Spinocath导管针用于老年病人连续腰麻及术后镇痛的临床效果

目的 评价 Spinocath导管针用于老年病人连续腰麻及术后镇痛的临床效果。方法选择行前列腺电切术的老年病人60例,年龄 60～80岁,ASAI～Ⅱ级,随机分为两组,每组 30例。Ⅰ组连续腰麻组;Ⅱ组连续硬膜外组。两组都选择L2-3或L3-4做穿刺点。I组插入24G Spinocath导管针,两组局麻药均为0 5％布比卡因。I组负荷剂量为1.5～2.5ml,Ⅱ组负荷剂量为8—13ml,手术时间如超过2h,再注入l/3负荷剂量。两组术后都接微量输液泵进行术后镇痛,镇痛药液均为0.125％布比卡因+0.0006％芬太尼,I组负荷量为0、5ml,背景剂量为0.5ml/h,PCA单次注药0.5ml,锁定时间为8min。Ⅱ组负荷量为2ml,背景剂量为2ml/h,PCA剂量为2ml,锁定时间为15min。两组术后镇痛时间均为50h。观察术中阻滞感觉神经的时间,平面扩散范围,运动神经阻滞程度（改良Bromage评分,MBS）、血压及心率下降程度,术中辅助用镇痛镇静药情况,术后镇痛VAS评分及副作用发生情况。结果 与Ⅱ相比,I组阻滞感觉神经显效时间明显缩短,MBS评分明显升高（P<0.01）。给药后5min血压的下降程度明显降低（P<0.05）;病人辅助用芬氟合剂量明显减少（P<0.01）;VAS评分显著降低;恶心、呕吐、腰背痛的发生率明显降低（P<0.01）,而头痛发生率无明显差别。结论Spinocath导管针用于老年病人连续腰     

用Amplatzer导管封堵器介入闭合先天性膜周部室间隔缺损

目的 研究Amplatzer导管封堵器(ADO)介入闭合先天性膜周部室间隔缺损(VSD)的可行性、安全性和有效性，确定其适应证和并发症。方法 2001年5月至2002年12月，经导管闭合先天性膜周部VSD4l例，VSD直径4～12．8(平均6．0)mm，其上缘距离主动脉右冠瓣4．5～12(平均6．6)mm。心导管资料示QP／QS 1．4～2，6(平均1．7)，肺动脉收缩压19～34(平均25)mmHg。4l例膜周部VSD中，18例伴有膜部膨出瘤。结果 4l例VSD均顺利闭合成功，选用的ADO尺寸为6／4～16／14mm。术后心脏杂音立即消失，选择性左心室造影及经胸超声心动图均无明显残余分流。胸片示肺血管影较术前减少。心电图有12例出现不完全性右束支传导阻滞，l例出现完全性左束支传导阻滞．均在l～2周内自行消失。随访2～21个月，临床及实验室资料进一步改善，未见ADO移位、主动脉瓣或三尖瓣返流及其他并发症。结论 用ADO介入闭合先天性膜周部VSD是完全可行的，而且具有操作简便、安全高效、并发症少和费用较低等优点。     

Complications after transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus

To evaluate the short- and mid-term results and complications ensuing the transcatheter closure of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Between October 1999 and December 2005, 117 patients (34 males and 83 females) underwent attempted percutaneous closure of PDA with a minimum diameter of more than 3 mm. Follow-up evaluations were conducted at 1 day and 1, 3, 6, 12 months after the performance of the transcatheter closure. The median age of patients at catheterization was 11 yr (range, 0.6 to 68 yr), median weight was 30 kg (range, 6 to 74 kg), and the median diameter of PDA was 4 mm (range, 3 to 8 mm). This procedure was conducted successfully in 114 patients (97.4%), using different devices. Major complications were detected in 4 patients (3.4%); significant hemolysis (2), infective endocarditis (1), failed procedure due to embolization (1). Minor complications occurred in 6 patients (5.1%); mild narrowing of the descending aorta (2) and mild encroachment on the origin of the left pulmonary artery (4). Although the transcatheter closure of PDA may be considered to be effective, several complications, including hemolysis, embolization, infective endocarditis, and the narrowing of adjacent vessels may occur in certain cases.     

