Digital clubbing and pulmonary function abnormalities in children with lung disease

Digital clubbing and pulmonary function tests were measured in children, adolescents, and adults with chronic lung diseases to determine pulmonary function correlates with a quantitative measure of clubbing. The group had a mean age of 13.8 +/- 6.0 (SD) years, mean PaO2 of 81 +/- 21 mm Hg, and mean FEV1 of 60% +/- 26% predicted. Digital clubbing was diagnosed in 43 cases when the distal phalangeal depth to interphalangeal depth (DPD/IPD) ratio, measured on a finger cast, was greater than or equal to 1 (greater than 3 SD above mean from 85 controls; no history of pulmonary disease; mean age, 14.8 +/- 7.6). The PaO2 of patients with digital clubbing was 69.4 +/- 2.1 (SEM) mm Hg compared with 88.3 +/- 1.3 mm Hg in those without digital clubbing (P less than 0.0001). Digital clubbing was present in 39 of the 84 (46%) hypoxic patients (PaO2 less than or equal to 88) but only four of the 78 (5%) normoxic patients (P less than 0.0001). The DPD/IPD ratio was negatively correlated with PaO2 in subjects with cystic fibrosis and interstitial fibrosis. Weak negative correlations were seen for all other subjects except asthmatics. Overall, the DPD/IPD ratio was significantly correlated with PaO2 (r = -0.53; P less than 0.0001). The DPD/IPD ratio was correlated with other lung function abnormalities (increased RV, decreased FEV1, and FEF25%-75%) only for the subjects with cystic fibrosis. We conclude that digital clubbing is associated with hypoxemia and airway obstruction. The relation is seen most clearly in subjects with cystic fibrosis, possibly reflecting the prolonged duration of hypoxemia. Digital clubbing is rarely seen in normoxic subjects.     

Outcome of the Sauvé–Kapandji procedure for distal radioulnar joint disorder with rheumatoid arthritis or osteoarthritis: Results of one-year follow-up

Objectives: We performed the Sauvé–Kapandji procedure for treating disorders of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) or osteoarthritis (OA). This study aimed to compare and clarify the results of the SK procedure between RA and OA patients. We report the one-year follow-up results of patients who underwent the SK procedure to correct the DRUJ disorder caused by RA or OA.

Methods: The study included 22 wrists of 19 patients with RA and 10 wrists of nine patients with OA. Pain, grip strength and range of motion of the wrist were examined clinically. For the evaluation of the stability of the carpus, ulnar stump and bone union, parameters were measured using radiographs. Shortened disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand questionnaire (QuickDASH) was used for functional evaluation.

Results: Wrist pain reduced in all cases, and bone union was achieved in all wrists. The QuickDASH score significantly improved in both patients with RA and OA. In patients with RA, the range of motion increased significantly with regard to supination but decreased significantly with regard to palmar flexion. Carpal alignment and ulnar stump stability were maintained well at one-year follow-up.

Conclusion: The Sauvé–Kapandji procedure for treating disorders of the distal radioulnar joint DRUJ showed good results clinically and radiographically, irrespective of RA or OA.     

正骨十四法联合中药外敷在桡骨远端骨折中的应用效果分析

【摘要】 目的 研究探讨正骨十四法联合舒筋定痛散外敷治疗桡骨远端骨折的临床疗效。方法 选取 2019年1月至2021年1月郑州市骨科医院收治的100例桡骨远端骨折患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其随机分为观察组 (50例)与对照组(50例)? 观察组患者采用正骨十四法联合舒筋定痛散外敷治疗,对照组患者单纯采用正骨十四法治疗,对比观察两组患者功能训练开始时间、肿胀消退时间、骨折愈合时间、腕关节活动度以及腕关节功能? 结果 观察组患者功能训练开始时间、肿胀消退时间、骨折愈合时间均明显短于对照组 (t =6.809、4.761、4.859,P 均 <0.001); 治疗后 3 个月,观察组患者腕关节旋前、旋后、掌屈活动度均明显大于对照组 (t =20.384、22.656、20.190,P 均 <0.001); 治疗后6个月,观察组患者腕关节功能为优者7例、良者23例、可者17 例、差者3 例,与对照组患者腕关节功能为优者4例、良者19例、可者18例、差者9例无明显差异(Z = -1.800,P =0.072)。结论 正骨十四法联合舒筋定痛散外敷治疗桡骨远端骨折,可有效促进肿胀消退,缩短骨折愈合时间,改善腕关节活动度,值得临床推广应用。     

