抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体的检测及意义

目的探讨检测抗中性粒细胞胞浆抗体(ANCA)与ANCA密切相关疾病中的价值。方法应用间接免疫荧光(IIF)法检测255例相关疾病患者血清ANCA的检出率。结果检测255例相关疾病中,韦格纳氏肉芽肿阳性率为80%;未分类血管炎阳性率为58.62%;系统性红斑狼疮阳性率为69.64%;类风湿性关节炎阳性率为38.10%;上、下呼吸道损害阳性率为36%;肾病综合征阳性率为41.79%;急性肾衰阳性率为38.46%;慢性肾衰阳性率为9.38%;过敏性紫癜阳性率为42.86%。结论检测ANCA判断以韦格纳氏肉芽肿为代表疾病的病情诊断具有参考价值。     

中剂量阿糖胞苷联合米托蒽醌及依托泊甙巩固治疗对难治复发性AML患儿的疗效及安全性

【摘要】目的 探讨中剂量阿糖胞苷联合米托蒽醌及依托泊甙巩固治疗对难治复发性急性髓系白血病（AML）患儿的疗效及安全性。方法 选取2008年12月～2012年12月我院收治的行阿糖胞苷联合米托蒽醌、依托泊甙巩固治疗的难治复发性AML患儿96例作为研究对象,采用回顾性分析法分析所有患儿的临床及随访资料,根据阿糖胞苷使用剂量的不同将其分为低剂量组、中剂量组和高剂量组3组,每组各32例,治疗结束后分析并比较3组患儿近期和远期临床疗效,并记录3组患儿治疗过程中不良反应的发生情况。结果 近期临床总有效率3组相比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,且所有部分缓解的患儿中8例患儿进行骨髓移植治疗后治愈,余42例继续采用药物进行治疗;3组患儿5年总生存率（OS）比较差异有统计学意义（P＞0.05）,中剂量组和高剂量组患儿5年OS均高于低剂量组（P＞0.05）,但中剂量和高剂量组5年OS比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,3组患儿其5年无事件生存年率（EFS）比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;3组患儿在骨髓抑制和心脏毒性的不良反应方面比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,但中剂量组和高剂量组患儿其感染、胃肠道反应以及肝肾功能损伤的不良反应发生率均显著高于低剂量组,且高剂量组患儿胃肠道和肝肾功能损伤的不良反应发生率均高于中剂量组患儿,组间比较差异均有统计学意（P＞0.05）。结论 中剂量阿糖胞苷联合米托蒽醌及依托泊甙巩固治疗对难治复发性AML患儿具有较好的临床疗效和较低的毒副反应,存在一定的安全性,可作为临床上治疗AML患儿的首选治疗方案。     

慢性泪囊炎泪道引流管置入术后导管留置最佳时机探讨

目的：探讨慢性泪囊炎行泪道引流管置入术后导管留置的最佳时机。

方法：回顾性选取2011-04/2016-10于我院行泪道引流管置入术的慢性泪囊炎患者143例143眼,根据术后导管留置时间进行分组,其中A组患者50例50眼术后导管留置6wk,B组患者57例57眼术后导管留置9wk,C组患者36例36眼术后导管留置12wk。比较三组患者术后临床疗效、视力、溢泪和复发情况及并发症发生情况。

结果：拔管当天,A组和B组患者临床疗效总有效率(94%和93%)优于C组(39%)(均P<0.0167),但拔管后3mo,三组患者临床疗效总有效率(56%、51%、36%)、视力、溢泪发生率(46%、53%、56%)均无明显差异。拔管后随访6mo,三组患者术后复发率(4%、7%、19%)无明显差异(P=0.056),但C组患者术后并发症发生率(25%)明显高于A组(4%)和B组(7%)(均P<0.0167)。

结论：慢性泪囊炎行泪道引流管置入术后导管留置6wk或9wk临床获益优于12wk,更具临床应用价值。     

血浆瓜氨酸对重症患者肠内营养时机选择的价值研究

目的 探讨针对重症患者实施血浆瓜氨酸水平测定对其肠内营养时机选择的价值。方法 本院于2018年9月至2020年9月纳入240例ICU重症患者开展研究。根据急性胃肠损伤(AGI)诊断标准观察患者AGI发生情况并开展AGI分级(其中AGIⅠ～Ⅳ级患者各60例),随后对所有患者进行血浆瓜氨酸水平测定,比较不同AGI分级患者一般资料、病情严重程度、预后情况及各阶段(入组时、肠内营养开始实施时、出现胃肠道相关并发症时)血浆瓜氨酸水平;再根据血浆瓜氨酸检测水平分组,其中浓度≥12μmol/L的137例患者纳入试验组,将血浆瓜氨酸浓度12μmol/L的103例患者纳入对照组;探讨肠内营养时机的选择。结果 AGIⅣ级患者APACHEⅡ评分、SOFA评分及28 d病死率显著高于AGIⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级,其ICU治疗时间明显长于其他三级,而AGIⅣ级患者血浆瓜氨酸水平显著低于AGIⅠ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级;试验组患者肠内营养24 h喂养量明显多于对照组,其喂养目标达标时间显著短于对照组;试验组喂养不耐受、胃潴留、腹泻及腹胀、胃肠道出血、腹腔高压等胃肠道相关并发症发生率及28 d病死率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 重症患者血浆瓜氨酸水平与其病情严重程度及AGI分级呈反比,通过测定血浆瓜氨酸含量可预测患者发生胃肠道并发症的风险,从而明确肠内营养开展时机(血浆瓜氨酸浓度≥12μmol/L)。     

Channel Interaction and Current Level Affect Across-Electrode Integration of Interaural Time Differences in Bilateral Cochlear-Implant Listeners

Sensitivity to interaural time differences (ITDs) is important for sound localization. Normal-hearing listeners benefit from across-frequency processing, as seen with improved ITD thresholds when consistent ITD cues are presented over a range of frequency channels compared with when ITD information is only presented in a single frequency channel. This study aimed to clarify whether cochlear-implant (CI) listeners can make use of similar processing when being stimulated with multiple interaural electrode pairs transmitting consistent ITD information. ITD thresholds for unmodulated, 100-pulse-per-second pulse trains were measured in seven bilateral CI listeners using research interfaces. Consistent ITDs were presented at either one or two electrode pairs at different current levels, allowing for comparisons at either constant level per component electrode or equal overall loudness. Different tonotopic distances between the pairs were tested in order to clarify the potential influence of channel interaction. Comparison of ITD thresholds between double pairs and the respective single pairs revealed systematic effects of tonotopic separation and current level. At constant levels, performance with double-pair stimulation improved compared with single-pair stimulation but only for large tonotopic separation. Comparisons at equal overall loudness revealed no benefit from presenting ITD information at two electrode pairs for any tonotopic spacing. Irrespective of electrode-pair configuration, ITD sensitivity improved with increasing current level. Hence, the improved ITD sensitivity for double pairs found for a large tonotopic separation and constant current levels seems to be due to increased loudness. The overall data suggest that CI listeners can benefit from combining consistent ITD information across multiple electrodes, provided sufficient stimulus levels and that stimulating electrode pairs are widely spaced.