中药治疗帕金森病方法及其药理作用研究

目的：探讨使用中药治疗帕金森病的方法及其药理作用。方法：回顾性分析近10年来采用中药治疗帕金森病的病例,对使用频率较高的中药材药理作用进行归纳分析。结果：在过去的10年中,医院在治疗帕金森病方面使用较多的中药分别为银杏叶、党参、枸杞、丹参、川芎、白术、熟地黄、石菖蒲等。结论：用来治疗帕金森病的几味中药均有活血止痛、提高记忆力的效果,毒副作用小,患者适应性好,中药治疗是目前治疗帕金森病的重要方法之一。     

中草药细辛研究进展

细辛为多年生草本植物,是中国的一种传统中药。其化学成分复杂,具有祛风散寒、通窍止痛、温肺化饮的功效,药用价值极高。就细辛挥发油的提取方法、细辛的主要化学成分及其药理作用进行了综述,为细辛的深入研究提供一定的理论依据。     

消风止痒汤联合依巴斯汀治疗风热型荨麻疹的效果观察

目的:阐述风热型荨麻疹患者采用消风止痒汤、依巴斯汀联合治疗的方法,并探究其临床治疗效果。方法:选取2018年6月-2019年11月我院皮肤科门诊风热型荨麻疹患者62例,通过随机数表法对其进行分组,B组患者单纯采用依巴斯汀药物治疗,A组患者在其基础上联合消风止痒汤治疗,探究临床疗效,记录评测各组患者治疗前后证候表现变化,同时通过皮肤病生活质量指数量表(Dermatology Life Quality Index,DLQI)测评各组患者皮肤生活质量情况。对比两组患者治疗前后免疫指标变化。结果:观察组患者经联合治疗后总疗效明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗前,两组患者证候表现大致相近(P>0.05),治疗后,观察组患者瘙痒表现评分、风团表现评分、红肿表现评分均相较对照组更低(P<0.05)。此外,观察组患者DLQI评测结果明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗后观察组患者免疫指标明显优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:风热型荨麻疹患者通过消风止痒汤联合依巴斯汀治疗效果确切,能够改善证候表现,提高患者皮肤及生活质量,值得临床运用推广。     

五行音乐对全膝关节置换术后麻醉苏醒期患者的影响

目的:探讨五行音乐疗法对选膝关节置换术后麻醉苏醒期恢复效果的影响。方法:选取2018年12月-2019年12年月我院麻醉恢复室收治的全膝关节置换术后麻醉苏醒期患者122例,按照随机数字表法随机分为研究组和和对照组,每组各61例。对照组患者给予常规术后监护,研究组患者在对照组常规术后监护的基础上加用五行音乐疗法。比较分析两组患者干预前后的心率、收缩压、舒张压、血氧饱和度、Aldrete评分、视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分、焦虑自评量表(Self-Rating Anxiety Scale,SAS),记录恢复室停留时间、定向力恢复时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间、苏醒期并发症的发生率。结果:干预前,两组患者的心率、收缩压、舒张压、血氧饱和度、Aldrete评分、疼痛视觉模拟评分差异无统计学差异(P>0.05);干预后,研究组患者的心率、收缩压、舒张压、SAS评分、VAS评分均较干预前显著降低(P<0.05),且干预后研究组患者的心率、收缩压、舒张压、SAS评分、VAS评分均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);干预前,两组患者的Aldrete评分和血氧饱和度差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),干预后研究组患者的Aldrete评分和血氧饱和度均较前升高(P<0.05),且干预后研究组患者的Aldrete评分和血氧饱和度显著高于对照组(P<0.05);研究组患者的恢复室停留时间、定向力恢复时间、拔管时间、苏醒时间均显著短于对照组(P<0.05);研究组的苏醒期并发症发生率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:五行音乐疗法可以稳定全膝关节置换术后麻醉苏醒期患者的生命体征,减轻疼痛,缩短恢复室停留时间,降低苏醒期并发症发生率,提高麻醉苏醒后恢复效果。     

