锁骨下静脉上位置管临床应用分析

目的总结分析锁骨下静脉上位置管建立中心静脉通路的临床应用特点。方法回顾性分析126例锁骨下静脉上位置管建立中心静脉通路及其临床特点,观察置管成功率、置管相关并发症。结果126例患者置管,一针穿刺成功95例,占75．4％;置管成功114例,成功率为90．5％。置管相关并发症发生率均较低。结论锁骨下静脉上位置管具有安全、成功率高、并发症少的特点。     

中心静脉穿刺新进针点的可行性研究

目的 通过对一种新的颈内静脉置管与高位前路颈内静脉置管进行比较,评价其可行性.方法 选择心脏手术病人60例,随机分为2组,每组30例,Ⅰ组一种新的途径行颈内静脉置管,Ⅱ组高位前路颈内静脉穿刺置管.观察记录总穿刺成功率、一次试穿成功率、置管成功率及并发症.观察中心静脉导管位置,并均于术后x线摄胸部平片.结果 Ⅰ组穿刺总成功率100%,一次穿刺成功率93.33%,均显著高于Ⅱ组(93.33%和60.00%)(P<0.01),Ⅰ组患者无误穿动脉、气胸、血胸及导管异位等并发症发生.结论 该新的穿刺方法具有操作容易、安全性大、穿刺置管成功率及一次穿刺成功率高等特点,是经皮中心静脉置管有实用价值的方法之一.     

Potential Use of a Combined Extractor in Intravascular Procedures

Extraction techniques are gaining increasing attention in proportion to the increasing range of endovascular procedures. The choice of the instrumentarium depends, among other things, on whether the object to be extracted is a foreign body (most often a catheter) with or without a free end. This communication offers our experience with a combined extractor of our own manufacture allowing both central and lateral grasping techniques. The technique of catheterization is illustrated in one case.     

ICU应用微量泵中心静脉高浓度补钾有效性及安全性评价

目的探讨ICU-应用微量泵中心静脉高浓度补钾的有效性及安全性。方法回顾性分析ICU发生低钾血症78例患者的临床资料。随机分为常规组和高浓度组,每组各39例,补钾均在心电监护下进行。常规组钾浓度为40mmol／L,补钾速度为10～20mmol／h;高浓度组钾浓度为100～300mmol／L,补钾速度为加～200mmol／h,同时计算达到目标血钾浓度所需补钾量,监测两组血钾浓度、每小时尿量、达到目标血钾浓度所需时间及患者局部不良反应。结果两组患者治疗前均存在低钾血症,设定目标血钾浓度为4．0mmol／L,两组治疗前血钾浓度、所需补钾量比较差异无统计学意义,分别为（2．9±0．2）、（3．0±0．2）mmol／L和（85．2±8．7）、（92．3±7．6）mmol。常规组与高浓度组相比达到目标血钾浓度所需时间较长[（17.25±4．49）h比（5．67±0．75）h,P〈0．01]。结论在ICU严密监护下应用微量泵中心静脉高浓度补钾安全、有效．有一定的临床廊用价值。     

ICU应用微量泵中心静脉高浓度补钾有效性及安全性评价

目的 探讨ICU应用微量泵中心静脉高浓度补钾的有效性及安全性.方法 回顾性分析ICU发生低钾血症78例患者的临床资料.随机分为常规组和高浓度组,每组各39例,补钾均在心电监护下进行.常规组钾浓度为40 mmol/L,补钾速度为10-20 mmol/h;高浓度组钾浓度为100-300mmol/L,补钾速度为40～200mmol/h,同时计算达到目标血钾浓度所需补钾量,监测两组血钾浓度、每小时尿量、达到目标血钾浓度所需时间及患者局部不良反应.结果 两组患者治疗前均存在低钾血症,设定目标血钾浓度为4.0mmol/L,两组治疗前血钾浓度、所需补钾量比较差异无统计学意义,分别为(2.9±0.2)、(3.0±0.2)mmol/L和(85.2±8.7)、(92.3±7.6)mmol.常规组与高浓度组相比达到目标血钾浓度所需时间较长[(17.25±4.49)h比(5.67 4±0.75)h,P<0.01].结论 在ICU严密监护下应用微量泵中心静脉高浓度补钾安全、有效,有一定的临床应用价值.     

