Epidemiological study of intraosseous lesions of the stomatognathic or maxillomandibular complex diagnosed by a Reference Centre in Brazil from 2006–2017

This epidemiological study was designed to find out the incidence and factors associated with the occurrence of intraosseous lesions diagnosed at a Reference Centre in Brazil. We included all patients diagnosed with intraosseous lesions (cyst, tumour, bone-associated lesion, and periapical disease) during the period 2006–2017, and analysed the association between some sociodemographic and clinical variables and the types of lesion. There was a total of 290 intraosseous lesions, the most common being odontogenic cysts. There was a significant association between age and odontogenic tumours (p = 0.001). In relation to the histopathological diagnosis, root cysts were the most common (n = 57), followed by dentigerous cysts (n = 26). The lesions studied were seen most often in women between the second and fourth decades of life, odontogenic cysts being the most common type found. We know of few publications of similar epidemiological work, either in Brazil or in the rest of the world, so we suggest that more such studies are made.     

驱动基因在肺癌骨转移中的研究进展

骨是肺癌常见的血行转移部位之一，其发生率为30%~40%，好发于脊柱和躯干近端，包括脊柱、股骨、肋骨和胸骨等。肺癌骨转移患者中位生存期为6~10月，治疗后1年生存率为40%~50%。骨转移分子机制的研究对治疗具有重要的指导意义。研究显示肺癌原发灶和骨转移灶驱动基因表达存在异质性，然而肺癌驱动基因在肺癌骨转移中的作用以及对骨微环境的的影响机制尚不明确。本文就肺癌骨转移分子机制研究进展进行综述，着重对常见肺癌驱动基因在肺癌骨转移中的作用及对骨微环境的影响进行阐述。     

Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and loss of bone mineral density in women undergoing breast cancer therapy

An unintended consequence of breast cancer therapies is an increased risk of osteoporosis due to accelerated bone loss. We conducted a systematic review of calcium and/or vitamin D (Ca ± D) supplementation trials for maintaining bone mineral density (BMD) in women with breast cancer using the “before–after” data from the Ca ± D supplemented comparison group of trials evaluating the effect of drugs such as bisphosphonates on BMD. Whether Ca ± D supplements increase BMD in women undergoing breast cancer therapy has never been tested against an unsupplemented control group. However, results from 16 trials indicate that the Ca ± D doses tested (500–1500 mg calcium; 200–1000 IU vitamin D) were inadequate to prevent BMD loss in these women. Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality in women with breast cancer. Because calcium supplements may increase cardiovascular disease risk, future trials should evaluate the safety and efficacy of Ca ± D supplementation in women undergoing breast cancer therapy.     

In vitro cultivation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and establishment of pEGFP/Ang-1 transfection method

ObjectiveTo obtain the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), complete phenotypic identification and successfully transfect rat BMSCs by recombinant plasmid pEGFP/Ang-1.MethodsBMSCs were isolated from bone marrow using density gradient centrifugation method and adherence screening method, and purified. Then the recombinant plasmid pEGFP/Ang-1 was used to transfect BMSCs and the positive clones were obtained by the screen of G418 and observed under light microscopy inversely. Green fluorescent exhibited by protein was enhanced to measure the change time of the expression amount of Ang-1.ResultsBMSCs cell lines were obtained successfully by adherence screening method and density gradient centrifugation. Ang-1 recombinant plasmid was transfected smoothly into rat BMSCs, which can express Ang-1 for 3 d and decreased after 7 d.ConclusionsAdherence screening method and density gradient centrifugation can be effective methods to obtain BMSCs with high purity and rapid proliferation. Besides, the expression of transfected recombinant plasmid pEGFP/Ang-1 in rat BMSCs is satisfactory.     

新生儿急性肾损伤生物标志物研究现状

新生儿急性肾损伤(AKI)是指由于各种原因引起的肾功能在短时间内受到损害,新生儿呈现血容量减少性休克、缺氧、低体温等多种病理状态,血清肌酐水平急性和可逆性增高,伴或不伴尿量减少,水和电解质紊乱、酸碱失衡和代谢废物堆积。AKI表现隐匿,该病新生儿易被临床漏诊。由于AKI新生儿特殊的病理生理特点,使其与成年人AKI患者差异较大,目前临床不断改进的成年人AKI诊断标准,并不适用于临床诊断新生儿AKI。因此,临床需要新型肾损伤生物标志物,对新生儿AKI进行早期预测和诊断。目前可反映肾小管及肾小球损伤,有助于新生儿AKI诊断的新型生物标志物包括:胱抑素C(Cys-C)、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白(NGAL)、肾脏损伤分子(KIM)-1、β2微球蛋白(β2-MG)、α1微球蛋白(α1-MG)、N-乙酰-β-D氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、肝型脂肪酸结合蛋白(L-FABP)、神经轴突导向因子(Netrin)-1、表皮生长因子(EGF)、白细胞介素(IL)-18、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)及β-微量蛋白(BTP)等。在众多预测新生儿AKI的新型生物标志物中,应用相对较多及预测效果较佳的生物标志物是尿、血清Cys-C,尿、血清NGAL和尿KIM-1等,在对AKI新生儿进行早期预测、辅助诊断等方面,均优于血清肌酐及尿量检测。但是,上述新型生病标志物的“正常值”大多受新生儿出生胎龄、体重及其检测时日龄与是否合并全身感染等多种因素影响。这些因素均可降低其预测新生儿AKI的敏感度和特异度。联合检测多种生物标志物预测新生儿AKI,虽然降低了预测特异度,但是可以提高预测敏感度。     

Distinguishing constitutional from acquired bone marrow failure in the hematology clinic

Distinguishing constitutional from immune bone marrow failure (BMF) has important clinical implications. However, the diagnosis is not always straightforward, and immune aplastic anemia, the commonest BMF, is a diagnosis of exclusion. In this review, we discuss a general approach to the evaluation of BMF, focusing on clinical presentations particular to immune and various constitutional disorders as well as the interpretation of bone marrow histology, flow cytometry, and karyotyping. Additionally, we examine the role of specialized testing in both immune and inherited BMF, and discuss genetic testing, both its role in patient evaluation and interpretation of results.     

Thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemia in systemic lupus erythematosus associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: usefulness of monitoring coagulation–fibrinolysis markers

Abstract

We report on a 24-year-old woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus anticoagulant who developed chronic thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. The patient responded well to a combination of plasma exchange and anticoagulant therapy. Changes in the molecular markers for coagulation and fibrinolysis corresponded with the disease activity. We suggest that thrombotic microangiopathic hemolytic anemia should be suspected when anemia and thrombocytopenia of unknown etiologies occur in systemic lupus erythematosus. In such cases, the evaluation of molecular markers for coagulation and fibrinolysis might be helpful both for diagnosis and for assessing the response to therapy.