内侧皮质不同复位等级对股骨转子间骨折髓内钉内固定术后临床疗效的影响

【摘要】 目的 探究内侧皮质不同复位等级对股骨转子间骨折 (FIF) 股骨近端髓内钉内固定术后临床疗效的影响。 方法 选取2016年6月至2019年10月正阳县人民医院收治的76 例FIF患者作为研究对象,并根据股骨近端髓内钉内固定术后即刻正位 X 线片显示的头颈骨块内侧皮质和股骨干内侧皮质的位置关系将患者分为正性支撑组(25例)、中性支撑组 (26例)和负性支撑组(25例),其中正性支撑组患者头颈骨块内侧皮质位于股骨干内侧皮质内上方,中性支撑组患者头颈骨块内侧皮质与股骨干内侧皮质影像学上完全对位,负性支撑组患者头颈骨块内侧皮质位于股骨干内侧皮质外上方。 对比观察 3 组患者术中出血量、手术时间、术后即刻尖顶距(TAD)、骨折愈合时间、股骨颈长度及颈干角变化情况以及临床疗效与并发症发生情况。结果 3 组患者术中出血量、手术时间及术后即刻 TAD 无明显差异 (F =0.021、0.015、0.255,P =0.980、0.985、0.880)。 正性支撑组患者骨折愈合时间明显短于负性支撑组 (q =5.373,P <0.001),而正性支撑组和中性支撑组、中性支撑组和负性支撑组间无明显差异 (q =3.145、2.280,P = 0.074、0.246)。术后即刻及术后3个月,正性支撑组患者股骨颈长度均明显长于中性支撑组和负性支撑组(术后即刻: q =6.172、13.920,P 均 <0.001;术后 3 个月: q =16.240、30.600,P 均 < 0.001),且中性支撑组患者股骨颈长度明显长于负性支撑组 (q = 7.887、14.660,P均<0.001);正性支撑组患者颈干角均明显大于中性支撑组和负性支撑组 (术后即刻: q = 3.562、7.839,P =0.037、P <0.001;术后 3 个月: q =12.360、24.860,P 均 <0.001),且中性支撑组患者颈干角明显大于负性支撑组 (q =4.353、12.740,P =0.008、P <0.001)。 术后 6 个月,正性支撑组患者中优 15 例、良 8 例、中 1 例?差 1 例,明显优于中性支撑组患者的优8例、良8例、中7例、差3例以及负性支撑组患者的优 6 例、良 7 例?中 6 例、差6例 (Z = - 2.520、- 3.150,P = 0.012、0.002),而中性支撑组与负性支撑组间无明显差异(Z = -0.917,P =0.359)。正性支撑组患者术后并发症发生率为 4.00%,中性支撑组患者术后并发症发生率为23.08%,负性支撑组患者术后并发症发生率为 28.00%,3 组患者并发症发生情况无明显差异 (χ2 =5.361,P =0.069)。 结论 FIF患者髓内钉内固定术后内侧皮质正性支撑复位稳定性更好,可明显缩短骨折愈合时间,改善股骨颈长度及颈干角,临床疗效较好,术中有意识的获得正性支撑复位非常必要。     

基于影像学特征对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折病人经皮椎体成形术后同椎体再发骨折的预测研究

