Diagnostic sensitivity of electrophysiology and ultrasonography in ulnar neuropathies of different severity

ObjectiveTo assess the diagnostic performance of electrophysiology and nerve ultrasound in ulnar neuropathies of varying clinical severity in 135 consecutive patients.MethodsClinical severity of ulnar neuropathy was graded on a 4 point scale from very mild (symptoms only) to severe (marked atrophy of intrinsic hand muscles). Sensitivity and localization ability of electrophysiology and nerve ultrasound were assessed for each point of the scale.ResultsUltrasound had higher sensitivity than electrophysiology in clinically very mild (20% and 3% for ultrasound and electrophysiology, respectively) and mild (62% and 47% for ultrasound and electrophysiology, respectively) neuropathies, had greater localizing ability in axonal ulnar neuropathies, and identified nerve hypermobility.Ultrasound nerve cross-sectional area had strong positive correlation with both clinical and electrophysiological severity scores, but with significant overlap across the severity groups.ConclusionThe diagnostic work-up of ulnar neuropathies was improved by using both electrophysiology and ultrasound at all levels of clinical severity. Ultrasound increased the diagnostic yield in very mild and mild neuropathies, localized all the ulnar neuropathies with abnormal non-localizing electrophysiology and identified nerve hypermobility.SignificanceThis is the first detailed analysis of the diagnostic performance of electrophysiology and ultrasound in ulnar neuropathies of varying severity.     

鼻咽部神经内分泌癌的病理特征和临床分析

目的 探讨鼻咽部神经内分泌癌（neuroendocrine carcinoma，NEC）的临床病理特征、免疫组化特点、治疗方法及预后。方法 回顾性分析12例NEC患者的临床和病理资料，并复习相关文献。 结果 12例患者中，男性10例，女性2例，平均年龄49.4岁，病理类型均为小细胞型NEC。光镜下可见较小瘤细胞，呈圆形、卵圆形和梭形，核深染，胞浆少，核浆比例高，伴有较明显的病理性核分裂象，染色质细腻。免疫表型：CgA、Syn、CD56和EBERs阳性或部分阳性者分别有6例、10例、9例和3例。临床分期Ⅰ期1例，Ⅱ期1例，Ⅲ期4例，Ⅳ期5例，分期不详1例。所有患者均接受放疗和（或）化疗，至随访结束存活者9例，死亡3例。结论 鼻咽部神经内分泌癌临床上较少见，好发于中老年男性，病理类型以小细胞型为主，易出现颈部淋巴转移，就诊时大部分已处中晚期，治疗以放化疗为主。     

针刀配合针灸治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效观察

目的:分析针刀与针灸配合应用于腰椎间盘突出症患者中的临床治疗效果。方法:在我院针灸康复科2017年12月-2018年12月治疗的腰椎间盘突出症患者中选取64例,并严格按照系统随机分配原则分为对照组和观察组,各32例。其中对照组采用针灸进行治疗,观察组采用针刀与针灸配合治疗,观察对比两组患者治疗后临床效果和治疗前后运动功能评分(Fugl-Meyer)、腰椎日本骨科学会(Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA)评分、视觉模拟评分法(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)评分以及临床症状改善情况。结果:两组患者治疗前Fugl-Meyer、VAS、JOA评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),治疗后对照组VAS评分高于观察组,Fugl-Meyer、JOA评分低于观察组,且对照组总有效率低于观察组,对照组腰骶疼痛评分和腿疼痛评分均低于观察组,直腿抬高度高于观察组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:予以腰椎间盘突出症患者针刀与针灸配合治疗效果显著,效果优于单一使用针灸治疗,可有效缓解患者疼痛感,改善临床症状,值得推广。     

直视医学临床见习难——浅析面临困境及其对策

随着社会发展、医学模式的转变，医疗改革和学校扩招政策的实施，传统的临床见习教学遇到了前所未有的冲击与困惑。本文根据临床见习现状进行分析，力求找到最佳的解决方法。     

痛经的临床因素分析

目的:痛经的发病率逐年增高,重新分析痛经患者的临床因素,提出新的认识。方法:将1 158例痛经患者的临床资料及超声检查结果进行统计学分析。结果:人工流产史与痛经的发生有密切相关性(P<0.001)。结论:人工流产手术是引起痛经的主要原因。该手术所产生的副作用可对女性生理健康造成严重伤害,必须引起全社会的高度关注。     

