类风湿关节炎患者丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白及低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物水平分析

目的分析类风湿关节炎患者丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物及血脂水平,探讨其与心血管病高发生率的关系。方法选择类风湿关节炎患者55例,其中合并心血管疾病患者(并发症组)13例,单纯类风湿关节炎患者(单纯组)42例;正常对照组60例。采用酶联免疫吸附试验分别测定血浆丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物水平,同时对受检者血脂和炎症指标进行检测。结果两组类风湿关节炎患者除载脂蛋白B高于对照组外(P<0.05),其它脂质和载脂蛋白水平无明显改变;并发症组与单纯组间脂质和载脂蛋白水平相似。并发症和单纯组血浆丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白(分别为187.81±90.89和102.01±57.73mg/L)和低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物水平(分别为2.58±1.69和1.87±0.74AU)均明显高于对照组(分别为32.65±27.00mg/L和1.21±0.38AU,P<0.01),且并发症组高于单纯组(P<0.01或0.05)。低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物与C反应蛋白正相关(r=0.301,P=0.026),丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白与血沉趋于相关(r=0.263,P=0.057)。结论类风湿关节炎患者丙二醛修饰型低密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白循环免疫复合物水平显著升高,参与动脉粥样硬化的发生、发展过程。     

Antibiotic strategy after the empiric phase in patients treated for a hematological malignancy

 Empiric broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy has become a generally accepted strategy in the treatment of febrile neutropenic patients. Particularly in patients with prolonged neutropenia, subsequent adaptation of such a regimen will be the rule rather than exception. Since there are no uniformly accepted guidelines for the modification of antibiotic therapy during the post-empiric phase, we assessed the impact of a set of rules that evolved during the first randomized trials. Evaluation of the clinician's compliance with these rules in 1951 febrile neutropenic episodes was the subject of the present analysis. Treatment was modified in 761 (39%) cases, and these changes were made according to the rules in 76%. For 75% of the alterations in treatment during the evening and night shifts, no reasonable explanation was established, while 93% of the modifications during the normal working hours were made for objective reasons. The empiric regimen was more frequently changed in patients with a clinical focus of infection at the onset of fever than in patients who showed fever as the only symptom of a possible infection. The perceived need for modification amounted to 69% in pulmonary infections, to 51% in skin and soft-tissue infections, to 44% in patients with abdominal complaints, and to 37% in upper respiratory tract infections. Glycopeptides constituted 22% of modifications, particularly in patients with a central venous catheter, and systemically active antifungals were administered in 16% of cases. Especially inexperienced clinicians tend to adjust antibiotic therapy, in spite of the fact that persistence of fever alone seldom reflects inadequate treatment when the clinical condition of the patient is stable or improving. On the other hand, the development of subsequent infectious events emphasizes that a genuine need for modification does frequently exist. Received: 4 December 1995 / Accepted: 7 December 1995     

女性2型糖尿病患者骨密度调查与评估

目的观察女性2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的骨密度（BMD）变化，探讨BMD数据比较的方法。方法选取女性T2DM患者484例，健康女性志愿者868例，测量正侧位腰椎2至4的椎体、左侧股骨颈、大转子和Ward三角区BMD。确立健康女性各骨骼部位BMD随年龄的变化关系，以三次回归模型建立数据库。结果（1）糖尿病组BMD值与正常人比较无统计学差异。（2）与峰值BMD比较，糖尿病组随年龄增加BMD值下降，且受累骨骼部位增加。（3）同年龄组糖尿病和正常人与峰值骨量差值比较，差异无统计学意义。结论T2DM患者BMD变化与正常人群无统计学差异；比较与峰值骨量的差值是判断骨质疏松程度的标准。     

Improvement in spine bone density and reduction in risk of vertebral fractures during treatment with antiresorptive drugs

PURPOSE: To estimate how much the improvement in bone mass accounts for the reduction in risk of vertebral fracture that has been observed in randomized trials of antiresorptive treatments for osteoporosis. METHODS: After a systematic search, we conducted a meta-analysis of 12 trials to describe the relation between improvement in spine bone mineral density and reduction in risk of vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. We also used logistic models to estimate the proportion of the reduction in risk of vertebral fracture observed with alendronate in the Fracture Intervention Trial that was due to improvement in bone mineral density. RESULTS: Across the 12 trials, a 1% improvement in spine bone mineral density was associated with a 0.03 decrease (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02 to 0.05) in the relative risk (RR) of vertebral fracture. The reductions in risk were greater than predicted from improvement in bone mineral density; for example, the model estimated that treatments predicted to reduce fracture risk by 20% (RR = 0.80), based on improvement in bone mineral density, actually reduce the risk of fracture by about 45% (RR = 0.55). In the Fracture Intervention Trial, improvement in spine bone mineral density explained 16% (95% CI: 11% to 27%) of the reduction in the risk of vertebral fracture with alendronate. CONCLUSION: Improvement in spine bone mineral density during treatment with antiresorptive drugs accounts for a predictable but small part of the observed reduction in the risk of vertebral fracture.     

