家兔大脑皮层诱发电位的实验改进

目的:对家兔大脑皮层诱发电位的实验进行改进。方法:使用RM6240B生物信号采集处理系统,将刺激输出电极插入家兔前爪腕部,在家兔颅骨钻孔,将通道输入电极连于钻头,电刺激并观察电位变化。结果:在家兔大脑皮层记录到诱发电位,出现主反应、次反应和后发放。结论:改进后的钻孔术,不易损伤大脑皮层,也不需暴露外周神经,操作简单,成功率高。     

伪装与非伪装认知功能损伤事件相关电位P300比较研究

目的 探讨检测认知功能损伤的神经电生理技术。方法以年龄、性别、文化程度及脑损伤程度基本匹配的伪装与非伪装认知功能损伤各10例脑外伤患者为研究对象，并以上述条件相匹配的10例正常人作埘照。通过高低音听觉刺激高低概率范式（oddball）引发P300,并同步记录被试判断高低音和简单图片的正确率.结果①伪装组、非伪装组及正常对照组三组听觉高低音和简单图片判断的正确率的差异均有显著性，伪装组显著低于非伪装组和正常对照组（P〈0．01）；伪装组高低音判断的正确率仅为34．7％，图片判断的正确率为45．8％；而非伪装组和对照组的正确率均在90％以上。②三组在额点（Fz）、中央点（Cz）、顶点（Pz）三个导联上的P300潜伏期及低、高概率事件的P300幅值差值的差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论事件相关电位P300潜伏期及幅值差值对伪装认知功能损伤的诊断能够提供间接的神经电生理学佐证依据.     

颅外伤所致精神障碍患者的P300电位研究

目的 探讨颅外伤所致精神障碍P300电位特征及其在评价其认知功能中的临床价值。方法 对56例颅外伤所致精神障碍患者和53例健康者分别进行了P300电位测定和智商测定，并将两组结果加以比较。结果 颅外伤所致精神障碍患者组P300电位成分中N2、P3波潜伏期延长和P3波幅降低，较对照组差异有显著性（P〈0．01），韦氏智力量表中领悟、算术和数字广度等分量表值颅外伤所致精神障碍组均低于对照组，差异有显著性（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。相关分析显示P300潜伏期与领悟、算术和数字广度值呈显著负相关（r=-0．29～-0．33．P〈0．01），波幅则呈显著正相关（r=0．31～0．36，P〈0．01）。结论 P300电位可作为评价颅外伤所致精神障础患者认知状况的重要指标应用于临床。     

NANC inhibitory neuromuscular transmission in the hamster distal colon

The neurotransmitter(s) that generate the inhibitory junctional potential (IJP) in the circular muscle of hamster distal colon and their mechanisms have not been elucidated. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to determine the contributing roles of the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) inhibitory transmitter(s) including nitric oxide (NO), adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) in the generation of IJP in the hamster distal colon. For this purpose, the effects of the corresponding blockers of these putative NANC inhibitory mediators have been investigated using microelectrode technique. Intracellular membrane potential recordings were made from smooth muscle cells at 35 degrees C in Tyrode's solution that contained atropine (0.5microM), guanethidine (3microM) and nifedipine (0.5microM). Single electrical stimuli (0.5ms, 50V) as well as trains of two and five pulses (20Hz at the same duration and voltage) elicited NANC IJP consisted of initial fast (IJP-F) followed by a slow hyperpolarization (IJP-S). The response had been abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX, 0.3microM). The nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 200microM) blocked IJP-S but enhanced IJP-F. The later had been blocked with suramin, a universal P2 receptor antagonist, or with CBF3GA, a P2Y receptor antagonist at dose-dependent fashions. The IJP-F had been markedly inhibited by desensitization of P2Y receptor with its putative agonist 2-methylthio-ATP (2-meSATP, 50microM for 30min). IJP-F was sensitive to the P2Y1 receptor specific antagonist A3P5PS (10microM) and to the G-protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin (PTX, 400ng/ml for 2h) as well as to the small and intermediate Ca(2+) sensitive K(+) channels blocker, apamin (0.3microM). IJP-S was blocked by the guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo-[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 10microM) and was partially sensitive to apamin. Exogenously applied ATP (100microM-1mM) produced typical hyperpolarization that was blocked by suramin, CBF3GA and 2-meSATP desensitization; while exogenously applied NO (3-10microM) produced slowly developing hyperpolarization that was not blocked by L-NAME but ODQ. In the presence of both purinergic and nitrergic inhibitors, stimulation using a train of eight pulses at 25Hz evoked a small slow hyperpolarization that was sensitive to the VIP antagonist (VIP 6-28, 1microM). Exogenous application of VIP (1-10microM) produced similar response that was not evident in the presence of VIP 6-28. These data indicate that NANC IJP that is generated in the circular muscle cells of hamster distal colon is mediated by ATP and NO via P2Y1/P2Y2 receptor and GC-dependent pathways, respectively. A masked role for VIP is also indicated.     