槲皮素衍生物HPS5对酒精诱导的PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用

目的探讨槲皮素衍生物HPS5对酒精导致的PC12细胞氧化损伤的保护作用。方法酒精诱导PC12细胞建立模型,MTT法检测细胞的抑制率,比较治疗后乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase,LDH)活性,以及丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase,GSH)的水平,Western-Blot检测Bax和Bcl-2蛋白表达水平。结果与模型组比较,25、50、100 mmol/L HPS5能显著下调酒精对PC12细胞增殖的抑制作用[(28.87±2.34)%、(16.49±2.13)%、(10.31±1.17)%],减少LDH的漏出[(36.47±3.29)、(31.67±3.25)、(29.34±2.87)U/L],降低MDA水平[(1.89±0.14)、(1.61±0.51)、(1.48±0.41)nmol/mg],升高GSH[(81.25±8.33)、(92.14±9.34)、(96.24±11.24)mg/g]、SOD[(3.26±0.69)、(4.17±0.68)、(4.24±0.71)NU/mg]的水平,下调Bax蛋白[(0.31±0.03)、(0.29±0.03)、(0.27±0.03)]表达,升高Bcl-2蛋白[(0.34±0.01)、(0.31±0.02)、(0.28±0.02)]表达水平。尤其中高剂量组更加明显,与模型组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 HPS5对酒精诱导的PC12细胞损伤具有保护作用,增强细胞的抗氧化能力以及上调Bcl-2和下调Bax蛋白的表达可能是其作用的机制之一。     

Beliefs and attitudes regarding drug treatment: Application of the Theory of Planned Behavior in African-American cocaine users

Background

The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) can provide insights into perceived need for cocaine treatment among African American cocaine users.

Methods

A cross-sectional community sample of 400 (50% rural) not-in-treatment African-American cocaine users was identified through respondent-driven sampling in one urban and two rural counties in Arkansas. Measures included self-reports of attitudes and beliefs about cocaine treatment, perceived need and perceived effectiveness of treatment, and positive and negative cocaine expectancies. Normative beliefs were measured by perceived stigma and consequences of stigma regarding drug use and drug treatment. Perceived control was measured by readiness for treatment, prior drug treatment, and perceived ability to cut down on cocaine use without treatment.

Findings

Multiple regression analysis found that older age (standardized regression coefficient β = 0.15, P < 0.001), rural residence (β = − 0.09, P = 0.025), effectiveness of treatment (β = 0.39, P < 0.001), negative cocaine expectancies (β = 0.138, P = 0.003), experiences of rejection (β = 0.18, P < 0.001), need for secrecy (β = 0.12, P = 0.002), and readiness for treatment (β = 0.15, P < 0.001) were independently associated with perceived need for cocaine treatment.

Conclusions

TPB is a relevant model for understanding perceived need for treatment among African-American cocaine users. Research has shown perceived need to be a major correlate of treatment participation. Study results should be applicable for designing interventions to encourage treatment participation.     

运用FMEA降低住院患者静脉用药治疗风险

目的:优化静脉用药流程,促进用药安全。方法:运用失效模式与效应分析(FMEA)方法评估住院患者静脉用药流程潜在的风险因素,并结合用药流程探讨可能造成错误的原因,提出改善住院患者用药安全的可行性方案,并持续追踪改善成效。结果:在住院患者静脉用药流程中找到40项容易导致用药错误的高风险因素,并对高风险流程进行优化改造。改造后流程得到简化,用药错误风险较前明显降低。结论:FMEA作为一种风险管理工具,能使药品管理者前瞻性地发现住院患者在执行静脉用药流程中潜在的漏洞与风险,从而降低风险,防患于未然。     