目的 探讨基于影像学特征对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（OVCF）病人经皮椎体成形术（PVP）后的列线图模型预测术椎椎体再发骨折的价值。 方法 回顾性纳入急性OVCF并行PVP后的病人93例。所有病人均行X线及MRI检查,根据椎体再发骨折诊断标准将病人分为再发骨折组（48例）和无再发骨折组（45例）。采用t检验和卡方检验比较2组间临床资料及影像特征的差异,对差异有统计学意义的指标进行多因素Logistic回归分析,获取再发骨折的独立危险因素,采用R软件建立列线图模型并绘制其校准曲线。采用受试者操作特征（ROC）曲线评估模型的预测效能,计算ROC曲线下面积（AUC）。应用校准曲线对列线图模型进行验证。 结果 再发骨折组的椎体高度恢复率、延伸至终板的骨折线、椎体内裂隙（IVC）、骨水泥周围积液及骨水泥-终板未接触（NPEC）与无再发骨折组的差异均有统计学意义（均P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示延伸至终板的骨折线[优势比（OR）=3.232]、存在IVC（OR=27.117）和NPEC（OR=1.993）及较高的椎体高度恢复率（OR=2.943）为同椎体再发骨折的独立危险因素（均P<0.05）。存在延伸至终板的骨折线的椎体骨质前份前移距离[（3.12±2.62） mm]大于无延伸者[（1.67±2.18） mm]（P<0.05）。与不存在IVC病人相比,存在IVC病人的椎体高度恢复率（分别为7.19%±8.60%和12.63%±11.81%）和NPEC发生率[78.38%（58/74）和94.74%（18/19）]均更高（P<0.05）。列线图模型预测再发骨折的AUC为0.860,敏感度0.792,特异度0.844。校准曲线显示列线图预测概率与实际概率一致性尚可。 结论 基于影像学特征建立的列线图模型能够预测术椎椎体再发骨折。     

Who will benefit from antiresorptive treatment (bisphosphonates)?

Bisphosphonates are very effective treatments of postmenopausal osteoporosis. They suppress bone turnover, increase bone mineral density (BMD), and maintain or improve structural and material properties of bone, thereby decreasing the risk of fractures. All patients selected for treatment according to current international guidelines can benefit from bisphosphonate therapy independently of their prevalent rate of bone turnover. Long-term extensions (up to 10 years) of pivotal clinical trials with daily bisphosphonate administration showed sustained efficacy with no evidence of adverse effects on bone metabolism and skeletal fragility. Recent studies focus on the resolution of the effects of bisphosphonates on bone metabolism and fracture risk following cessation of long-term treatment. Such studies may help to formulate treatment recommendations according to the risk of the individual patient.     

Clinical significance of distal colon polyps for the prediction of an advanced proximal neoplasm: the KASID prospective multicenter study

Background/aims The possibility of proximal lesion without distal polyps is a weak point of sigmoidoscopic colon cancer screening, but the clinical significance of distal findings for advanced proximal neoplasm (APN) is uncertain. The aim of this study was to assess the significance of a distal finding as a predictor of APN. Materials and methods Asymptomatic patients ≥50 years old were enrolled from among patients who underwent polypectomy at 11 tertiary medical centers during the Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Disease prospective study conducted between July 2003 and March 2004. Polyps located distal to the splenic flexure were defined as distal polyps. An advanced neoplasm was defined as a polyp of ≥10 mm in size, and/or with villous features, and/or with high-grade dysplasia, or invasive cancer. Age, gender, and distal polyp size, appearance, and histology were analyzed as risk factors of APN. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of distal polyps for APN were calculated. Results Data from 826 patients were analyzed. Mean patient age was 60.1 years (range 50–86), and 71.3% were men. APN was found in 98 patients, and 45 (45.9%) patients had no distal polyps. Risk factors of APN were a male gender, distal polyp size, and an advanced distal neoplasm. Sensitivities of a distal polyp of ≥10 mm and of an advanced distal neoplasm for APN were both 38.8% with positive predictive values of 13.3 and 14.4%, respectively. Conclusions Although distal colon findings were found to be helpful for predicting APN in asymptomatic patients aged ≥50 years, APN without distal polyps requires careful consideration.     

