成都郊区学龄前儿童钙营养及骨矿状况的调查

目的：了解郊区学龄前儿童的膳食钙营养及骨矿发育状况。方法：随机选取成都郊区两所幼儿园，对161名3～6岁儿童进行膳食调查，检测血钙、尿钙，并用DEXA法、超声骨量分别测腰椎骨矿及跟骨骨量。结果：郊区学龄前儿童膳食钙营养状况仍较差。只达推荐量的32％左右；低血钙、低尿钙百分率分别为42．24％、63．34％；骨量、骨密度、骨面积与体重、身高呈正相关，学龄前儿童已表现出骨密度差异，男孩较女孩高，郊区学龄前儿童骨矿状况较城市同龄儿童为低。结论：郊区学龄前儿童由于膳食结构不合理。钙营养不足，低尿钙、血钙发生率较高，骨量发育较城市明显落后。必须加强人们对钙营养重要性的认识，调整膳食结构，多食人奶制品、豆制品等含钙丰富的食物，改普钙营养状况。促进达到最佳骨量。     

骨髓基质干细胞分化来源肝细胞移植的细胞准备及组织学观察

目的 探讨大鼠骨髓基质干细胞向肝细胞分化后体外标记方法及移植肝细胞的肝内组织学表现。方法 分离大鼠骨髓基质细胞，在体外诱导分化为成熟肝细胞。将5-溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷（BrdU）掺入后的肝细胞移植入已行部分肝切除大鼠体内，分别应用免疫组织化学和免疫荧光方法观察受体肝脏内移植细胞的形态和功能。结果分化成熟肝细胞在BrdU掺入培养后细胞核染色可见特异性棕褐色标记；肝细胞移植后肝组织切片BrdU染色可定位移植细胞；白蛋白抗体染色显示移植细胞具有功能活性。结论 骨髓基质干细胞分化来源的肝细胞移植后形态功能稳定，是进行肝细胞移植的理想细胞来源。     

BMP7腺病毒基因转染对骨髓基质干细胞生物学的影响

目的 探讨BMP7腺病毒基因转染对骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs)的体外、体内的生物学功能影响.方法 抽取羊的骨髓,分离、培养骨髓基质干细胞.用重组骨形成蛋白7腺病毒(adenovirus bone morphogenetic protein 7;Adeno-BMP7)转染(M.O.I=100)70%～80%融合时的第二代细胞,三天后分别进行透射电镜观察、流式细胞仪检测、Western-blot、钙结节染色以及珊瑚和细胞复合物皮下回植.结果 在体外:细胞超微结构观察显示Adeno-BMP7基因转染后的BMSCs的物质合成代谢功能活跃;流式细胞仪检测表明Adeno-BMP7基因转染对BMSCs的细胞周期无明显影响;Western-blot检测证明转染Adeno-BMP7后的BMSCs有BMP7在蛋白水平上的表达;染色表明转染Adeno-BMP7后的BMSCs可形成较大的钙结节.在体内:转染Adeno-BMP7的BMSCs可明显促进新骨的形成,与没转染Adeno-BMP7的BMSCs有差异.结论 Adeno-BMP7转染可促进BMSCs的体外成骨定向分化,Adeno-BMP7转染后的BMSCs具有更强的体内成骨能力.     

The impact of cystic fibrosis on recovery from orthopedic trauma: A case study

Cystic Fibrosis has effects on many body systems, including the skeletal system. In this case, we describe the impact of respiratory and endocrine disease on bone healing following orthopedic trauma in a 22-year-old woman. Limitations to mobility resulting from trauma complicated her respiratory condition. Disease-related effects on bone health and healing delayed her recovery from the trauma. It is important to recognize the multisystemic nature of CF, even when managing acute orthopedic injuries.     

