切开复位微型钢板内固定治疗尾骨骨折脱位

目的:评价治疗尾骨骨折脱位的手术方法及疗效。方法:选择2002年5月至2010年3月治疗的尾骨骨折脱位患者56例,按手术与否分为手术组和手法组。其中手术组27例,男7例,女20例,平均年龄(48.1±0.6)岁(29～62岁),采用手术切开复位微型钢板内固定治疗;手法组29例,男8例,女21例,平均年龄(47.5±0.9)岁(19～54岁),采用非手术治疗。两组患者治疗前均对其进行X线检查,确诊为尾骨骨折脱位。对治疗前后的临床症状和视觉模拟评分(VAS)进行统计学分析。结果:两组患者在性别、年龄、BMI及VAS评分差异无统计学意义,具有可比性。术后56例患者均获得随访,随访时间12～25个月,平均17.2个月。手术组Ⅰ/甲切口为26例,Ⅱ/甲切口为1例;临床症状在出院时的显效率为92.6%,末次随访时的显效率为100%;VAS评分的改善率为97.6%,改善率评定为优;经手术治疗的27例患者术后1～2年取出内固定,无任何不适症状,VAS评分均为0分。手法组29例患者,临床症状在出院时的显效率为72.4%,末次随访时的显效率为82.8%。VAS评分的改善率72.1%,改善率评定为良。两组间的临床结果差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:尾骨骨折脱位应及时治疗,对于手法复位失败、复位后X线显示不稳定和直肠刺激症状较重的患者,应积极采取切开复位微型钢板内固定治疗,可以取得比较满意的效果。     

骶尾骨正常变异的影像学分析

目的:观察骶尾骨在X线片上的各种表现形态,以期对正常解剖变异有所了解。方法:对120例无骶尾部损伤患者拍摄骶尾骨X线片,由有读片经验的骨科和放射科医师观片,分析其不同的形态变化。结果:骶尾骨有4种不同的形态变异,分别为均匀弯曲型、骶骨成角型、尾骨成角型、尾骨脱位型。结论:正常骶尾骨在X线片上形态有不同变异,在临床上对骶尾骨骨折脱位的患者诊断时,应注意区分是正常变异还是骨折脱位。     

Intercoccygeal angle and type of coccyx in asymptomatic patients

PURPOSE: To assess the intercoccygeal angle of asymptomatic patients (without coccydynia), to study if there is a difference of angle between types of coccyx and between genders with the same type of coccyx. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety-two patients (42 females, 50 males, range of ages 8-86, mean 50) who underwent computed tomography (CT) angiography and colonoscopy were included in the study. CT images with slice thickness of 1 or 1.5 mm were evaluated with 3D sagittal reformats and intercoccygeal angle, type of coccyx were examined. RESULTS: Twenty-one females and 18 males had type 1 coccyx with mean intercoccygeal angle 36.4 degrees +/- 10.56 (33.29 degrees for females and 40.05 degrees for males) and the difference of the angles between genders is statistically significant (P = 0.044). Among 36 patients (14 were females and 22 were males) with type 2 coccyx demonstrated mean intercoccygeal angle of 56.36 degrees +/- 10.8. 15 patients were shown to have type 3 coccyx and the mean intercoccygeal angle was 72.1 degrees +/- 31.86. No significant difference of angles was seen between genders. Type 4 coccyx was not seen and two coccyx could not be classified. There was a significant difference of intercoccygeal angle between the groups overall. CONCLUSION: Type 1 is the most common coccyx type in asymptomatic patients. Significant difference of intercoccygeal angle was defined between the types of coccyx. These values may be reference for the patients underwent surgery for the coccydynia and a new classification may be needed since exceptional shape of coccyx exists that could not be defined according to the known classification.     

Two Cases of Coccygeal Polypoid Eccrine Nevi Presenting as Skin Tags

An eccrine nevus is a rare hamartoma characterized by an increase in the number or size of eccrine glands. Eccrine nevi usually present as localized hyperhidrosis and are not associated with overlying skin abnormalities. However, among the cases that have been reported in the literature, some unique presentations of eccrine nevi have been demonstrated, including a pigmented patch, a depressed nodule, linear papules, and a sacral skin tag. Herein, we report two unusual cases of coccygeal polypoid eccrine nevi and review the literature.     

人体骶尾骨的动脉供应——骨外部分

本实验用解剖、透明、X线摄片和腐蚀铸型等方法研究了56例不同年龄新鲜尸体的骶尾骨骨外动脉的配布。骶骨的动脉供应主要来自骶外侧动脉、骶中动脉、髂腰动脉和腰最下动脉。骶中动脉、骶外侧动脉及其分支在骶骨腹侧面相互吻合形成骶前格子状动脉吻合网。椎管前支在椎间孔内侧分为升降二支,相邻升降支间在椎体背面相互吻合,两侧升降支间呈横形吻合。在骶椎椎体背侧形成菱形的骶管腹侧动脉网。椎管后支在椎板腹侧面亦分为升降二支,同侧及两侧升降支间在椎板腹侧形成梯状的骶管背侧吻合网。骶外侧动脉的背侧支出骶后孔即分为内侧支、肌支和外侧支。内侧支在骶中嵴两侧分为上下二支,相邻上下支之间形成骶中嵴动脉网。外侧支在骶骨外侧部分为升降二支,亦形成吻合。尾骨腹侧面的动脉来自骶中动脉和骶外侧动脉,背侧面主要由骶外侧动脉的终支供应。尾骨表面的动脉吻合稀少。     

Management of coccydynia in the absence of X-ray evidence: Case report

Background and importanceCoccydynia is a rare pain syndrome due to trauma to the coccyx that is diagnosed through history, physical, and sitting/standing lateral plain film radiographs. Coccydynia is typically managed conservatively with specialized cushions, NSAIDS, and physical therapy. In cases refractory to nonsurgical management, coccygectomy has a high success rate for pain reduction.Clinical presentationOur patient had coccygeal pain for three years and endorsed a mobile fragment that was not highlighted on plain film radiographs. After evaluation with MRI and CT, a coccygeal source of their pain was highlighted and partial coccygectomy was performed.ConclusionPost-operatively, patient endorsed major improvement in her pain at follow up. In a case of suspected coccydynia where initial imaging is inconclusive but clinical suspicion is very high, higher level imaging such as MRI or CT can reveal radiographic findings of coccydynia. MRI and CT can play a role in the diagnosis and treatment of coccydynia in the absence of x-ray evidence.