The prevalence of symptomatic knee and distal interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis in the urban population of Antalya, Turkey

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of symptomatic knee and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint osteoarthritis (OA) in the elderly (50 years of age) urban population of Antalya, Turkey. According to the 1997 national census, Antalyas population was 508,840. By random cluster sampling, 655 individuals aged 50 years or more were interviewed face-to-face and subjected to structured interviews regarding knee pain, worsening pain on exertion, and the gelling phenomenon. They were also asked about performing namaz (a fundamental act of worship in Islam performed five times a day), smoking, type of residence, type of toilet, work style, and duration of walking per day. They were also questioned about swelling in DIP joints. In the case of suspicion of knee OA, the individuals were invited to the hospital for further evaluation by physical examination and direct roentgenogram. The diagnosis of knee OA was based on clinical or clinical and radiographic findings. The prevalence of symptomatic knee OA was determined as 14.8% in the population aged 50 years or over. Advanced age, female sex, namaz, and type of residence were found to be associated with knee OA. The rate of symptomatic knee OA was significantly lower in smokers and those walking more than 2 h per day. Female sex was also strongly associated with OA DIP joints. OA of DIP joints was found significantly associated with symptomatic knee OA. The latter is a major health problem in the elderly population, especially in about one fourth of women aged 50 years or over. These data suggest that advanced age, female sex, and type of residence are risk factors.     

肌少症和骨质疏松对类风湿关节炎患者脊柱骨质疏松性骨折的协同影响

目的探讨肌少症和骨质疏松(OP)对RA患者脊柱骨质疏松性骨折(OPF)发生的协同影响.方法选择389例住院的RA患者和同期156例年龄、性别相匹配的健康人,采用双能X线吸收测量(DEXA)法测定腰椎和髋部的骨密度(BMD),采用生物电阻抗法测定四肢骨骼肌质量,摄脊柱X线正侧位片并以半定量法进行脊柱骨折的判定.统计学方法:2组间计量资料比较采用t检验,组间率的比较采用x2检验,2项分类资料的多元回归分析采用Logistic回紧(backward LR法)分析.结果RA患者各测定部位BMD均低于对照组(P<0.01),RA组骨质疏松发生率(128/389,32.9%)高于对照组[(20/156,12.8%),χ^2=22.706,P<0.01];RA患者脊柱OPF发生率为21.6%(84/389),高于对照组中[(3.8%,6/156),χ^2=25.439,P<0.01].RA患者中肌少症的发生率为54.8%,高于对照组[(9.6%,15/156),χ^2=93.241,P<0.01];RA组肌少症合并骨质疏松的发生率(28.5%)高于对照组[(5.8%),χ^2=118.110,P<0.01 ].不同骨量(骨量正常、骨量减少、骨质疏松)分组间RA患者脊柱OPF发生率的差异有统计学意义(χ^2=43.373,P<0.01),且呈现出随着骨量逐渐降低,脊柱OPF发生率逐渐升高的趋势(χ^2=43.003,P<0.01).伴肌少症的RA患者脊柱OPF发生率(27.2%,58/213)高于无肌少症的RA患者[(14.8%,26/176),χ^2=8.833,P=0.003].根据骨质疏松和肌少症分组的3组间(1=无肌少症和骨质疏松;2=单纯肌少症或骨质疏松;3=肌少症合并骨质疏松)RA患者脊柱OPF发生率的差异有统计学意义(χ^2=33.832,P<0.01),且从第1组到第3组脊柱OPF的发生率有逐渐增高的趋势(χ^2=37.164,P<0.01).与未服用糖皮质激素(GC)组相比,服用GC组的RA患者具有更高的肌少症发生率(χ^2=7.136,P=0.008)、OP发生率(CI=10.900,P=0.004)和脊柱OPF发生率(χ^2=20.673,P<0.01).Logistic回归分析显示:高龄[OR(95%CI)=1.069(1.038,1.101),P<0.01]、服用GC[OR(95%CI)=3.169(1.679,5.984),P<0.01]、肌少症和骨质疏松[OR(95%CI)=2.113(1.430,3.124),P<0.01]的同时存在为RA患者发生脊柱OPF的危险因素.结论RA患者肌少症、骨质疏松和脊柱OPF的发生率均明显增高,且肌少症和骨质疏松对RA患者脊柱OPF的发生具有协同作用.