Endoscopy in otolaryngology utilising smartphone as the capturing device

Abstract

Mobile technology has been a significant development. With the advent of smartphones and many applications, it is possible to integrate endoscopic instruments. This is a study where the authors were able to use a smartphone as the capturing device for endoscopic examinations and were able to get satisfactory results on all but two of the 52 patients, doing four endoscopic examinations commonly being performed in otolaryngology clinics: rigid nasal endoscopy, rigid laryngoscopy, otoscopy and flexible fiberoptic naso-laryngoscopy. This article reveals their experience.     

鼻内镜下带吸引烧灼器射频治疗鼻出血

目的:探讨鼻内镜下带吸引烧灼器射频治疗鼻出血的临床治疗效果。方法:将本院2009年3月-2011年6月收治的48例鼻出血患者随机分为观察组和对照组各24例。观察组采用鼻内镜下带吸引烧灼器进行射频治疗,对照组采用药物止血,分析对比两组患者的手术治愈率、术后复发率。结果:观察组治愈率为95.83%,对照组为54.17%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组术后4周内复发率为4.17%,明显好于对照组的25.00%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:对鼻出血患者采用鼻内镜下带吸引烧灼器射频治疗有突出优点,疗效显著,临床治愈率较高,复发率较低,可进一步观察应用。     

慢性胰腺炎的内镜治疗

慢性胰腺炎(CP)是一种进行性、不可逆性炎症疾病,可引起慢性腹痛、营养不良及其他并发症,药物、内镜、外科手术的治疗均很重要。内镜治疗可运用包括胰管括约肌切开术、支架置入、狭窄扩张、ESWL、取石、囊肿引流和超声内镜引导下的治疗等多种方法,为药物治疗失败及不适合外科手术的患者提供了治疗手段。本文对内镜治疗CP所致胆胰管结石及狭窄、胰漏、胰腺假性囊肿的效果进行了综述,对EUS引导下腹腔神经丛阻滞术治疗胰性疼痛也进行了讨论。     

Evolving patterns in the diagnosis of reactive gastropathy: Data from a prospective Central European multicenter study with proposal of a new histologic scoring system

Histologic examination of gastric biopsies is crucial for determining the cause of gastritis. This prospective multicenter study was undertaken to investigate different histologic parameters arguing in favor or against the diagnosis of reactive gastropathy and to correlate findings with patient's symptoms and endoscopic findings. A total of 1123 individuals aged 15–93 years participated in a prospective multicenter study (histoGERD trial). Diagnosis of Helicobacter gastritis was made following the Updated Sydney System. Diagnosis of reactive gastropathy was based upon Dixon's parameters of foveolar hyperplasia, smooth muscle fibers in the lamina propria and vasodilatation and congestion of mucosal capillaries. Including paucity of acute and chronic inflammatory cells in analysis, a new score with visual analog scales for the diagnosis of reactive gastropathy was developed. All three histologic parameters in favor of the diagnosis of reactive gastropathy were positively associated with the endoscopic diagnosis of gastritis (p < 0.001), yet negatively with Helicobacter infection (p < 0.001). In contrast, presence of acute and chronic inflammatory cells in lamina propria was positively associated with Helicobacter infection (p < 0.001), yet not with the endoscopic diagnosis of gastritis. Our score demonstrated strong association between histologic and endoscopic diagnoses (p < 0.001), yet not with patient's symptoms. In conclusion, our data prove foveolar hyperplasia, smooth muscle fibers and vasodilatation and congestion as key histologic parameters for the diagnosis of reactive gastropathy. The proposed score may enhance the diagnostic accuracy. It should be validated in future studies.     

