合减压节段结合棘突椎板回植椎管成形术治疗多节段退行性腰椎管狭窄症可取得良好临床疗效。     

黑川式和改良黑川式双开门椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗颈椎疾病的对比研究

目的 观察和对比黑川式和改良黑川式双开门椎板成形椎管扩大术治疗颈椎疾病的中远期疗效.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2010年12月行颈椎双开门椎板成形椎管扩大术并获随访的172例患者资料,男性126例,女性46例,年龄35 ～ 80岁,平均(57±l9)岁.其中颈椎病106例,颈椎管狭窄症45例,颈椎后纵韧带骨化症21例.其中行黑川式手术69例(传统术式组),行改良黑川式手术103例(改良术式组).两组患者具有可比性,比较两组疗效根据资料不同采用t检验、x2检验和秩和检验.结果 所有患者均获随访,随访时间12～120个月,平均(52±33)个月;其中随访时间≥2年的患者123例,≥5年的患者71例.所有患者末次随访JOA评分均较术前明显改善(t=3.420,P＜0.01),两组术后改善率差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);但术后3个月改良术式组患者术后出现轴性症状的比例(3.9％)要明显低于传统术式组(14.5％)(x2 =7.548,P＜0.05).改良术式组术后3个月颈椎椎间活动度下降情况优于传统术式组(27％±6％比19％±4％,Z=6.34,P=0.036＜0.05),中远期随访椎间活动度两组差异无统计学意义.结论 黑川式和改良黑川式双开门椎板成形椎管扩大术临床应用中远期疗效满意.改良黑川式手术因避免颈后部的伸肌组群损伤,可以降低术后轴性症状的发生率.     

单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的中期临床疗效

目的:探讨单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板内固定术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的中期临床疗效。方法:选择2009年1月~2011年6月在我院行后路椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板内固定术治疗的脊髓型颈椎病患者59例,其中男性42例,女性17例,年龄21~68岁,平均56.2±9.8岁。MRI显示3个节段狭窄12例,4个节段狭窄29例,5个节段狭窄18例。以日本骨科协会(JOA)评分(17分法)及其改善率评价术后神经功能改善情况;视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale/score,VAS)及颈部功能障碍指数(neck dysfunction index,NDI)评价患者的疼痛及功能变化情况;术后复查颈椎X线、CT及MRI,在术前及末次随访时的颈椎X线片上测量C2~C7夹角、颈椎活动度(ROM),在颈椎三维CT上测量椎管矢状径及椎管横截面积,计算椎管扩大率[(术后椎管矢状径-术前椎管矢状径)/(术前椎管矢状径)×100%],评价椎管扩大和维持情况及门轴侧骨融合情况。结果:手术时间为142.2±18.1min,术中出血量为264.5±50.5ml,术后引流量为252.3±28.6ml,住院日为7.2±0.7d。在术后随访过程中,15例出现了颈后部轴性疼痛症状,按照VAS评分,13例为轻度疼痛,2例为中度疼痛,所有患者颈部轴性疼痛症状均于术后1年内消失。1例术后第3天出现C5神经根麻痹症状,经2周保守治疗症状明显缓解,于术后12周时症状完全消失。随访48~72个月,平均60.5±2.7个月,术前JOA评分为8.5±0.5分,末次随访为15.4±1.3分,改善率为(77.1±5.2)%。术前平均VAS评分为3.9±0.4分,末次随访时为1.3±0.6分。术前平均NDI为20.3±5.4,末次随访时为6.5±1.8。影像学复查示术后随访期间颈椎管扩大满意,脊髓受压完全解除,椎管矢状径平均值术前为9.7±0.9mm,末次随访时为16.8±1.2mm,椎管扩大率为(67.6±13.9)%,椎管矢状面积术前为128.1±13.5mm~2,末次随访时为318.3±34.3mm2。末次随访时颈椎ROM值较术前减少9.6°±2.4°,手术前与术后随访期间C2~C7夹角未见明显差异(P0.05)。术后6个月门轴侧均达骨性愈合,随访期间均未出现关门及神经损害症状加重的情况。结论:单开门颈椎管扩大成形Centerpiece钛板内固定术是治疗脊髓型颈椎病的一种简便、安全的方法,中期临床疗效较满意。