Relationship between plasma apelin level and coronary collateral circulation

Objective

Coronary collaterals play a crucial role during an acute ischemic attack. Angiogenesis has an important role in the formation of coronary collateral vessels. Previously, it was shown that apelin is a potential angiogenetic factor. Thus, we aimed to investigate relationship between plasma apelin levels and coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable coronary artery disease.

Methods

Among patients who underwent coronary angiography with stable angina pectoris, patients with a stenosis of ≥90% were included in our study. Collateral degree was graded according to Rentrop–Cohen classification. Patients with grade 2 or 3 collateral degree were included in good collateral group and patients with grade 0 or 1 collateral degree were included in poor collateral group.

Results

Plasma apelin level was significantly higher in good collateral group (0.69 ± 0.2 vs 0.59 ± 0.2 ng/dl, p < 0.001). Serum nitric oxide levels were similar between two groups. In multivariate regression analysis apelin [6.95 (1.46–33.15), p = 0.015] and presence of total occlusion [4.40 (1.04–18.62), p = 0.044] remained as independent predictors for good coronary collateral development.

Conclusions

Higher plasma apelin level was related to better coronary collateral development. Demonstration of favorable affects of apelin on good collateral development may lead to consider apelin in antiischemic treatment strategies in order to increase collateral development.     

Collateral lessons from recent acute ischemic stroke trials

Abstract

Numerous acute ischemic stroke trials have recently published detailed results, providing an opportunity to consider the role of collaterals in stroke pathophysiology and their influential effect on patient outcomes. Safety and Efficacy of NeuroFlo Technology in Ischemic Stroke (SENTIS), the largest randomized controlled trial of device therapy to date, tested the potential augmentation of collateral perfusion. SYNTHESIS Expansion, Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy (MR RESCUE), and Interventional Management of Stroke (IMS) III chronicled the saga of endovascular therapy trialed against medical treatment for acute ischemic stroke. These recent randomized studies, however, largely neglect current device technology available for endovascular therapy as advanced by the TREVO2 and SOLITAIRE?^TM FR With the Intention For Thrombectomy (SWIFT) studies. Such exhaustive efforts in recent trials have failed to introduce a new treatment for stroke that unequivocally improves patient outcomes. Collateral perfusion is widely recognized to vary across individuals in any population and exerts a dramatic effect on baseline variables including the time course of ischemic injury, stroke severity, imaging findings, and therapeutic opportunities. Similarly, collaterals have been recognized to influence recanalization, reperfusion, hemorrhagic transformation, and subsequent neurological outcomes after stroke. Collateral lessons may be gleaned from these trials, to expand consideration of overall study results and perhaps most importantly, alter ongoing and new trials in development. Detailed analyses of available information on collaterals from these trials demonstrate that collaterals may be more influential than the choice of treatment modality or intervention.     

慢性Leriche综合征侧支动脉开放类型的CT分析

目的分析慢性主髂动脉闭塞(Leriche综合征)的CT表现,总结该病侧支动脉开放类型,提高对慢性Leriche综合征的认识。方法回顾性收集本院2016年1月~2018年9月确诊为慢性Leriche综合征患者36例。36例患者治疗前均行主动脉CTA检查。24例行主动脉-股动脉人工血管旁路移植术和6例行介入治疗(球囊扩张和/或支架成形术);6例行内科治疗。结果36例主髂动脉CTA均表现为腹主动脉-髂总动脉分叉闭塞,根据闭塞近心端(上端)位置分3型:(1)近肾动脉旁型16例;(2)肠系膜下动脉上型8例;(3)肠系膜下动脉下型12例。全部病例闭塞或次全闭塞远心端(下端)达单侧或双侧髂内、外动脉水平。36例慢性Leriche综合征侧支动脉开放类型有5种:(1)A型(Winslow通路,出现率100%,36/36),开放侧支为双侧腹壁上动脉,通过胸廓内动脉与腹壁下动脉吻合,连接于髂外动脉。(2)B型(出现率92%,33/36):开放侧支为双侧下肋间动脉、肋下动脉/腰动脉,通过旋髂深动脉连接髂外动脉或股动脉。(3)C型(出现率50%,18/36):开放侧支为肠系膜上动脉分支(中结肠动脉),通过Riolan弓连接肠系膜下动脉或其分支直肠上动脉。(4)D型(出现率36%,13/36):开放侧支为双侧或单侧肋下动脉,通过髂腰动脉连接髂内动脉。(5)E型(出现率53%,19/36):开放侧支为直肠上动脉,通过骶动脉丛/直肠下动脉连接髂内动脉。A型和B型侧支动脉的开放可提供下腹壁和下肢动脉的血供。C型出现于闭塞近端位于肠系膜下动脉以上的患者,以代偿肠系膜下动脉供血区的血运。D型和E型为少见类型。结论慢性Leriche综合征患者的侧支动脉开放有多种类型,侧支动脉开放与主髂动脉闭塞范围相关。正确识别和描述侧支动脉有助于为临床提供更全面的诊断信息。     