彩色图形电生理联合检测在开角型青光眼诊断中的应用

目的探讨联合检测彩色视网膜电流图(PERG)和彩色视诱发电位(PVEP)在原发性开角型青光眼中诊断的作用。方法对14例(22只眼)原发性开角型青光眼(POAG)和12例(24只眼)正常人进行黑/白、蓝/黑视网膜电流图和视诱发电位联合检测。结果POAG组P1波和P100波峰值均较正常对照组延长(P<0.01),波幅降低(P<0.01)。在POAG组蓝/黑PERG和蓝/黑PVEP检测中,当空间频率由O.38cpd调整为0.76cpd时,P1波和P100波的波幅改变有显著性差异,P1波和P100波峰值改变无显著性差异。联合检测阳性率高,差异有显著性。结论低空间频率对POAG较为敏感,联合检测彩色视网膜电流图和彩色视诱发电位对原发性开角型青光眼诊断更有意义。     

不同时间频率图形视觉诱发电位对原发性青光眼检测的研究

目的:探讨图形视觉诱发电位(P-VEP)在不同时间频率对原发性青光眼诊断的敏感性。方法:实验分3组:原发性青光眼(PG)组30例51眼、高眼压症(OHT)组13例16眼和正常对照组23例46眼,分别记录不同时间频率(1,2,4,8,16,32Hz)P-VEPP100波波幅的变化,并与正常组比较。结果:高眼压症组在中高时间频率(8Hz)时,PVEP的波幅明显下降,差异有显著性;青光眼组在所有时间频率均表现P100波幅下降,在较高时间频率(8Hz以上)敏感度较大,差异有显著性。结论:PVEP在原发性青光眼的早期就已出现异常,可以做为早期诊断的一项指标,这些异常用中高时间频率(特别是8Hz时)检测更明显。     

大花紫玉盘素诱导肿瘤多药抗药性细胞凋亡及其机制

目的比较研究番荔枝内酯大花紫玉盘素(uvarigrin)诱导多药抗药性KBv200细胞及其亲本KB细胞凋亡及其机制。方法以MTT法进行细胞毒测定；用Annexin V FITC染色及流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡。活性氧(ROS)测定以DCFH-DA标记，细胞线粒体跨膜电位(ΔΨ_m)测定用DiOC₆标记，均以流式细胞仪检测。Caspase-9激活的测定用Western blotting法。结果大花紫玉盘素对KBv200细胞及其亲本KB细胞的生长均有明显的抑制作用；大花紫玉盘素不仅能介导KB细胞凋亡，而且也能介导KBv200细胞凋亡；大花紫玉盘素作用于KBv200细胞及其亲本KB细胞12，24和48 h，均引起ROS升高以及ΔΨm降低，而且呈时间依赖性。Western blotting方法分析显示Caspase-9被激活。结论大花紫玉盘素可能通过线粒体通路诱导细胞凋亡。     

高频电波刀在宫颈病变中的应用

目的探讨高频电波刀子宫颈环形电切除操作在治疗宫颈病变中的应用.方法对经妇科检查、宫颈脱落细胞学检查诊断为不同类型宫颈疾病的门诊患者458例,采用高频电波刀电烫、环形电切除治疗,切除病变组织标本均送病理学检查;同时观察手术时间、手术出血量及术后疗效.结果环形电切除手术治疗宫颈疾病一次成功率为98.69%(452/458),平均时间5.2分钟,出血量5.5 ml.术后阴道分泌物明显减少,无继发性出血、宫颈粘连和感染的发生;手术标本经病理学检查明确诊断.结论高频电波刀治疗各类宫颈疾病操作简单、安全,手术时间短,出血少,治疗效果佳,且可提供完整的病理标本.     

Zeta电位及其在药学分散体系研究中的应用

依据国内外文献，介绍、总结Zeta电位的测定方法及其在药学分散体系研究中的应用。Zeta电位的测定方法有微量电泳法、电泳光散射法和电-声效应法，其在乳剂、混悬剂及脂质体等的研究中具有十分重要的作用。Zeta电位为研究药物分散体系物理稳定性的一个重要参数。     

雌、孕激素联合应用对豚鼠心室乳头肌动作电位的影响

目的：观察不同浓度17-β雌二醇(17-β-estradiol，E2)与孕酮(progesterone，P)联合运用对豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位的影响。方法：采用常规玻璃微电极技术记录豚鼠心室乳头肌细胞动作电位。结果：(1)E2与P单独应用可使动作电位时程(APD90、APD)延长，APD20缩短．APA、Vmax降低。(2)不同浓度E2与P联合应用，P可加强E2的效应，这种作用可能呈现浓度依赖性。结论：E2与P可能抑制钾、钠通道，应用时应以低浓度为宜。