Pharmacokinetics of orally administered norethisterone enanthate in rabbit, monkey, and women

Norethisterone enanthate (NET-En), an established intramuscular long-acting contraceptive agent, has previously been shown to be effective in inhibiting fertility in two rodent species even 4 days after oral ingestion. Pharmacokinetics of NET and NET-En were studied after oral and intramuscular doses in two animal species and a few women. The results suggest that the NET-En was absorbed within a day in all the species after oral dose. The estimates of relative bioavailability ranged from 13 to 51% in rabbits, monkeys, and women. The elimination half-life was 5–10 days. The presence of the active component, NET, in the circulation over the experimental period of 15 days suggests that NET-En could be useful as a long-acting oral pill. The suppression of progesterone levels during the luteal phase of menstrual cycle in women also supports this finding.     

Diminished effect of etidronate in vitamin D deficient osteopenic postmenopausal women

Objective: The effects of vitamin D deficiency in osteopenic postmenopausal women treated with intermittent cyclical etidronate have been studied. Bone mass and biochemical parameters as bone markers were measured before and after one year of therapy with intermittent cyclical etidronate. Results: In 30 patients without vitamin D deficiency, bone mass in the lumbal spine and femoral neck was significantly increased compared to 28 vitamin D deficient patients. After cyclical intermittent etidronate therapy, serum osteocalcin and PTH were significantly increased in the vitamin D deficient patients, whereas in non-vitamin D deficient patients they did not change. Conclusion: It is worthwhile measuring serum vitamin D before starting etidronate therapy and, in case of deficiency, to give vitamin D. Received: 6 April 1995/Accepted in revised form: 23 April 1996     

老年人微小病变性肾病综合征的临床特征和长期随访

探讨老年人微小病变性(MC)特发性肾病综合征(PNS)的临床特征及预后。方法 观察成人MC性PNS118例,其中老年患者18例,占15.2％。结果 发现老年患者NS的临床表现与成年组相似;但血尿发病率较低,22％比38％;高血压和肾功能不全的发病率明显增高,38.9％比16％和33.3％比19％(P<0.01)。老年组对激素治疗的敏感性略差;但NS复发率明显减少,11.1％比43％。结论 尽管NS的复发和对激素依赖使治疗有一定困难,但激素、细胞毒性药物和环孢素A对于消除蛋白尿,延缓肾功能不全是有助的。     

高龄初产妊高征孕妇过氧化反应的研究

目的：探讨高龄初产妊高征孕妇体内过氧化反应。方法：测定正常初产妇、妊高征孕妇妊娠晚期母血过氧化脂质（LPO）、超氧化物歧化酶（DOD）的含量。结果：1．高龄初产妇母血LPO较非高龄初产妇明显升高，SOD明显下降，P＜0．05。孕妇年龄与母血LPO呈明显正相关，与SOD呈明显负相关，P均＜0．05。2．妊高征孕妇LPO较正常孕妇显著增高，SOD显著下降，P＜0．05，并随病情加重LPO水平升高、SOD水平下降更为显著，P＜0．05。3．高龄初产妊高征孕妇母血LPO含量较非高龄初产妊高征孕妇明显增高，P＜0．05，而SOD则无显著变化，P＞0．05。4.妊高征孕妇胎儿宫内生长发育迟缓（IUGR）发生率较正常孕妇显著升高，P＜0．025，各组脐血清LPO、SOD含量无显著差异，P＜0．05。结论：高龄初产妊高征孕妇体内过氧化作用明显增强，LPO水平的升高可能为高龄初产妇妊高征发生率及IUGR发生率增加的原因之一。     

Resiliency and Adult Adaptation in Women with and Without Self-Reported Histories of Childhood Sexual Abuse

This study investigated the relationship of protective factors (PF) to adult adaptation in a nonclinical sample consisting of 264 undergraduate women: two groups without childhood sexual abuse (CSA), high (n = 109) and low (n = 99) on PF; and two groups with CSA, high (n = 17) and low (n = 27) on PF. The first hypothesis that higher levels of PF would be significantly associated with higher levels of functioning for all individuals was supported by the data. The second hypothesis that the women with CSA and higher levels of PF would appear similar in adaptation to those without CSA was also supported. The findings further suggest that though the protective factors were beneficial for most individuals, they were significantly more helpful for those with CSA.     

Changing prevalence and knowledge of urinary incontinence among Hong Kong Chinese women

A territory-wide telephone survey was conducted in Hong Kong to assess the prevalence, knowledge, and treatment-seeking behaviour of Chinese women with urinary incontinence, using validated Chinese version of Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ-7). Women, 540, aged between 17 to 77 years were interviewed. Of the respondents, 40.8% reported stress urinary incontinence, 20.4% had urge incontinence and 15.9% had mixed incontinence. Among these, 16.0% reported quality of life impairment; 9.3% felt frustrated with low morale, and 15.2% had nervous and anxiety problems. However, as many as 78.3% of the respondents did not know that stress urinary incontinence is a disease entity, and 60.6% thought that leakage of urine was a normal aging process. For those respondents having stress urinary incontinence, the first treatment of choice was physiotherapy. The second choice was medication, and surgical treatment was the last option. Respondents with stress urinary incontinence showed higher education level.     

Gender Trends in Emergency Medicine Publications

Background In recent years, the number of women entering the field of emergency medicine (EM) has increased.
Objectives To determine if authorship in EM publications has increased in parallel with this trend.
Methods The gender of first and last authors of EM articles in Academic Emergency Medicine , American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Annals of Emergency Medicine , and Journal of Emergency Medicine were examined. The authors reviewed articles from 1985, 1995, and 2005 for American Journal of Emergency Medicine , Annals of Emergency Medicine , and Journal of Emergency Medicine and from 1999 and 2005 for Academic Emergency Medicine . The primary outcomes were the proportions of female authors.
Results A total of 2,016 articles were reviewed. Overall, 18% of first and last authors were female. Respectively, for 1985, 1995, 1999, and 2005, the proportions of female first authors were 9%, 15%, 19%, and 24%; the proportions of female last authors were 9%, 18%, 19%, and 22%. The trend of increases in female authorship was statistically significant.
Conclusions Although female authorship remains a minority in EM publications, it has increased significantly in parallel with increases in female participation in EM.