中心静脉置管389例临床分析

目的比较不同部位穿刺中心静脉置管在临床应用中的成功率与并发症发生率。方法选取2005年1月_2007年7月在我科进行中心静脉置管的患者389例,其中锁骨下静脉置管246例,股静脉置管143例,比较锁骨下静脉置管和股静脉置管的成功率与并发症发生率。结果锁骨下静脉置管的成功率为93.5％,股静脉置管的成功率为97.2％,两者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;锁骨下静脉置管的并发症发生率为11.4％,股静脉置管的并发症发生率为11.9％,两者比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论不同部位穿刺中心静脉置管的成功率和并发症发生率无差异。     

Procedural Complications During Congenital Cardiac Catheterization

Objective. We sought to identify complications that occurred during congenital cardiac catheterization (CCC) and determine factors that could improve the quality of care provided to patients with congenital heart disease during this procedure. Design. We reviewed the electronic medical record for 903 CCC cases, (455 female; mean age = 29 ± 22 years, range = birth to 91 years) performed in our catheterization laboratory from 2005 to 2007. Included in this cohort are 342 cases performed on patients less than 18 years of age. Clinical follow-up data were reviewed for 3 months postcatheterization. Complications were assigned a grade from 1 to 4 based on severity. Results. The indication for catheterization was diagnostic in 459 (51%) patients, interventional in 386 (43%) patients, and endomyocardial biopsy in 58 (6%) patients. Mean intravenous contrast dose = 1.9 ± 1.8 mL/kg. Mean fluoroscopy exposure = 22 ± 13 minutes. Mean procedure duration = 122 ± 42 minutes. Although 806 cases (89%) were performed without complication, 102 complications were observed in 97 cases. There were no deaths. Emergent surgery was performed in four patients. One patient notified us 16 days after catheterization that she was pregnant. The result of that pregnancy was normal. Thirty complications occurred during the CCC procedure and a first year fellow was involved in 17. Patient age, weight, gender, attending physician, or type of procedure (diagnostic vs. intervention) did not impact risk of complications. Conclusions. Patients of all ages with congenital heart disease can expect a safe procedure with minimal risk of serious complications. Procedural changes that have been implemented include pregnancy testing on all menstruating females prior to CCC regardless of history of sexual activity, and first-year fellows are now directly supervised by the attending physician rather than a more senior fellow throughout the procedure.     

Embolization of a mesenteric artery aneurysm: Case report

Gelfoam embolization of a jejunal artery branch aneurysm was performed using an openended guidewire. The outflow vessel was embolized first, followed by occlusion of the feeding artery, to exclude collateral filling.     

肱动脉肘部穿刺术的应用解剖

笔者测量了８０侧成人尸体标本肘窝部肱动脉的口径、体表投影点，并对其伴行静脉、神经进行了观察及变异情况统计。测量与观察结果显示肘窝部肱动脉外径均值０．５６ｃｍ，体表投影点距肱骨内上髁２．５２ｃｍ，距肘横纹中点０．４９ｃｍ，紧贴肱二头肌健内侧缘。８０侧标本正中神经走行在肱动脉前方的８例，外侧肱深静脉绕行至肱动脉前方的２８例，穿刺时易伤及。本研究为肱动脉肘部穿刺导管术提供了解剖基础。     

多通道引导管在腹腔镜下胆总管切开探查术中的应用

目的探讨多通道引导管 (multipleinstrumentguide ,MIG)在腹腔镜胆总管切开探查(laparoscopiccholedochotomy ,LCD)中应用的意义。 方法回顾性分析比较MIG使用前后LCD的探查时间、探查结果、并发症发生及胆道镜损坏情况。结果 2 5例应用MIG的胆总管切开探查手术均顺利恢复 ,无中转开腹 ,术后无胆漏、出血 ,无结石残留 ,无胰腺炎发生。取出胆总管结石平均每例 6枚 ,探查过程用时 30min ,无胆道镜损坏。 38例采用常规方法探查胆总管后无出血、胆漏 ,并发无症状淀粉酶升高 2例 ,结石残留 1例。取出胆总管结石平均每例 5枚 ,探查过程用时 6 0min ,胆道镜损坏 6次。结论MIG能简化LCD的过程 ,缩短手术时间 ,提高手术的安全性 ,并能有效地保护胆道镜。