Risk factors for central venous catheter-related infections in pediatric intensive care

OBJECTIVES: To identify risk factors for short-term percutaneously inserted central venous catheter-related infections in children and to evaluate the accuracy of a mortality score in predicting the risk of infection. METHOD: After reviewing the charts of patients who developed catheter-related infection in a university hospital's pediatric intensive care unit, we conducted a case-controlled study with 51 pairs. Variables related to patients and to catheter insertion and use were analyzed. Risk factors were defined by logistic regression analysis. The accuracy of the Pediatric Risk of Mortality score to discriminate the risk for infection was tested using the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve. RESULTS: Infection was associated with respiratory failure, patient's length of stay, duration of tracheal intubation, insertion of catheter in the intensive care unit and parenteral nutrition. Insertion site (femoral or internal jugular) was unimportant. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified the following variables. Risk factors included more than one catheter placement (p=0.014) and duration of catheter use (p=0.0013), and protective factors included concomitant antibiotic use (p=0.0005) and an intermittent infusion regimen followed by heparin filling compared to continuous infusion without heparin (p=0.0002). Pediatric Risk of Mortality did not discriminate the risk of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Central parenteral nutrition and central venous catheters should be withdrawn as soon as possible. Femoral vein catheterization carries a risk of infection similar to internal jugular catheterization. The Pediatric Risk of Mortality score should not be used to predict the risk of central catheter-related infections.     

中心静脉留置导管在血液透析中的应用

目的 总结中心静脉置管(CVT)在血液透析中的应用,探讨导管合理留置时间和并发症的防治。方法 回顾性分析九年间我院血液净化中心对783例急、慢性肾衰患者,穿刺股静脉、锁骨下静脉和颈内静脉三个部位CVT共806例次,其中股静脉192,锁骨下静脉263,颈内静脉351例次。结果 导管留置时间:股静脉3～45(18.7±12.2)天;锁骨下静脉14～171(43.9±27.8)天;颈内静脉16～92(43.6± 22.1)天。CVT并发症发生率为12.7％,常见的有感染(4.7％),血流不畅(3.2％),出血(2.0％),局部血肿(1.5％),深静脉血栓形成(1.2％)。结论 血透应用CVT有快捷、方便、安全的优点,导管留置时间:锁骨下和颈内静脉无显著性差异,但比股静脉明显延长。并发症的发生率股静脉最高,其次为锁骨下和颈内静脉。     

中心静脉导管改良消毒方式及置管部位对血液透析患者导管相关性感染发生率的影响

[目的]探讨血液透析中心中心静脉导管(CVC)改良消毒方式及置管部位对血液透析患者导管相关性感染发生率的影响.[方法]选取2016年1月至2017年1月于本院接受CVC置管,并行血液透析治疗的患者200例为研究对象,按照PICC置管时消毒方式不同将其随机分为传统消毒组(A组)和改良消毒组(B组),各100例,比较两组患者导管留置时间、导管相关性感染(CRI)发生率以及不同置管部位导管局部感染率情况.[结果]B组导管留置时间(32.96±14.51)d 明显长于A组(25.38±10.19)d ,B组导管局部感染率6.00％明显低于A组17.00％(P<0.05);两组CRI发生率分别为5.00％、2.00％,比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);B组颈内静脉感染率、股静脉感染率明显低于A组(P<0.05).[结论]改良CVC消毒方式有助于延长血液透析患者导管留置时间,降低导管局部感染率,建议临床推广应用.     

定量组织速度成像与右心导管法评估肺动脉高压右心室功能的对照分析

目的 探讨定量组织速度成像（QTVI）评估肺动脉高压（PAH）右心室功能的准确性。方法 58例PAH患者入选本研究。常规超声测量右心室舒张末期面积和收缩末期面积（RVEDA，RVESA）并计算右心室面积变化率;获取入选者标准心尖部右心室流入道长轴和四腔观TVI图像，离线分析右心室4个壁三尖瓣环处组织速度曲线，测量右心室游离壁三尖瓣环处收缩期峰值速度（Sa）、舒张早期峰值速度（Ea）、舒张晚期峰值速度（Aa）;依据公式计算右心室4个壁瓣环处Tei指数，取其平均值作为右心室整体心肌做功指数。于超声心动图检查24h内对入选者行右心导管检查，测定每搏量、心输出量、每搏量指数和心脏指数。结果 两种方法测定的右心室功能参数均具有一定的相关性，其中，Tei指数与右心导管测定的右心室功能参数相关性最好，而Aa、Ea与右心导管测定的右心室功能参数呈低度相关，右心室面积变化率、Sa、Ea/Aa与右心导管测定的右心室功能参数呈中度相关。结论 QTVI技术是评估PAH患者右心室功能的可靠准确技术。     

