血管性痴呆皮肤基底细胞微管的体视学定量研究

目的: 研究血管性痴呆(VD)皮肤基底细胞微管的生物学诊断意义。方法: 使用体视学方法对VD和正常健康老年人皮肤基底细胞微管进行测量, 用图象分析仪进行定量分析。结果: VD组的Vv=2.1926±1.1749、Lv=4.4531±2.4053、Na=2.2356±1.1980, 分别非常显著地高于正常老年组的Vv=1.3515±0.5376、Lv=2.7561±1.0963、Na=1.3781±0.5481; P<0.01。结论: 本研究提示VD患者基底细胞微管定量分析, 有可能为VD诊断提供一种非神经系统的生物学诊断指标。     

三氧化二砷抑制体外培养小鼠气道成纤维细胞增殖及c-myc与c-sis表达

目的：探讨三氧化二砷 (As2O3))对体外培养的小鼠气道成纤维细胞 (FB)增殖及原癌基因c-myc与c-sis表达的影响。 方法： 按不同药物分7组，在体外培养的FB中分别加入浓度为0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0 μmol/L的As2O3，在1、3、5和7 d后用记数法观察FB生长情况，并用流式细胞仪（FCM）检测不同浓度药物 对各组FB增殖的影响及各组c-myc与c-sis的阳性表达率。 结果： 各种实验浓度的As2O3对FB均有抑制作用，并有时间剂量效应。流式细胞仪分析显示，随着浓度的增高，G1期细胞比例逐渐增高，G2/M期细胞比例降低，浓度为2.0和4.0 μmol/L的As2O3能显著抑制c-myc与c-sis的表达。 结论： As2O3能抑制FB的增生，其机理可能与其下调c-myc与c-sis的表达有关。     

The instability of membrane markers expressed by human monocytes and macrophages in culture

Surface markers were tested on freshly isolated human monocytes and following their in vitro maturation to macrophages. The markers tested were HLA-DR antigens, receptors for the Fc of IgG and complement as well as membrane markers defined by monoclonal antibodies. The results revealed a dynamic expression of some of the markers on monocytes which was influenced by several variables. The expression of the markers was modulated by the presence of different sera, by treatment with lymphokines and interferon and following the in vitro maturation of monocytes to macrophages. The most unstable marker was found to be the HLA-DR, which was modulated by all these variables. The 63D3 was affected by different sera and culture supernatant, as well as following the maturation of monocytes to macrophages, but not by lymphokines and interferon. One of the markers, the Mac 120, was found to be relatively stable and did not change significantly following the maturation of monocytes to macrophages. The Fc and complement receptors were also stable in their expression under these conditions, but were probably partially blocked in the presence of human serum. These results indicated that at least some of the heterogeneity related to the monocyte population was probably not due to the occurrence of stable subsets of cells, but rather to reversible changes in marker expression.     

Intrarenal distribution of125I-polyvinyl pyrrolidone and51Cr-labelled red cells in hydropenic and polyuric rabbits

Summary The intrarenal volumes of distribution of¹²⁵I-polyvinyl pyrrolidone and⁵¹Cr-labelled red cells have been examined in rabbits under conditions of severe hydropenia and starvation-induced polyuria, and in rabbits under control conditions. The PVP space was significantly reduced, and the ratio [red cell space]:[red cell space + PVP space] significantly elevated, in the outer cortex of kidneys of hydropenic rabbits, and in the papilla of polyuric rabbits. It is suggested that the former may in some manner result from a reduction in the total cortical vascular space, whereas the latter reflects variations of medullary and appillary interstitial tonicity under these conditions.     

骨髓间充质干细胞分化为血管内皮细胞的实验研究

目的 :探讨骨髓间充质干细胞 (MSCs)自体移植后在扩张型心肌病(DCM)微环境中分化为血管内皮细胞的可行性。方法 :以日本大耳白兔为研究对象 ,分离培养扩增MSCs,盐酸阿霉素耳缘静脉注射复制兔DCM模型 ,将 5溴脱氧尿嘧啶 (BrdU)标记的MSCs移植到DCM心肌内 ,4周后观察移植细胞的增殖分化情况。结果 :细胞移植 4周后 ,实验组心肌内有BrdU标记的阳性细胞 ,有一部分参与组成新生血管 ,对照组中没有发现 ,且实验组毛细血管密度大于对照组 ,差异具有显著性 (P<0 .0 1)。结论 :MSCs自体移植到扩张型心肌病后可以分化为血管内皮细胞。     

Cytocompatibility of Three Corneal Cell Types with Amniotic Membrane

Rabbit limbal corneal epithelial cells, corneal endothelial cells and keratocytes were cultured on amniotic membrane. Phase contrast microscope examination was performed daily. Histological and scan electron microscopic examinations were carried out to observe the growth, arrangement and adhesion of cultivated cells. Results showed that three corneal cell types seeded on amniotic membrane grew well and had normal cell morphology. Cultured cells attached firmly on the surface of amniotic membrane. Corneal epithelial cells showed singular layer or stratification. Cell boundaries were formed and tightly opposed. Corneal endothelial cells showed cobblestone or polygonal morphologic characteristics that appeared uniform in size. The cellular arrangement was compact. Keratocytes elongated and showed triangle or dendritic morphology with many intercellular joints which could form networks. In conclusion, amniotic membrane has good scaffold property, diffusion effect and compatibility with corneal cells. The basement membrane side of amniotic membrane facilitated the growth of corneal epithelial cells and endothelial cells and cell junctions were tightly developed. The spongy layer of amniotic membrane facilitated the growth of keratocytes and intercellular joints were rich. Amniotic membrane is an ideal biomaterial for layering tissue engineered cornea.     

