桡骨远端骨折三种治疗方法的疗效分析

目的探讨桡骨远端骨折的治疗效果。方法对桡骨远端骨折137例（150侧）的资料进行分析，采用AO分型法对骨折分类，治疗方法包括切开复位内固定，闭合复位半环架外固定，闭合复位石膏外固定。结果本组均获随访，平均随访时间12．7个月。所有患者按Dienst评分系统进行综合评分。A型骨折的总优良率82．85％，B型骨折的总优良率67．69％，C型骨折的总优良率48．00％。A型骨折中切开复位与手法复位的优良率无明显差别，B型骨折中切开复位植骨内固定的优良率最高，C型骨折的外固定组的优良率最高。结论损伤小的患者，疗效整体较好。A型骨折各种处理方法的优良率差别不大，B型骨折中切开复位植骨内固定的方法整体的优良率较高，C型骨折采用闭合复位半环架外固定的疗效相对较好。     

导航在长骨干骨折髓内钉固定中的应用

目的阐述透视导航技术在长骨干(股骨和胫骨)骨折,特别是在术中远端交锁髓内钉固定中的应用。探索在导航条件下术中应用髓内钉图像库开展远端交锁固定的可行性。此外,医用机器人的开发旨在被进一步用来改善手术程序的精确性。方法导航手术下,55例行股骨远端交锁钉固定和36例行胫骨远端交锁钉固定。其中13例术中应用图像库开展远端交锁固定。结果远端交锁固定成功率为97%。结论透视导航在长骨干骨折术中,使远端髓内交锁钉固定成功率增高。图像库的应用可以进一步减少患者和手术人员的X线辐射剂量。     

The comparative evaluation of cellular localization of viral antigens with microscopic changes in the ileum of cattle infected with bovine viral diarrhea

The correlation between microscopic changes with cellular localization of viral antigens was studied in the ileum of 16 cases infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Microscopic lesions in the ileum included multifocal erosive and ulcerative ileitis, severe congestion and hemorrhage, crypt dilation and mucus engorgement, epithelial debris and leukocytes, lymphoid depletion of Peyer’s patches, herniation of mucosal epithelium into depleted Peyer’s patches, and fibrinoid vasculitis of submucosal vessels. BVDV antigen was detected by immunohistochemistry in macrophages, dendritic cells, smooth muscle cells, endothelial cells, epithelial cells of crypts, and mucosal epithelium, together with other mononuclear cells including lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblasts, and intramural ganglial cells. No consistent correlation between the presence of BVDV antigen and vascular lesions in the ileum was identified. The intensity and distribution of the immunoperoxidase stain in the ileum was graded as highly positive (18.7%), moderately positive (56.3%), and mildly positive (25%). In conclusion, the pattern and density of distribution and localization of BVDV antigen in the ileum was not consistently correlated with the severity of microscopic lesions.     

铁筷子多糖抑制鼠S180生长的形态学观察

目的观察铁筷子多糖(Heborus thibetanus Franch polysaccharose，HFPS)对小鼠体内肉瘤S180生长的影响及荷瘤鼠肉瘤、胸腺组织的组织学变化。方法设立正常对照组、肿瘤模型组、铁筷子多糖处理组和阳性对照组(复方天仙胶囊处理组)。用小鼠肉瘤S180细胞株建立动物肿瘤模型，灌胃给予荷S180小鼠HFPS后，计算抑瘤率及观察荷瘤鼠胸腺组织及肉瘤组织的形态变化。结果铁筷子多糖有明显抑制S180肉瘤细胞体内生长的作用；对照鼠S180肉瘤模型，多糖(HFPS)治疗组荷瘤小鼠胸腺皮质厚度较明显增加，胸腺细胞增多；小鼠肉瘤组织中肉瘤细胞发生不同程度的变性和坏死以及中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞为主的炎细胞浸润。结论铁筷子多糖有抑制S180细胞体内生长的作用。     

Brain tissue microarrays in dementia research: White matter microvascular pathology in Alzheimer's disease

Tissue microarrays (TMA) consist of up to 1000 cylindrical tissue cores from different donor paraffin blocks relocated into one recipient block, allowing for efficient histopathological studies by fluorescence in situ hybridization, RNA in situ hybridization or immunohistochemistry. On the background of the increasing interest of the TMA technique in cancer research and the suggestion of its application also in studies of non‐neoplastic intracranial disorders, the technique was applied to pathologic white matter in AD brains. Eight cases with AD and concomitant white matter pathology were neuropathologically diagnosed on whole brain coronal slides. The TMA technique was used to grade severity of white matter pathology and to quantify small vessels with traditional staining and immunohistochemical markers. These measurements were compared with the whole brain neuropathological assessment. The technique produced good results with preserved tissue structures as confirmed by the whole brain evaluation. Severity of white matter pathology evaluated on the TMA cores correlated negatively with small vessel quantities, and statistically significant differences in vessel quantities paralleled different grades of white matter pathology. It is concluded that the TMA technique could be further utilized in studies of dementing disorders, and may have its advantages in large, clinically well‐characterized materials (e.g. in quantitative mapping of white matter changes).     