Teriparatide vs. calcitonin in the treatment of Asian postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis

This study compared the clinical efficacy, safety, and tolerability of daily subcutaneous injections of teriparatide and salmon calcitonin in the treatment of postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis in Taiwan. This 6-month, multicenter, randomized, controlled study enrolled 63 women with established osteoporosis. They were randomized to receive either teriparatide 20 μg or calcitonin 100 IU daily in an open-label fashion. Lumber spine, femoral neck, total hip bone mineral density (BMD), and biochemical markers of bone turnover were measured, and adverse events and tolerability were recorded. The results at 6 months showed that patients using teriparatide had larger mean increases in spinal BMD than those who used calcitonin (4.5% vs. 0.1%), but the BMD changes in these two groups at the femoral neck and the total hip were not significant. There were also larger mean increases in bone markers in the teriparatide group than in the calcitonin group (bone specific alkaline phosphatase 142% vs. 37%; osteocalcin 154% vs. 23%). We conclude that teriparatide has more positive effects on bone formation than salmon calcitonin, as shown by the larger increments of lumbar spine BMD and bone formation markers, and caused only mild adverse events and no significant change in liver, kidney or hematological parameters. Compared with the published global results, teriparatide seems to be equally effective and safe to use in this Asian population.     

多药耐药基因转染骨髓造血细胞移植小鼠的安全性研究

目的 探讨多药耐药基因(mdrl)转染骨髓造血细胞移植后,其在体内分布和安全性.方法 骨髓造血细胞转染mdrl基因后移植入BALB/C鼠,免疫组织化学和RT.PCR观察mdrl基因在骨髓、外周血及重要脏器的表达;监测外周血白细胞变化及重要脏器病检分析其安全性.结果 P-糖蛋白(P-gP)在骨髓表达率随时间降低,各时间组差异无统计学意义(x2=3.74,P＞0.05),在外周血表达第2月最高,为(9.95±1.84)%,各时间组差异无统计学意义(x2=2.31,P＞0.05),在重要脏器无表达;移植未转染组与移植转染组外周血白细胞计数至移植60 d后,两者差异有统计学意义(t=6.173,P＜0.05),病检除肝和肾有炎性渗出和水肿病变外,其余无异常.结论 mdrl基因在骨髓和外周血有持续较高表达,在重要脏器无表达;mdrl基因转染对造血恢复及重要脏器无明显影响.     

数字曲面体层X片在评价非负荷期种植体周围骨吸收的临床应用

目的:评价数字曲面体层X片在测量非负荷期种植体周围牙槽骨吸收的应用情况。方法:观测、分析对比26例患者50枚Camlog系统种植体临床应用非负荷期间数字化曲面体层X片和X线牙片上种植体周围牙槽骨吸收的情况。结果:50枚Camlog种植体植入后10 d,两种X片骨吸收测量结果分别为0.65 mm、0.81 mm,两者之间无明显差异;第4个月(或6月\下颌)分别为0.12 mm、0.19 mm,两者之间无明显差异。结论:本研究显示数字化曲面体层X片在测量非负荷期种植体周围牙槽骨吸收的应用中有操作简单、重复性好、精确度高、变形可补偿等优点,有实际应用价值,值得推广。     

Bone growth patterns in Chinese children and adolescents: a 6-year follow-up study provides evidence for sexual dimorphism and tracking

Summary We prospectively examined bone growth patterns in 894 children aged 6–17 years at the baseline visit, with a 6-year follow-up. Results show bone “tracking” over a six-year interval and sexual dimorphism of bone attained levels and timing of peak bone growth. Our findings underscore childhood and adolescence as critical periods for building bone and developing gender differences. Introduction Bone growth patterns were prospectively examined in 894 Chinese children (496 males), aged 6–17 yrs, from a population-based twin cohort. Whole-body bone area (BA), bone mineral content (BMC), and bone mineral density (BMD) were measured by DEXA at baseline and a 6-yr follow-up. Methods Graphic smoothing plots and generalized estimating equations were used to model bone attained levels, growth, and “tracking”. Results Attained levels of BMC and BA increased curvilinearly with age. Male attained levels were higher than females after age ∼15 yr, but BMD was lower between 13–17 yrs (Tanner stage I to IV). In both genders, peak BMC and BMD growth lagged ∼2 yrs behind peak BA growth, which lagged 2 yrs behind peak height growth. Peak bone growth occurred 1–3 yrs later in males. Over the 6-yr follow-up, all bone measurements “tracked”, but “shifting” across ranks also occurred, and baseline tertile ranking influenced bone growth. Females with early menarche had higher attained levels than females with late menarche at age 12–13 yrs. Conclusion Our findings confirm and expand previous studies on peak bone growth conducted in Caucasian cohorts, particularly sexually dimorphic and maturational effects. The significant “tracking” of bone measurements in this 6-yr follow-up study underscores the importance that osteoporosis prevention should begin in childhood and adolescence. Fengxiu Ouyang and Binyan Wang contributed equally to this article. Source(s) of support: This study is supported in part by grant R01 HD049059, R01 HL0864619 and R01 AR045651 from the National Institute of Health and by the Food Allergy Project.     