CRISPR/Cas系统在分子检测中的应用

近年来,成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列/成簇规律短回文重复序列相关蛋白(CRISPR/Cas)系统凭借其简单、高效的基因编辑能力,已被广泛应用于生物、医学等多个研究领域。随着CRISPR技术的快速发展,CRISPR/Cas系统已被开发为一种快速、便携、低成本、高灵敏度的分子检测工具,在病原体检测、耐药性分析、单核苷酸多态性(SNP)分型、肿瘤基因突变检测等方面取得重大突破。文章就不同Cas蛋白在分子检测中的最新研究进展进行综述,并对其应用前景进行展望,以期为从事相关领域的科研工作者提供参考与帮助。     

近端指间关节侧副韧带断裂二种手术治疗方法的效果比效

目的:比较韧带修复手术及韧带重建手术对近端指间关节侧副韧带损伤的治疗效果。方法:2003年~2006年对50例(58指)侧副韧带损伤随机分组,用以上两种手术方法分别治疗27指及31指。结果:经随诊1~3d,按Saetta等标准判定疗效,侧副韧带修复组27指,优良率66.7%,侧副韧带重建组31指,优良率93.5%,经卡方检验,有显著性养异(χ2=10.45,P<0.05)。结论:近端指间关节侧副韧带损伤韧带重建术优于韧带修复术。     

足厥阴经与消渴

纵向考寻有关文献,足厥阴经的病候在早期与消渴病相关。如马王堆医帛书记载的“多溺、嗜饮”“热中”,这种相关性在《内经》中已淡化,而《内经》之后又复显现,《伤寒论》《甲乙经》《千金要方》皆有论治,说明古脉书总结的经脉主病有深厚的临床基础与深远的影响,值得深入研究。     

重症脑梗死血流灌注及侧支循环状态分析

目的利用功能磁共振及经颅多普勒超声评价急性重症脑梗死的血流灌注及侧支循环状态。方法选择首次发病的急性重症脑梗死患者10例,在4d内做PWI、DWI、MRA、MRI及TCD检查,同时进行美国国立卫生院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分及Glasgow昏迷评分,记录死亡者。功能磁共振结果采用Stroketool(v1·6)软件包进行处理。结果90%的患者显示患侧局部脑血流量(rCBF)和局部脑血容量(rCBV)呈明显下降,较对侧脑组织分别降低64·1%和49·7%,两侧比较差别有显著性意义(t=-4·174,P=0·001;t=-2·835,P=0·011);而健侧脑组织也处于相对缺血状态,较同侧小脑组织rCBF减少41·4%,rCBV减少33·0%,但差别无显著性意义(P>0·05)。本组MRA及TCD结果分析:患者患侧大血管(颈内动脉或大脑中动脉)闭塞者占100%,同时合并对侧狭窄或闭塞者占70%,患者均存在着多发而广泛的不同程度的血管狭窄。结论首次发病即表现为重症脑梗死的患者有血管病变基础;对于急性脑缺血发作的患者应同时进行影像学、血管形态学及血流动力学检查,以便有针对性地进行治疗及判断预后。     

老年人韧带损伤致关节功能障碍的康复疗效分析

目的 探索老年入踝、膝、肘关节韧带损伤致功能障碍的康复治疗效果。方法 用分米波疗法、音频电疗法和运动疗法对124例患者进行康复治疗。用触压痛、活动痛、日常活动受限程度和关节活动度进行康复评定。结果 110例患者完成了康复治疗。损伤关节韧带的触压痛和关节活动或行走时疼痛程度明显减轻（P〈0．01），损伤关节的日常活动功能明显得到改善（P〈0．01），患者的踝、膝、肘关节的关节活动度也明显改善（P〈0．001）。结论 分米波疗法、音频电疗法和运动疗法的综合康复治疗方法，能显著地减轻关节周围韧带损伤引起的疼痛症状，并能有效地恢复受损关节及敦组织的活动功能。