Colocalization of glutamate and glycine in bipolar cell terminals of the human retina

Human retinae from surgical specimens rapidly fixed in a glutaraldehyde/formaldehyde mixture were subjected to postembedding, immunogold immunocytochemistry of glutamate and glycine, and subsequently analysed in an electron microscope. The two amino acids were visualised in the same tissue sections by the use of two different gold particle sizes. All bipolar cell perikarya and terminals showed significant glutamate labelling with mean gold particle densities 3–4 times higher than those of the retinal, non-neural pigment epithelial and Müller cells. Bipolar cell terminals displayed significantly higher glutamate labelling density than the bipolar cell bodies, as would be expected of glutamatergic neurons. A subpopulation of the glutamate-immunolabelled bipolar cell bodies (18%) and terminals (32%) also exhibited strong glycine labelling (7–8 times that of pigment epithelial and Müller cells). These glutamate-glycine positive terminals established contacts with amacrine cell processes and ganglion cell dendrites and were localised almost exclusively at between 44% and 88% depth of the inner plexiform layer, indicating that they belong to the ON cone bipolar system. This subpopulation of terminals was endowed with significantly higher glycine labelling density than the glycine positive bipolar cell bodies. These results show that human bipolar cell terminals colocalise glutamate and glycine and provide the first direct demonstration of an enrichment of these two amino acids in the same presynaptic element.     

金属硫蛋白抑制同型半胱氨酸诱导的大鼠血管平滑肌细胞增殖

目的:研究金属硫蛋白(MT)对同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)诱导大鼠血管平滑肌细胞(vascularsmoothmusclecells,VSMCs)增殖的影响及其作用机制。方法:以[³H]-TdR掺入法测定VSMCs增殖程度,免疫沉淀法测定VSMCs内丝裂素活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)活性,[¹⁰⁹Cd]-血红蛋白饱和法测定MT含量,硫代巴比妥酸法测定丙二醛(MDA)含量,NADH氧化法测定乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)漏出量。结果:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4mmol/L)呈浓度依赖性的刺激培养大鼠VSMCs[³H]-TdR掺入,0.1mmol/LHcy刺激[³H]-TdR掺入比对照组高4.2倍(P＜0.01)。Hcy亦呈浓度依赖性地激活VSMCsMAPK活性、增加细胞MDA的生成和LDH的漏出(P均<0.01)。单独MT孵育,对VSMCs的上述指标均无明显影响(P＞0.05)。但MT(10^-6-10^-4mol/L)呈浓度依赖性抑制100μmol/LHcy的促增殖效应(r=0.98,P＜0.01)。MT显著抑制Hcy对VSMCs的MAPK活性、MDA生成和LDH漏出的激活作用(均P＜0.01)。以0.5mmol/LZnCl₂预孵育6h后,VSMCsMT含量比非诱导细胞高5.7倍(P＜0.01),这种内源性MT高表达的细胞,显著抵抗Hcy刺激的-TdR掺入和MAPK激活;抑制Hcy的促细胞MDA生成与LDH漏出效应(均P＜0.01)。结论:MT能有效抑制Hcy促大鼠VMSCs增殖作用,其机制可能与MT拮抗Hcy对MAPK的激活和其抗氧化作用有关。     

肿瘤坏死因子与肾小球系膜细胞的关系

目的研究肾小球系膜细胞的肿瘤坏死因子的自分泌功能,肿瘤坏死因子对肾小球系膜细胞作用的机制。方法利用体外培养的人和大鼠的肾小球系膜细胞,通过逆转录－多聚酶链反应、原位杂交和免疫组化方法,探讨它们之间的关系。结果肾小球系膜细胞既可产生肿瘤坏死因子,又有肿瘤坏死因子受体。结论肾小球系膜细胞是肿瘤坏死因子作用的靶细胞,肿瘤坏死因子通过旁分泌和自分泌两种途径作用于肾小球系膜细胞。     

缺氧对兔胸主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的: 观察缺氧对培养的兔胸主动脉平滑肌细胞增殖的影响及其可能的机制。方法: 采用析因实验设计, 测定在正常或缺氧环境下, 不同浓度的胎牛血清对培养的血管平滑肌细胞数量、[³H]-TdR掺入量、MTT比色以及细胞cGMP水平的影响; 透射电镜观察细胞超微结构。结果: 缺氧组平滑肌细胞的数量、[³H]-TdR掺入量以及MTT比色显著多于常氧组(P<0.01); 电镜下可见缺氧组较正常组细胞器发达, 可见大量分泌胞, 少量髓样变线粒体; 缺氧组平滑肌细胞内的cGMP浓度明显高于常氧组。结论: 缺氧可促进血管平滑肌细胞DNA合成, 促进细胞增殖, 可能与提高细胞内的cGMP水平有关。