米索前列醇预防剖宫产后出血344例临床观察

目的:观察米索前列醇预防剖宫产手术后出血的临床效果。方法:随机将有剖宫产手术指征的344例孕妇分为3组,分别为在胎儿娩出后给予米索前列醇200mg舌下含化(A组)、缩宫素静脉滴注及子宫肌层注射(B组)和对照组(C组,不给予任何药物),观察产后不同时间的出血量。结果:产后出血量及出血发生率A、B组均明显少于C组(P<0·05)。结论:米索前列醇对分娩后子宫具有较好的收缩作用,且给药方便、安全性较好。     

脉冲微波治疗前列腺炎的临床疗效观察

目的探讨脉冲微波治疗前列腺炎的效果。方法收治前列腺炎病人532例。用南京亿高ECO—100型电脑微波前列腺炎治疗仪,经肛门途径发射脉冲微波,前列腺部位温度控制在41℃~42℃,每次持续45~60min,共七次。以显效、有效为判断疗效标准。结果17~25岁组显效47.93%,有效52.07%,26~45岁组显效52.06%,有效47.94%,两组有效率100%。结论脉冲微波经肛门途径治疗前列腺炎效果明显,有推广价值。     

肠道间质瘤10例临床分析

目的:探讨肠道间质瘤的临床表现、病理类型、诊断及治疗措施。方法:回顾性总结长海医院1991年至2001年经手术治疗并经病理证实了的10例病例。结果:主要表现为:阵发性腹痛、腹胀、消化不良、便血、腹部或直肠包块。病理类型:良性间质瘤2例、恶性间质瘤8例。结论:肠道间质瘤表现无特殊性、易误诊,内镜和X线钡灌肠检查是术前常用的方法,腹部核素扫描、超长型电子小肠镜可提高诊断率。治疗上应采取以手术为主的综合治疗。     

烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形综合治疗的临床研究

目的通过比较手术结合康复综合治疗方案与常规治疗方案对烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形的治疗效果,探讨综合治疗的优越性及经验。方法1999年6月~2004年6月,共56例烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形患者纳入试验。综合治疗组(A组)28例,男20例,女8例;年龄14~47岁,平均31岁;患手共47只129指,以手术结合系统康复治疗。常规治疗组(B组)28例,男17例,女11例;年龄18~51岁,平均30岁;患手共42只107指,采用常规手术,术后仅作简单的康复性锻炼指导,由患者在院外自己完成功能锻炼。采用Swanson法对患指运动功能进行评定,九孔柱试验法对患手整体运动功能进行评定,比较两组患者治疗前后手指和手整体运动功能的差异。结果A组患者术后均获随访12~19个月,B组患者均获随访13~20个月。治疗前A组患指的强直失能指数(indexofankylosis,IA)值为82%±20%,B组为78%±17%;治疗后A组为45%±13%,B组为52%±14%;治疗前后A组IA差值为37%±15%,B组为26%±15%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前A组九孔柱测量值28.34±5.62s,B组为27.47±5.78s;治疗后A组为20.73±4.25s,B组为21.86±4.12s;治疗前后A组九孔柱测量差值为7.61±2.27s,B组为5.61±2.94s,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论烧伤后手指瘢痕挛缩畸形采用手术结合康复综合治疗的效果明显优于常规治疗,值得推广。     

Islet Xenotransplantation: Are We Really Ready for Clinical Trials?

Four clinical trials of porcine islet transplantation have been reported, and there are verbal reports that clinical trials on much larger scales are continuing in centers in China and Russia. The four reported trials are briefly reviewed and, in the light of the present status of experimental islet xenotransplantation, consideration is given to whether such trials are currently justified. The Ethics Committee of the International Xenotransplantation Association has (1) emphasized the need for encouraging studies in non-human primates before clinical trials should be undertaken, (2) mandatory monitoring for the transfer of porcine microorganisms, and (3) careful regulation and oversight by recognized bodies. Other aspects of the topic, such as the need for informed consent, are briefly discussed. We conclude that, at the present time, more data documenting convincing efficacy, focused on clinically applicable immunosuppressive regimens, are needed to justify the initiation of closely monitored clinical trials. A clinical trial may then be justified even though the potential risk to the patients, and possibly for society, will not be zero.