医疗失效模式与效应分析在降低外科医护人员HIV职业暴露中的应用效果

目的：探讨医疗失效模式与效应分析（ HFMEA）在降低HIV患者致外科医护人员职业暴露中的应用。方法根据HFMEA的方法,成立外科医护人员HIV职业暴露防范小组,对HIV患者致外科医护人员职业暴露进行失效模式及潜在风险原因分析,计算优先风险指数（RPN）,对需要优先解决的问题进行措施改进。统计实施HFMEA前后医护人员职业暴露的发生情况;采用自行设计的问卷调查外科医护人员对实施HFMEA管理的评价。结果实施HFMEA管理前收治HIV患者22例,有6例造成医护人员职业暴露,其中5例为血源性暴露,1例为黏膜暴露;实施HFMEA管理后,共收治HIV患者30例,仅1例造成医护人员职业暴露,暴露类型为血源性;管理前后比较差异有统计学意义（χ2＝4．36,P＜0.05）。外科医护人员对实施HFMEA管理的评价显示,32人（100．0％）均认为HFMEA提高了外科医护人员对接触HIV患者安全防护认知和可以降低外科医护人员 HIV 职业暴露的发生。结论运用HFMEA评估HIV致外科医护人员职业暴露的RPN,通过推行安全注射、加强个人防护用品的配备、医疗废物的管理等措施,可以降低外科医护人员HIV职业暴露的发生。     

Behavioral Effects and Pharmacokinetics of Low-Dose Intravenous Alcohol in Humans

Alcohol has physiological effects on the human central nervous system at blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) as low as 9 mg/dl. It is unknown, however, if humans can perceive the effects of such low doses of alcohol. Furthermore, low BACs can be difficult to measure. The purpose of this experiment was to: (1) assess the ability of humans to perceive subjective effects of low BACs; (2) measure behavioral effects of low BACs on a psychomotor performance task; and (3) test the sensitivity and accuracy of the transdermal alcohol sensor (TAS) for measuring low BACs from skin. Five men and seven women were administered single-blind intravenous infusions of ethyl alcohol in 5% dextrose/water to achieve peak BACs of 0,10,20, and 40 mg/dl. Subjective intoxication scales and a computer administered continuous performance task (CPT) were used to assess alcohol effects. BACs were estimated from skin, blood, and breath. The only alcohol-induced sensation significantly increased during the alcohol infusions was anesthesia measured by the Alcohol Sensation Scale on the descending limb of the BAC curve. The subjective positive-reinforcing stimulant and mood effects of alcohol were not reported until subjects were administered the 40 mg/dl alcohol infusion. Other measures of subjective intoxication and sedation, and the CPT were unaffected by the alcohol infusions. The TAS provided a noninvasive method for estimating BACs that was comparable with estimates obtained from blood and breath, although delayed in time.     

African Mistletoes (Loranthaceae); Ethnopharmacology,Chemistry and Medicinal Values: An Update

Mistletoes of the Loranthaceae and Viscaceae are hemiparasitic plants and their preparations in the form of injectable extracts, infusions, tinctures, fluid extracts or tea bags are widely used in various cultures in almost every continent to treat or manage various health problems including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory conditions, irregular menstruations, menopause, epilepsy, arthritis, cancer, etc. The medicinal values of some species of Mistletoes (Loranthaceae) growing in the West African sub-region have been reviewed along with some considerations of their chemistries and local uses. These have been compared with Mistletoes (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae) growing elsewhere in Europe and Asia. This review has attempted to update our knowledge on the values of these hemi-parasites which belong to the genera - Globimetula, Phragmanthera, Agelanthus and Tapinanthus, and which have, for years, been seen as only devastating and notorious plants. They are also seen as epiphyting economic, ornamental and medicinal plants. The hemi-parasitic plants (Mistletoes) are not well understood as very little is known about their biology (taxonomy, host/plant relationship, ecology, toxicology, physiological characteristics, etc.) and chemistry (chemical constituents'' profile). Some pharmacological studies carried out on the various crude alcoholic extracts and purified fractions have, however, revealed that mistletoes showed hypotensive, hypoglycaemic, antilipidaemic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, etc. effects and were non-toxic in experimental animals at the doses used. The findings showed that mistletoes can be very useful as medicinal agents in ameliorating health problems such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, arthritis, pain, cancer and a host of other ailments if properly studied and developed.