同种异体骨支撑架微创治疗股骨头坏死的临床研究

目的应用改良髓芯减压术结合同种异体骨支撑架加自体骨和脱钙骨基质（decalcified bone matrix，DBM）治疗早期股骨头坏死，探索早期股骨头坏死的微创治疗方法。方法2004年1月～2005年4月，23例24个髋关节采用经大转子下通过股骨颈钻隧道至股骨头骨坏死区，将装有自体松质骨和DBM的同种异体骨支撑架经隧道拧入骨坏死区直至软骨下骨约5mm处，隧道远端用自体髂骨填塞。观察手术前后Harris评分变化、x线影像学表现及是否需进一步治疗。结果本组所有患者均获得随访，平均随访19（12—27）个月，以最后一次随访资料作为最终评价依据。Harris评分，术前优良率为43．5％（10／23）。术后优良率为91．3％（21／23）。22侧髋关节影像学表现保持稳定，无明显并发症发生。结论同种异体骨支撑架植入结合自体松质骨和DBM治疗成人股骨头坏死，增加了股骨头负重区软骨下骨的机械支撑，成骨作用强，有利于股骨头坏死的修复与重建，同时，不破坏患者股骨头本身的血液供应，创伤小，操作简单，值得临床推广使用。     

重组人骨形态发生蛋白4基因腺相关病毒载体对兔骨髓基质干细胞生物学行为的影响

目的应用重组人骨形态发生蛋白4基因腺相关病毒载体(AAV-hBMP4)转染兔骨髓基质干细胞(BMSCs),观察其对BMSCs生物学行为的影响,从而为骨组织工程寻找理想的病毒载体及种子细胞。方法全骨髓法培养兔BMSCs,按感染复数(MOI)值不同设定为四组,分别转染兔BMSCs,观察病毒量对细胞形态的影响。选取影响最小的MOI值,进行后续实验。转染兔BMSCs,MTT法描记细胞生长曲线,观察AAV对细胞增殖活性的影响。以重组增强型绿色荧光蛋白基因的腺相关病毒载体(AAV-EGFP)为参照,行流式细胞仪检测,计算转染效率。AAV-hBMP4与对照病毒AAV-EGFP分别转染细胞,观察细胞形态,行碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色、Von Kossa染色及ALP含量测定,观察成骨活性。兔肌袋实验观察异位成骨情况。结果MOI值为5×10~4 vg/cell时,AAV对细胞形态影响最小,以此值进行后续实验。AAV转染后,细胞增殖活性良好,转染效率为55％～65％。AAV-hBMP4转染后,细胞形态呈现典型的成骨改变,ALP染色及Von Kossa染色均出现成骨的特征性改变,而AAV-EGFP组无上述改变。细胞上清ALP含量测定显示,实验组ALP含量显著增高,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(t=218．65,P＜0．01)。兔肌袋实验术后4周组织学检测可见大量钙盐沉积,矿化结节形成。结论AAV-hBMP4转染效率高,对BMSCs的增殖活性影响小,AAV-hBMP4转染的BMSCs可望成为组织工程化骨的理想种子细胞。