激光指示光引导鼻内镜下手术治疗外伤性鼻泪管阻塞伴泪囊移位

目的 观察通过激光指示光引导定位泪囊，行鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合手术治疗泪囊移位的方法。方法 对12例（12眼）经CT、MRI或泪囊造影后证实泪骨、鼻骨、或上颌骨鼻突骨折造成鼻泪管阻塞和泪囊移位，在局麻下激光指示光针于上或下泪小管进入泪囊，鼻内镜光源反复打开和关闭以观察指示光最靠近骨窗的最佳位置，切开相应鼻黏膜，做骨窗，然后顺势扩大鼻黏膜和骨窗口，准确找到泪囊后放入泪囊鼻腔引流支架。结果 12眼外伤性鼻泪管阻塞伴泪囊移位采用上述方法均顺利完成泪囊鼻腔吻合手术，术中大大减少了手术探查寻找泪囊带来的鼻黏膜和骨组织过多的损伤，术中患者痛苦少，术后恢复快，鼻腔换药次数减少。结论 激光指示光引导行鼻内镜下泪囊鼻腔吻合手术其定位准确，操作简单，组织损伤少，手术时间短。     

输卵管镜临床应用进展

输卵管镜是用于检查输卵管腔的显微内窥镜,其经过宫腔镜、腹腔镜、生育镜的引导,或单独进入输卵管内,可检查输卵管管腔是否通畅,有无狭窄、粘连、梗阻、充血、积液、息肉、憩室、子宫内膜异位病灶等,评价输卵管的功能,能纠正传统输卵管通畅性检查的假阳性和假阴性结果,还可以对病变进行活检,并同时疏通输卵管,能够兼顾诊断与治疗。输卵管镜检查可以明确输卵管性不孕的原因,病变严重时需及时选择体外受精-胚胎移植(in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer,IVF-ET),而病变较轻时保守性手术治疗可以显著提高不孕症患者的自然受孕率。随着生殖医学技术的发展和对输卵管研究的不断深入,输卵管镜显示出明显的优势,在输卵管疾病诊治方面发挥不可替代的作用。对近年国内外有关输卵管镜诊治的进展进行综述,总结输卵管镜诊治的临床应用价值。     

The safety of the posterior ankle arthroscopy in management of posterior ankle impingement: A cadaveric study

BackgroundArthroscopic management of the posterior ankle impingement with the patient in supine position has the advantage of dealing with anterior ankle pathology at the same time without the need to change position of the patient. This study aims at evaluation of the safety of portal establishment and instrumentation of this technique.MethodsSixteen fresh-frozen cadaver specimens were used. The relationships of the posteromedial and posterolateral portals to the adjacent tendons and nerves and the relationship of the coaxial portal tract with the posterior ankle capsule and the flexor hallucis longus tendon were studied.ResultAngle θ₁ between the intermalleolar line and the posterior ankle coaxial portal tract averaged 1° (−10° to 22°). Angle θ₂ between the intermalleolar line and the metal rod where the neurovascular bundle started to move averaged 19° (10° to 30°). Angle θ₃ between the intermalleolar line and the metal rod where it reached the lateral border of the Achilles tendon was larger than angle θ₂ in all specimens. The angle of safety (θ_s) averaged 18° (−1° to 26°).ConclusionsInjury to the tendon, nerves or vessels is possible during establishment of the portals and resection of the os trigonum.     

高密度多孔聚乙烯人工泪管植入治疗外伤性泪道阻塞的疗效分析

目的观察内窥镜指导下高密度多孔聚乙烯（high-density Porous polyethylene,HDPP）人工泪管植入治疗外伤性泪道阻塞的疗效。方法外伤性泪小管离断患者12例（12只眼）,行高密度多孔聚乙烯人工泪管植入术,术后随访6-24个月,平均随访15个月。结果术后患者溢泪症状消失或明显改善,所有人工泪管均冲洗通畅,术后并发症包括人工泪管结膜侧管口中度肉芽增殖1例（8.3%）,管口周围结膜组织肥厚1例（8.3%）,局部不适感2例（16.6%）。结论 HDPP人工泪管植入手术能明显改善外伤性泪道阻塞患者的溢泪症状,术后无严重并发症,该手术安全有效。