老年男性各年龄组骨密度与骨代谢生化指标的关系

目的　测定老年男性不同年龄组骨密度及血、尿中与骨吸收和骨形成有关的生化指标 ,观察其与年龄的关系 ,探讨以上生化指标对早期诊断原发性骨质疏松的临床意义。方法　采用双能量 X线骨密度测定仪测定前臂骨密度 ;采用全自动生化分析法测定血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、尿钙 (Ca)、肌酐 (Cr) ;采用放免法测定骨钙素 (BGP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶 (TRAP)、尿羟脯氨酸 (HOP)。将年龄 60～ 95岁的老年男性 97例分为 60～ 69岁、 70～ 79岁和 80岁以上三组并与 60岁以下男性进行比较。再将其分为骨质疏松组与非骨质疏松组 ,比较其测定值。结果　老年男性骨密度及骨形成与骨吸收指标呈现随着年龄增长而降低的趋势。其中 ,骨质疏松组较非骨质疏松组骨钙素 (BGP)、抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶 (TRAP)、尿羟脯氨酸 (HOP) ,明显下降 (P<0 . 0 5)。结论　老年男性骨质疏松属于低转换型 ,骨转换指标随增龄而呈下降趋势     

Hypocalcemia response following calcitonin administration: Lack of correlation with osteoclast number determined after histoenzymologic identification in osteoprorosis

Summary The relationship between calcitonin-induced hypocalcemia and histomorphometric parameters of bone resorption was examined in iliac crest biopsies of 30 osteoporotic patients aged 55–86 years all of whom had received a single injection of 100 UI of salmon calcitonin. Number of osteoclasts and active resorption surfaces were determined after histoenzymologic staining based on osteoclastic tartrate resistant acid phosphatase content. No significant correlation could be demonstrated between the drop of hypocalcemia and the different histomorphometric parameters. It can be concluded that the calcitonin test is useless in osteoporosis.     

611例汉族人维生素D受体基因多态性与骨密度关系研究

采用PCR-RFLP分析了611名上海地区汉族人的维生素D受体(VDR)基因型,并测量其骨密度(BMD),统计分析发现男女性VDR基因分布差异存在统计学意义,Bb基因型在男性中的分布频率(26.9%)高于女性(12.7%,P<0.01)。不同基因型的人群BMD差异无统计学意义。     

免疫组化联合基因重排检测对发热待查伴骨髓分类不明细胞的诊断价值

目的:探讨发热待查伴有骨髓中发现分类不明细胞免疫组化联合基因重排检测的诊断价值。方法:对23例长期发热并骨髓或外周血中有分类不明细胞浸润的患者分离骨髓或外周血的单个核细胞进行免疫组化染色和基因重排检测。结果:23例患者中,诊断为非霍奇金淋巴瘤12例,其中滤泡性淋巴瘤(FL)3例、套细胞淋巴瘤(MCL)1例、弥漫性大B细胞淋巴瘤(DLBCL)2例、间变性大细胞淋巴瘤-T(ALCL)3例、血管免疫母细胞性T细胞淋巴瘤(AITCL)1例,侵袭性NK细胞白血病/淋巴瘤(ANKCL)1例,恶性组织细胞病1例;2例结合脾脏病理学诊断SLE;诊断为骨髓转移癌5例;4例未能确诊。结论:联合运用免疫组化和基因重排技术对长期发热并骨髓分类不明细胞浸润患者有一定的诊断价值。     

Food groups and bone health

Studies aimed at determining the relationship between key nutrients (especially calcium) and bone health have examined directly the effect of a specific nutrient (or, in some cases, various nutrients) commonly consumed in the human diet. Consideration of the foods man actually consumes rather than the nutrients contained within them is an alternative strategy that has been adopted in other disciplines examining the relationship between diet and disease. Two studies indicate that a high fruit and vegetable, intake is protective for the skeleton, whereas high candy consumption is associated with lower bone mass, irrespective of gender. These data also suggest that a high intake of fatty, sugary foods is detrimental to bone health around the time of menopause. Because milk and milk products provide greater than 50% of the total calcium in the Western diet as well as a number of other key nutrients including phosphorus, magnesium, and zinc, they have a fundamental role in bone health determination. Milk supplementation also improves the nutritional quality of postmenopausal women's diets to a greater extent than calcium. Data for alcohol consumption are also intriguing. Recently, a positive association was noted between tea drinking and bone mass in postmenopausal women and may point to the influence of flavonoids contained in tea on bone health.