The Post Therapy Breast

Both systemic and local therapy, for conditions of the breast and unrelated to it, may produce manuno-graphic changes. Some of these are characteristic, such as the pattern of scarring seen in reduction mammo-plasty. In many other instances, however, the changes produced overlap features commonly seen in malignancy. A knowledge of the timing, natural history and spectrum of these changes will aid mammographic interpretation.     

Reversible low-molecular-weight proteinuria in patients with distal renal tubular acidosis

Four patients with untreated renal tubular acidosis had a urinary excretion of low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteins which was restored to normal by alkali therapy. Hypokalaemic proximal tubular damage in untreated patients with distal renal tubular acidosis is believed to be the cause of LMW proteinuria. An examination of urinary excretion of LMW proteins is useful for determining hypokalaemic proximal tubular dysfunction, as well as the efficiency of alkali therapy.     

股骨远端复杂骨折的手术治疗

目的探讨股骨远端严重粉碎骨折有效治疗方法. 方法在动物实验基础上,我们于2001年3月～2002年8月,应用AO髁支持钢板及自行设计翼状解剖型钢板内固定与同种异体骨移植治疗股骨远端复杂骨折26例,均为AO/ASIF分类中33C3.3.采用AO技术,术中平均植骨46 g. 结果术后24例伤口Ⅰ期愈合,2例伤口感染经换药愈合.24例4～11个月达到骨性愈合,2例过早负重致固定失败而再次手术.随访7～25个月,平均14个月,根据Shelbourne and Brueckmann膝关节功能评定标准,优5例,良18例,可1例,差2例,优良率为88.5%. 结论翼状解剖型钢板远端螺钉孔为长椭圆形且有连续钉孔,适合于严重粉碎骨折;翼状解剖型钢板及髁支持钢板内固定与充分植骨是治疗股骨远端复杂骨折较理想的方法,同种异体骨可以取代自体髂骨植骨.     

外固定支架在治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折中的应用

近年来，随着桡骨远端骨折的治疗观念不断更新，传统闭合复位石膏固定和切开复位内固定术在治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折中的局限性越来越突出，而外固定支架则显示出其独特的优势。本文笔者就有关外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的基本原理、临床疗效、发展及其并发症作一综述。     

MR imaging based strategies in limb salvage surgery for osteosarcoma of the distal femur

Objective. To analyse to what extent MR imaging based decisions were correct in determining the surgical procedure in patients with osteosarcoma of the distal femur. Design. We compared the findings on MR imaging that determined the surgical strategy with the actual surgical findings or histopathological specimen. We assessed to what extent MR images could be used to determine the surgical procedure in patients with osteosarcoma. Patients. Between 1985 and 1992, 34 patients with an osteosarcoma were treated. Two patients had a low-grade osteosarcoma. Thirty-two patients with a high-grade osteosarcoma of the distal femur (17 stage IIB, 15 stage III) were included in this study. Surgical options consisted of either limb salvage surgery or ablative surgery, which included the Van Nes-Borggreve rotationplasty. Limb salvage surgery consisted of extra-articular or transarticular resection, followed by reconstruction. Surgery was planned depending on the local extent of the tumour as depicted on the MR studies, coupled with data from the biopsy, age, patient compliance and histological grade. Follow-up was available in all patients. Nine of 17 patients graded as IIB were alive with an average follow-up of 68 months (range 46–109 months), of whom one has metastases. No local recurrence was encountered. Results. If no tumour involvement on MR imaging was found and this was used as a determining factor, this proved to be correct at subsequent analysis. We found that in eight of 11 cases, when MR images suggested a close relationship between tumour and nerve, an oncologically safe plane could be achieved during surgery. In three, a free plane could not be accomplished, as confirmed at histopathological examination. Hence, when nerve involvement was equivocal on MR imaging we found it valuable to reassess nerve involvement during surgery and reconsider limb salvage surgery. When the decisive factor was the vascular involvement and tumour extension was read as equivocal, it was possible to obtain a oncologically safe plane in six of 13 cases. When comprehensive tumour involvement of any structure was noted pre-operatively, it proved to be correct at histopathological examination, except for one case of assumed vascular involvement that proved to be free. Conclusions. If no tumour involvement of a structure was found on MR imaging and this was used as a determining factor, this proved to be correct. When nerve involvement was equivocal on MR imaging we found it valuable to reassess nerve involvement during surgery and reconsider limb salvage surgery. Extensive tumour involvement of any structure, as shown by MR imaging, could be used correctly as a decisive argument in planning a surgical procedure.