Myocardial oxygen consumption in left ventricular hypertrophy and its relation to left ventricular mechanics

Alterations in left ventricular (LV) mechanics have significant effects on myocardial oxygen consumption (MV?O₂₂) as a result of changing LV pressure and dimensions. However, the effects of load alteration on MV?O₂₂ in the setting of LV hypertrophy and LV dysfunction have not been well characterized. Therefore, we examined changes in LV mechanics and MV?O₂₂ in 32 patients with varying degrees of LV hypertrophy and LV dysfunction before and after pharmacologic alteration of load. With phenylephrine or nitroglycerin-induced load alteration, changes in peak systolic meridional stress, mean systolic stress and the area of a stress-dimension loop all correlated modestly with changes in MV?O₂₂ (r = 0.66, 0.62, 0.63, respectively). However, changes in the time integral of LV ejection stress, or shortening load, were significantly correlated with changes in MV?O₂₂ (r = 0.88, p < 0.001). In particular, load reduction results in a beneficial effect on MV?O₂₂. In addition, for a given change in LV systolic pressure, changes in shortening load (38 + 3.7%) were significantly greater than changes in tension-time index (13 ± 1.4%), thus providing a sensitive marker of alteration of mechanical load.We conclude that physiologic alterations in mechanical load in normal persons as well as patients with LV hypertrophy are reflected in significant changes in the time integral of LV ejection stress. These changes in shortening load, mediated by changing LV pressure and dimension, are significantly related to changes in MV?O₂₂.     

介入技术清除心血管腔内异物

目的：评价经皮心血管腔内异物取出术处理多种介入诊断及治疗中异物残留并发症的临床价值,探讨不同情况下手术技术、技巧的合理运用。方法：自2002年3月～2004年11月,根据不同异物的种类、大小、残留位置、血管直径等特征,分别采用圈套器、网篮导管、异物钳、导丝自制圈套器等器械共处理介入诊断或治疗中异物残留事件的患者12例,包括各类脱落(脱载)封堵器4例(房间隔缺损封堵器2例、动脉导管未闭封堵器1例、室间隔缺损封堵器1例),各种残留的断裂导管4例(共计 9段),脱落导丝2根,其它残留物2例。所有异物取出过程均采用经皮介入方式完成。结果：12例患者心血管腔内残留异物均全部取出,并顺利完成既定诊断或介入治疗,无断片残留,无一例发生心包填塞或严重血管损伤,仅2例出现少量皮下淤血,未见其它不良反应。结论：经皮心血管腔内异物取出术能及时、有效地处理异物残留—这一介入诊断或治疗过程中的严重并发症,使患者避免了手术风险。     

Predictors of Conversion from Radial Into Femoral Access in Cardiac Catheterization

Background

Fewer bleeding complications and early ambulation make radial access a privileged route for cardiac catheterization. However, transradial (TR) approach is not always successful, requiring its conversion into femoral access.

Objectives

To evaluate the rate of conversion from radial into femoral access in cardiac catheterization and to identify its predictors.

Methods

Prospective dual-center registry, including 7632 consecutive patients undergoing catheterization via the radial access between Jan/2009 and Oct/2012. We evaluated the incidence of conversion into femoral access and its predictors by logistic regression analysis.

Results

The patients’ mean age was 66 ± 11 years, and 32% were women. A total of 2969 procedures (38.4%) were percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI), and the most used first intention arterial access was the right radial artery (97.6%). Radial access failure rate was 5.8%. Independent predictors of conversion from radial into femoral access were the use of short introducer sheaths (OR 3.047, CI: 2.380-3.902; p < 0.001), PCI (OR 1.729, CI: 1.375-2.173; p < 0.001), female sex (OR 1.569, CI: 1.234-1.996; p < 0.001), multivessel disease (OR 1.457, CI: 1.167-1.819; p = 0.001), body surface area (BSA) ≤ 1.938 (OR 1.448, CI: 1.120-1.871; p = 0.005) and age > 66 years (OR 1.354, CI: 1.088-1.684; p = 0.007).

Conclusion

Transradial approach for cardiac catheterization has a high success rate and the need for its conversion into femoral access in this cohort was low. Female sex, older age, smaller BSA, the use of short introducer sheaths, multivessel disease and PCI were independent predictors of conversion into femoral access.